{]hmNIXzw F´psIm­v ? F§s\?

CemloZm\w

{]hmNIÀ a\pjycn \n¶v

_lpapJZuXyw

XuloZv

hn[nhne¡pIÄ

kÂkcWn

\ncp]a amXrI

Clhpw ]chpw

Hcp kwibw

apAvPnk¯pIÄ

kmlNcytI{µoIcWw

a\pjyÀ¡p amÀKZÀi\amWv {]hmNI \ntbmK¯nsâ e£yw. a\pjy{]IrXw Hcp amÀ KZÀiIsâbpw amÀK¯nsâbpw A\nhmcyX tXSp¶p­v. COm kzmX{´yhpw {]hÀ¯\ tijnbpapff a\pjys\ kzX{´ambn hnSp¶Xv \mitlXpIamWv. AXn\m Xs¶ Ah\mhiyamb amÀKZÀi\w {]]©{kjvSmhmb \mY³ Xs¶ \ÂtI­Xp­v. AXp ambn AÃmlp \ntbmKn¡p¶hcmWv {]hmNI³amÀ.

\p_pƯv  F¶ ]Z¯nsâ `mjmÀYw "hnhcadnbn¡Â' Ft¶m "{]hNn¡Â' Ft¶m BWv. F¶m Cu ]Z¯nsâ tIhe AÀY]cn[nbn HXp§p¶Xà Cu ]Zhn. {]hmNIXzw F¶Xv a\pjy{]bXv\¯m t\SnsbSp¡m\mhm¯ XnI¨pw CemloZm\ambn«pÅ AXyp¯a ]ZhnbmWv. {]]©\mY³ AXnal¯mb A\p{KlISm£¯m \S¯p¶ Hcp XncsªSp¸mWXv. Cu ASnØm\¯n {]hmNI³ F¶m "AÃmlp X sâ ktµi§Ä \ÂIp¶Xn\mbn XncsªSp¯h³' F¶mWÀYw. {]hmNIXz¯nsâ {]t_m[\]camb ZuXyamWv cnkme¯v. AXn\m Xs¶ FÃm ZqX³amcpw {]hmNI³ amcmbncn¡pw. F¶m FÃm {]hmNI³amcpw ZqX·mcmbns¡mÅWsa¶nÃ.

a\pjysâ kwthZ\tijn¡p kmlNcy]camb ]cnanXnIfpw ]cn[nIfpw D­mhmw. Cu ]cn[nIfpw ]cnanXnIfpw XSÊamhm¯ hn[w Ah\p amÀKZÀi\w e`n¡Ww. CXn \v A\ptbmPycmb amÀKZÀiIcp­mth­Xp­v. CXn\memWv AÃmlp am\hcminbp sS sFlnI]mc{XnI kpØnXn¡pw kam[m\¯n\pw Bhiyamb \nÀt±i§fpambn A hcnÂ\n¶p Xs¶ {]hmNI³amscbpw  ZqX³amscbpw \ntbmKn¨Xv. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""\nÝbw, \mw \½psS ZqX³amsc ZpjvSm´§fpambn Ab¨ncn¡p¶p. AhtcmsSm¸w {KÙhpw {IaoIcWhpw \mw AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶p; P\§Ä \oXn]qÀÆw \ne\n¡m\mbn«v''(Bibw; A lZoZv: 25).

ZqX³amsc \ntbmKn¨p P\§sf kÂkcWnbnte¡p £Wn¡p¶Xv AÃmlphnsâ bp àamb Xocpam\¯nsâ `mKamWv. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""Xm¡oXv \ÂIp¶hcpw kt´m jhmÀ¯bdnbn¡p¶hcpamb ZqX³amsc \mw \nbpàcm¡nbn«p­v; B ZqX³amÀ¡p tijw P\§Ä AÃmlphnt\mSv Ahsâ \oXn\nÀÆlW¯ns\Xnsc FXnÀ\ymbw D¶bn¡mXncn¡m³ th­n''(Bibw; A¶nkmAv:165).

"hn[n\nÀWb\mfn AÃmlphnsâ Xocpam\¯ns\Xnsc, R§fntes¡mcp{]hmNIs\ \ntbmKn¨p kXyhmÀ¯Ifdnbn¨ncps¶¦n Cu ZpÀKXnbp­mhnÃmbncp¶p F¶p ]dbp¶ kmlNcyw {]hmNI³amcpsS \ntbmK¯neqsS AÃmlp CÃmXm¡n.

a\pjysâ {]IrXnbpsS kzm`mhnIXIfdnbp¶ \mY³ a\pjys\ kwkvIcn¡m\mbn \nÝbn¨ amÀKw ZÀi\w sN¿p¶Xn\mbn Øm]n¨ D]m[nbmWv {]hmNIXzhpw ZuXyhpw.

""AÃmlphn \n¶v Ahsâ hn[nhne¡pIfpambn Ahsâ ASnaIfnte¡v \ntbmKnXcmbhcmWv {]hmNI³amÀ''(AAvemap¶p_pÆ:t]Pv 49). \p_pƯv A\nhmcyamsW¶Xn\p Camw amhÀZn(d) A©p \ymb§fpw KpW§fpw AhXcn¸n¡p¶p­v:

H¶v. AÃmlp Xsâ ASnaIsf Bhiyamb \·Ifpw KpW§fpw sIm­v A\p{Kln¡p¶h\mWv. a\pjy_p²n¡v A{]m]yamb Imcy§Ä {]hmNI\ntbmKw hgn P\§Ä¡p e`yamhp¶p F¶Xn\m AXp am\pjyI¯n\v {kjvSmhv sN¿p¶ \·bmWv.

c­v. {]hmNI³amÀ kzÀK \cI {]Xn^e§sf¡pdn¨p ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xn\m \· {]hÀ ¯n¨p kzÀKw t\Sm\pw Xn³abn \n¶I¶v \cItamN\w km[n¡m\pw kmlNcyap­mhp¶p. krjvSnIÄ¡p \·tbmSnW§m\pw kXys¯ kzoIcn¡m\pw CXhkcsamcp¡p¶p.

aq¶v. Kp]vXamb ]e KpW§fpw ZqX³amÀ aptJ\bÃmsX Adnbm³ \nÀÆmlanÃ. _p ²nsIm­v a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbm¯ ]eXpw ZqX³amÀ aptJ\ t\Sm\mhp¶p.

\mev. AÃmlp CemlmsW¶ bmYmÀYyw Hcp aX¯nsâ km¶n²ys¯ XmÂ]cys¸Sp¶p­v. aXamIs«, AÃmlp G¸n¡p¶ D¯chmZn¯w P\§fntes¡¯n¡p¶ {] t_m[Iscs¡m­ÃmsX \S¡pIbnÃ.

A©v. XpeytbmKyXbpÅhtcmSv tbmPn¡m\pw kam\ khntijXbpÅhsc ]n´pScm \pw a\pjy_p²n X¿mdmhmXncn¡m\mWv IqSpX km[yX. AXn\mÂXs¶ Bcm[y\mbh³ \ntbmKn¨ ZqX³amÀ hgn Ahs\ A\pkcn¡m³ t{]cn¸n¡p¶XneqsS am{Xta a\pjysc GtIm]n¸n¡m³ km[n¡q. At¸mÄ ZqX³amÀ aptJ\bpÅ KpW§fmbncn¡pw kÀhhym]Iamb KpWw. Ahscs¡m­v \S¡p¶ GtIm]\ambncn¡pw kmÀh{XnIamb sFIyw. Ahscs¡m­v Xs¶ XÀ¡¯nsâbpw ]nW¡¯nsâbpw {]Xntcm[hpw \S¡pw (AAvemap¶q_pÆ:t]Pv 53,54).

{]hmNI³amcpsS \ntbmKw a\pjysâ {]IrXn]camb ZuÀ_ey§Ä¡p ]cnlmcamWv. kz`mh kwkvIcW¯n\pw bmYmÀYyt_m[hÂIcW¯n\pw AX\nhmcyamWv. {]hmNIcpsS  A`mh¯n Chsbm¶pw km[yamhnà F¶XmWv bmYmÀYyw.

\p_pƯns\ Hcp CS\nesb¶ AhØbn ho£n¡mhp¶XmWv; AYhm a\pjycp sSbpw AÃmlphnsâbpw CSbnepÅ a[yhÀ¯n. AXnsâ A`mh¯n krjvSnIÄ¡p {kjvSmhpambn kpXmcyhpw DZm¯hpamb _Ôw km[n¡pIbnÃ.

""AÃmlphnsâbpw Ahsâ krjvSnIÄ¡nSbnse _p²nbpÅhcpsSbpw CSbnepÅ a[yhÀ¯nXzamWv {]hmNIXzsa¶Xv'' (ZemCep¶p_pÆ;1/32).

AÃmlphnsâbpw Ahsâ Zmkcmbncnt¡­hcpsSbpw CSbnepÅ a[yhÀ¯n F¶ \n ebn  \nbpà\mhp¶ BÄ AXn\p tbmKy\mbncn¡Ww. PohnX¯n am{Xaà P·¯nepw {]IrXnbnepsaÃmw kaImekaql¯n \n¶p hyXncnàhpw DZm¯hpamb k hntijX D­mbncn¡Ww.

Cemlo Zm\w

{]hmNIXz]Zhn AÃmlp \ÂInbn«pÅXp Xsâ A\pKrloXcmb Zmk³amÀ¡mWv. A Xn ]mc¼cy¯nt\m ss]XrI¯nt\m {]tXyI ]cnKWsbm¶panÃ. ]nXm¡fnÂ\n¶p k´m\§fntet¡m ktlmZc\n \n¶p ktlmZc\ntet¡m AXp ssIamdpIbnÃ.  IqSpX kZvIÀ½§f\pjvTnt¨m XymK]qÀWamb PohnXw \bnt¨m {]m]n¡mhp¶ Xp aà AXv.

\nbpàcmb {]hmNI·mscÃmw AXmXp Ime¯v AXn\p tbmKyXbpÅhcmbncp¶psh¶Xv kaImenIÀ k½Xn¨XmWv. \ntbmK¯n\p ap¼pw  kpk½Xcpw k·mÀK PohnXw \bn¨hcpambncp¶p FÃmhcpw. kXyZo\ns\ hnfw_cs¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ am{XamWv P\§Ä¡v FXnÀ¸pIfp­mbncp¶Xv. {]hmNI·mcpsS ]hn{Xamb PohnXw B alÂ]Zhnbnte¡v XncsªSp¡s¸«Xnsâ e£Wambncp¶p.tIhew bmZrNvOnItam PohnX \nehmc¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nepÅtXm Bb Hcp XncsªSp¸Ãmbncp¶p AsXm¶pw.

kaql¯n ]ecpw t\Snbn«pÅ BZchpIfpw AwKoImc§fpw {]hmNIXz¯n\v Gä hpw AÀlÀ X§fmsW¶pÅ hnNmcw Nnecnep­m¡nbncp¶p. AhÀ AXp ]dbpIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. hnip² JpÀB\n AXp kqNn¸n¡p¶p­v. AXn\hÀ¡p adp]Snbpap­v. Atd_ybnse \m«p{]amWnamcmbncp¶ A_qPlvepw heoZp_v\p apKod¯pw Cu \n e]mSp kzoIcn¨hcmbncp¶p. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p:

""AhÀ (\m«p {]amWnamcmb ZpÀamÀKnIÄ)¡v ZrjvSm´sa¯nbt¸mÄ Ahcn§s\ ]dªp: AÃmlphnsâ ZqX³amÀ¡v \ÂIs¸«Xp t]msebpÅXp R§Ä¡pw \ÂIs¸«meÃmsX R§Ä hnizkn¡pIbnÃ. F¶m AÃmlphnsâ cnkme¯v FhnsS (BcnÂ) \nÝbn¡Wsa¶v Ah³ Xs¶bmtWähpw Adnbp¶h³. AXn{Iaw ImWn¡p¶hÀ X §fpsS h{Ihr¯n ImcWambn AÃmlphn¦Â \nµyXbpw thZ\mP\Iamb in£Ifpw A\p`hn¡p¶XmWv''( Bibw; A A³Bw:124).

ZqX³amÀ¡v e`yambn«pÅ Cu ]Zhn¡v AÀlÀ R§fmsW¶pw R§Ä¡mWXp e`nt¡­sX¶pw Hcp hn`mKhpw \p_pƯnsâ km£oIcW¯n\mbpÅ ZrjvSm´§Ä R§Ä¡pw e`n¡Wsa¶v thsdmcp hn`mKhpw Bhiys¸«ncp¶p. AXnsâ ]cnWXn Ahc\p`hn¡pI F¶ÃmsX Cu ]Zhn AhÀ¡v {]m]n¡m\mhnà F¶v Cu kqàw hy àam¡p¶p.

""heoZp_v\papKod¯v ]dªp: "AÃmlphmsW, {]hmNIXzw Hcp kXyambncps¶¦n apl½Zv(kz)s\¡mÄ AXnt\ähpw _Ôs¸«h³ Rm\mbncp¶p. ImcWw Rm³ [mcm fw k¼¯pw k´m\§fpw DÅh\mWv'. At¸mgmWv Cu kqàw AhXcn¸n¨Xv'' (X^vkoÀ dmkn: 13/124).

""A_qPlv ]dªp: _\q A_vZpa\m^v t{ijvT]ZhnIfn \s½ AXn{Ian¨p ]eXpw t\Snbn«p­v. Ct¸mÄ R§Ä Hcp t]msebmbncn¡p¶p. F¶n«pw Ahcn {]hmNIcps­¶pw hlvbv e`n¡p¶ps­¶pw ]dbp¶p. AÃmlphmsW, apl½Zn\p(kz) hlv bv hcp¶Xp t]mse R§Ä¡pw hlvbv hcmsX R§fm {]hmNIs\ ]n´pScpItbm Xr]vXns¸SpItbm sN¿nÃ'' (kz^vh¯p¯^mkoÀ 1/416).

a¡bnse AhnizmknIfpsS \ne]mSnXmbncp¶p. F¶m Bcn cnkme¯v \nÝbn¡Wsa¶v AÃmlphn\mWdnbpI. AX\pkcn¨pÅ Ahsâ XncsªSp¸mbncp¶p \_n (kz) X§Ä.

{]hmNIÀ a\pjycn \n¶p Xs¶

AhnizmknIÄ D¶bn¨ncp¶ asämcp hnIe hmZambncp¶p a\pjycn \n¶Ã {]hmNI\p­mth­Xv F¶Xv.kXyw AwKoIcn¡msX amdn\n¡p¶Xn\v Hcp \ymbw Is­¯pIbmbncp¶p AhÀ. bYmÀY¯n a\pjyÀ¡nSbn a\pjy{]hmNI³ am{Xta {]kàamhp¶pÅq. ImcWw a\pjycmb {]t_m[nXÀ¡v ap¼n {]Xy£s¸Sm\pw Ahsc \nc´c k¼À¡¯neqsSbpw  ]cnNcW¯neqsSbpw kwkvIcn¡m\pw AhcnsemcmÄ ¡p Xs¶bmWv IqSpX km[n¡pI. a\pjycn D¶Xhpw DZm¯hpw Akm[mcW hpamb hyIXn {]`mhw {]ISam¡nbhÀ am{Xw {]hmNI³amcmbn \ntbmKnXcmbXnse bpàn AXmWv.

Hcp aetIm atäsX¦nepw krjvSntbm {]hmNI\mbncps¶¦n AXnsâ (aeInsâ) Po hnX L«§fpw {]hÀ¯\§fpw A\p`hn¨dnbm³ aäp amÀK§fmhiyambn hcpw. Cu A\p`hkm[yXbp­mIp¶Xn\v Hcp ]t£ AXn\v/aeIn\v a\pjycq]w \ÂIpI F¶Xmbncn¡pw ]cnlmcw. At¸mÄ ]ns¶ AXp aeImtWm a\pjy\mtWm F¶p sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\pw hgnImtW­n hcpw. Npcp¡¯n a\pjycnÂ\n¶v XncsªSp¡s¸Sp¶hcpsS km¶n[yamWv cnkme¯nsâ  kpKaamb hgn.

""AÃmlp Hcp a\pjys\bmtWm ZqX\mbn \ntbmKn¨ncn¡p¶Xv F¶pÅ  kwkmcaÃm sX, (ZpÀ\ymbaÃmsX) asäm¶paÃ,  k³amÀKw F¯nbt¸mÄ AXn hnizkn¡p¶Xn\v AhÀ¡p XSÊambXv''(Bibw; A CkvdmAv þ94).

a\pjycn \n¶p {]hmNIsc \ntbmKn¡pI F¶Xv am\pjyI¯n\v AÃmlp sNbvX A\p{KlamsW¶p hnip² JpÀB\n  ]dªn«p­v.

A\nhmcyamb KpW§Ä

XncsªSp¡s¸«hsc¶Xv ]qÀ®amb AÀY¯n k^eamhWsa¦n D]cnkqNn¸n¨t]mse Xs¶ kmlNcytam kwkÀKtam kzm[o\n¡m¯, kpc£nXhpw kphyàhpamb ]cnNcWw e`n¨ncn¡Ww. ZuXy\nÀhlW cwK¯v {]Xn_Ôambn kzbwIrXm\ÀY§sfm¶pap­mhcpXv. ZpÈoe§tfmBt£]Icamb kao]\§tfm \ne]mSpItfm CÃm¯hcmbncn¡WahÀ. k¶²Xbpw kaÀ¸W at\m`mhhpw ss[jWnI ta·bpw D­mbncn¡Ww; AYhm {]hmNIXz¯nsâ XmXznIhpw {]mtbmKnIhpamb \ne\n¸p Xs¶ Nne KpW§Ä A\nhmcyam¡p¶p­v.

AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:""Ahsc \mw, \½psS \nÀt±im\pkcWw t\Àhgn ImWn¡p¶ t\Xm¡fm¡n \nÝbn¨ncn¡p¶p. Ahcnte¡v kÂ{]hÀ¯\§Ä¡p \nÀt±i§Ä \ÂInbncn¡p¶p. \nkvImcw \ne\ndp¯epw kIm¯v hn[nt]mse \ÂIepw (\nÀtZin¡s¸«n«p­v). AhÀ ]qÀWambn, \njvIf¦cmbn C_mZ¯v sN¿p¶hcmWv(Bibw; AÂA¼nbmDv: 73)

C_vdmlow(A)s\bpw k´m\§sfbpw ]cmaÀin¨ tijw {]hmNI³amÀ F¶ \nebn  AhcpsS ZuXyw F´mbncp¶p F¶p hnhcn¡pIbmWo kqà¯neqsS.amXrImtbmKycmIphm³ AhÀ¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂInbncp¶p F¶Xn\ÀYw AhÀ A§s\ Bbncp ¶p F¶mWv. {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xnsâ {]mtbmKnI cq]w AhcpsS PohnX¯n {]ISambncp¶p. \yq\Xsbm¶pw hcp¯msXbpw hnizmk¯n\v If¦ta¡msXbpw AhÀ ]qÀWambpw AÃmlphn\p hnt[bs¸«p Ignªncp¶p F¶Xp hyàamWv.

]qÀÆ {]hmNI³amÀ {]ISn¸n¨Xpw kzoIcn¨Xpamb Bß in£W]camb \ne]mSpIsf¡pdn¨pw AXn\mbpÅ \nÀt±i§sf¡pdn¨pw hnip² JpÀB\n [mcmfambn  Im Wmw. {]IrXn]camb tNmZ\IÄ {]hmNI³amÀ¡pw DÅXmWv. AhcnS]gIp¶Xv a\pjytcmSmbXn\m A¶ ]m\mZnIfnepw PohnXmhiy§fnepw A\nhmcyambpw Adnªncnt¡­ ioehpw coXnbpw amXrImtbmKyambhXcn¸n¡m³ km[n¡p¶ s]mXphmb amÀKw Xs¶bmWv Ahcnepap­mbncp¶Xv. F¶m A\nhmcyamb kab§fn  Aam \pjnIhpw Akm[mcWhpamb amÀtKW AhcpsS Pohkpc£¡pw {]t_m[\ hnPb¯n\pw kwhn[m\samcp¡n A\p{Kln¨n«pap­v.

AÃmlp \ÂIp¶ Aam\pjnI kn²nIÄ D]tbmKn¨v kzPohnXw kpc£nXam¡m³ Ahcmcpw X¿mdmhmXncp¶Xnse bpàn AXmsW¶v a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. hyàn]camb KpW§Ä¡mbn D]tbmKn¡m\pÅXà Aam\pjnI, Akm[mcW IgnhpIÄ. AXv {]t_m[\ {][m\amWv. AXpsIm­vXs¶ {]hmNI³amcmcpw Ah kz´w PohnXkpJ¯n\p]tbmKs¸Sp¯nbnÃ. {]t_m[\w F¶ AXnal¯mb ZuXy\nÀhlW¯n¶v A \nhmcyamb Nne KpW§fp­v. AXp  bmsXmcp \yq\XbpanÃm¯hn[w Ahcnep­mbncnt¡­Xp­v. hyànXz¯nsâ {]`mhw Ipdbv¡p¶ \yq\XIÄ Ahcn D­mhm\pw ]mSnÃ.

A\nhmcyamb KpW§Ä \mse®amsW¶p hnizmk, BZÀi imkv{XimJ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶p: kXykÔX, hnizkvXX, IqÀ½_p²n, {]t_m[\w sN¿Â F¶nhbmWh. ]m]clnXamb ]hn{XXbpw, \ockap­m¡p¶ \yq\X, tcmK§Ä XpS§nbh CÃmXncn¡epw {]t_m[\w sN¿s¸Sp¶ hnjbs¯ t\cn«p _m[n¡m¯Xn\m kzn^¯pIfpsS Iq«¯nÂs]Sp¯nbn«nÃ. CXpw AhÀ¡p­mbncp¶ KpW§fmbncp¶p. {]t_m[\¯n\mbn \nÀt±in¡s¸« Imcy§Ä ad¡msX a\Ên kq£n¡m\mhiyamb IqÀ½_p²n, CÃm¯Xv {]t_m[\w \S¯m³ Iq«m¡m¯ kXykÔX, Iq«nbpw Ipd¨pw IeÀ¯nbpw Xncnadn \S¯nbpw {]t_m[\ Imcy§Ä  \S¯m³ Xp\nbmXncn¡m³ t{]cn¸n¡p¶ hnizkvXX, \nÀt±in¡s¸«Xv {]t_m[\w sN¿p¶Xn XmÂ]cyhpw k¶²Xbpw D­mhpI, {]t_m[\w \nÀhnLv\w \S¯pI F¶nh {]t_m[\Imcy¯n t\cn«nSs]Sp¶XmWv. AXn\m Xs¶ CXnsâ t\sc hn]coX§fmb Imcy§Ä Ahcn Akw`hyambncn¡p¶XmWv.

]m]kpc£nXXzw

Ifhv ]dbpI, h©\ \S¯pI, ]qgv¯nsh¡pI F¶o ZpÀKpW§Ä am{XaÃ; CXc Zp ÀKpW§sfm¶pw Xs¶ {]hmNIcn D­mhm³ ]mSnÃ. AXhcpsS hyànXz¯n\v \yq \X hcp¯p¶XmWv. \yq\XbpÅhÀ amXrImtbmKycmbncn¡pIbnÃ. {]hmNI³amsc kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw AhcpsS ZuXyw amÀKZÀi\amWv. AXn\m Xs¶ ZuXy\nÀhlW¯n AhÀ¡v hnPbn¡m³ km[n¡Wsa¦n {]mtbmKnIamb amXrImPohnXw B hiyamWv. AXv {]hmNI³amcpsS PohnX¯n D­mbncp¶n«pap­v. {]hmNI³amÀ ]q À®ambpw ]m]kpc£nXcmsW¶ hnizmkamWv AlvepÊp¶¯nh PamA¯n¶pÅXv. 

{]hmNI³amÀ AhcpsS D¯chmZnXz \nÀÆlW¯nsâ `mKambn sNbvX Imcy§sf, i{XpX]cambn kao]n¡pIbpw FXnÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXp F¶ÃmsX, AhÀ ]m]§Ä F s´¦nepw sNbvXXmbn kaImei{Xp¡Ä t]mepw Btcm]n¨ncp¶nÃ. F¶m hÀ¯am\ Ime¯v kz´w amÀKZÀiIcmbn kzoIcnt¡­ {]hmNI³amsc¡pdn¨v A\mhiyamb XÀ¡hnXÀ¡§Ä  \S¯ns¡m­ncn¡p¶Xv F´n\msW¶Xv ZpÀ{KlamWv. B imkyIcaÃm¯ C {]hWX Ahkm\n¸nt¡­XmWv. hnip² JpÀB\nepw lZokn epw ImWp¶ Nne {]tbmK§Ä tIheh¡cn¡p¶Xv ZpxJIcamWv. kw`h§Ä¡pw {]tbmK§Ä¡pw kmlNcyhpw ]ivNm¯ehpap­mhpw. Ahsb ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n bmWh a\Ênemt¡­Xv.

_lpapJ ZuXyw

{]hmNI³amcpsS ZuXy¯n\p hyXykvXamb apJ§fp­v. AhtbsXms¡sb¶p ]cntim[n¡mw:

XuloZv

a\pjysc {kjvSmhmb AÃmlphns\ am{Xw C_mZ¯v sN¿p¶Xnte¡p £Wn¡p¶hcmbncp¶p {]hmNI³amscÃmw. FÃmhcpsSbpw ZuXy¯nse {]m[m\ e£yw CXpXs¶bmbncp¶p.

""Rm\ÃmsX Cemlnsöpw F\n¡p \n§Ä C_mZ¯v sN¿Wsa¶papÅ bmYmÀYyw hlvbmbn Adnbn¡s¸«n«nÃm¯ Hcp ZqXs\bpw At§¡p ap¼p \mw \ntbmKn¨n«nÃ'' (Bibw; AÂA¼nbmAv: 25).

hn[nhne¡pIÄ

AÃmlphn hnizkn¡pIbpw Ahsâ Zmk³amcmbn¯ocpIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ PohnX¯n {]hÀ¯nt¡­Xpw hÀÖnt¡­Xpw sFOnIambXpw A\phZ\obambXpsa Ãmw Adntb­Xp­v. AXnsâ ASnØm\¯n PohnXw {IaoIcnIpt¼mtg Hcp ASna F¶ hntijW¯n¶ÀlamhpIbpÅp. AXn\m Xsâ PohnXs¯ {]]©\mY\p hn t[bamt¡­ coXnbdnbWw. AXv Adnbnt¡­Xp {]hmNI³amcpsS ZuXyamWv. a\pjy³ A`napJoIcnt¡­n hcp¶ GXp Xcw kmlNcy§sfbpw DÄs¡mÅp¶ \nba§fpambmWv  {]hmNIÀ \nbpIvXcmbn«pÅXv.

""AhÀ AÃmlphn \n¶pÅ ktµi§sf(\nba \nÀt±i§sf P\§Ä¡p) {]t_m[\w sN¿p¶hcmbncp¶p. AhÀ AÃmlphns\ `bs¸SpIbpw AÃmlphns\bÃmsX a sämcmsfbpw `bs¸SmXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p'' (Bibw; AÂAlvkm_v.39).

kÂkcWn

a\pjy³ COmkzmX{´yapÅh\mWv. F¶m Xsâ hnizmk¯nsâ ]qÀ¯oIcW¯n \v Cu B{Kl§sf \nb{´n¡m³ hnizmkn _m[yØ\mWv. ZpÀtaml§fp­mhpIbpw AXp km£m¡cn¡p¶Xn\p ZpÀamÀKahew_n¡pIbpw sNbvXpIqSm. At¸mÄ Hcp kZmNmc ZpcmcNmc hnNn´\¯nsâ {]kàn DbÀ¶phcp¶p. AlnX§fmb hm¡pw {]hr¯nbpw hnNmchpw \nb{´n¡m³ Ahsc amÀKZÀi\w sN¿pI F¶Xpw {]hmNI·mcpsS ZuXyamWv.  Bhiyamb Xm¡oXpIfpw ip`hmÀ¯Ifpw \ÂIpIbpw \·bpsS {]Imiw ]c¯p¶ PohnXw ImWn¨p sImSp¡pIbpw sN¿WahÀ. \_n(kz) X§fpsS \ntbmK¯nsâ e£y§Ä Cu kqàw hnfw_cw sN¿p¶p­v: 

""Hm {]hmNItc, \nÝbambpw A§sb \mw km£nbpw kphmÀ¯ \ÂIp¶hcpw Xm ¡oXp sN¿p¶hcpw AÃmlphnte¡v Ahsâ A\paXn {]Imcw P\§sf £Wn¡p¶hcpw {]Imiw ]c¯p¶ Zo]hpambn \ntbmKn¨ncn¡p¶p''(Bibw; AÂAlvkm_v; 45, 46).

aäp {]hmNI·msc¡pdn¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§fnepw C¯cw kXyamÀ¤ZÀi\ \nÀt±i§Ä ImWmhp¶XmWv.

\ncp]a amXrI

{]kvXpX Bb¯n \_n(kz) X§sf {]Imiw ]c¯p¶ Zo]t¯mSp]an¨n«p­v. FÃmhÀ¡pw Bhmln¡m³ am{Xw hym]vXnbpw  {]`mhhpapÅXmWv \_n(kz) X§fn \n ¶p {]kcn¡p¶ {]Imiw. amXrIbmbn Ahew_n¡m\mhp¶Xv F¶ÀYw. A¼nbm¡sfÃmw AXmXpImes¯ P\§Ä¡p  amXrIIfmbncp¶p. A\pIcWobamb PohnXamWhscÃmhcpw \bn¨ncp¶Xv.

DZm¯amb kZvKpW§Ä¡p amXrIIfpsS km¶n[yap­mhpt¼mgmWv IqSpX kzoImcyX e`n¡p¶Xv. AXn\m Xs¶ km[yamb taJeIfnseÃmw amXrIbmhp¶Xn\v D]Icn¡p¶ PohnX {IaoIcWamWhcn AÃmlp \S¯nbXv. \ncp]ahpw AXypZm¯hpamb amXrI \_n(kz)bpsS PohnX¯nsâ FÃm taJeIfnepw ImWmhp¶XmWv.

""\n§Ä¡v AÃmlphnsâ ZqX\n D¯aamb amXrIbp­v; AÃmlphns\bpw A´y\mfns\bpw {]Xo£n¡p¶hÀ¡v''(Bibw; AÂAlvkm_v :21).

AÃmlphnepw A´y\mfnepw hnizmkapÅhsc kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw {]Xn^e {]Xo£ bpw in£sb¡pdn¨pÅ `bhpw D­mhp¶XmWv. A§s\bpÅhÀ \_n(kz) X§sf amXrIbmt¡­XmWv. hnizmknbpsS ]mc{XnI hnPb¯nsâ D]m[nbmWXv. sFlnIamb hnPbhpw kt´mjhpw B{Kln¡p¶hÀ¡pw {]mtbmKnIamb PohnX hgnbmWv ZqX³amÀ AhXcn¸n¨Xv.

a\pjy³ FhnsS\n¶v, F§s\ h¶p? F´n\p h¶p? FhntS¡p, t]mhp¶p? C¯cw tNmZy§Ä¡v {]hmNI·mÀ D¯cw \ÂInbn«p­v. {]Yaa\pjy\mb BZw(A)sâ kr jvSn¸ns\¡pdn¨pw XpSÀ¶p­mb hwihÀ²\hns\¡pdn¨pw a\pjyÀ¡v t_m[\w \ Inbn«p­v. {]]©\mYsâ AXyp¯a krjvSnbmb a\pjy³ kz´w \mYs\ alXzs¸Sp¯p¶ PohnXcoXn kzoIcn¡Wsa¶ \nÀt±iap­mbn. tIhe `uXnI temI¯n\¸pdw A\´ hnimeamb ]ctemIt¯¡mWv a\pjysâ bm{Xsb¶pw AhntS¡pÅ A´na k¼qÀ®{]thiw \S¡pI A´y\mfnemsW¶pw a\pjys\ {]hmNI·mÀ ]Tn¸n¡pIbp­mbn.

Xsâ {]IrXn¡pw BIrXn¡pw ]cnanXn¡psam¯v {]]©\mY\v hn\oX hnt[b\mbncn ¡pI F¶ AhØbnte¡p a\pjys\ \bn¡m\p]Icn¡p¶ t_m[\§Ä AhÀ \S¯pIbp­mbn. ZpÀ\S¸nsâbpw Nn´miq\yXbpsSbpw ^eambn ]ctemI¯v A`napJoIcnt¡­nhcp¶ in£IÄ AhÀ temI¯n\p ]Tn¸n¨p. Cu DÂt_m[\s¯¡pdn¨v a \pjytcmSpw Pn¶pItfmSpw  A´y\mfn tNmZn¡p¶Xns\¡pdn¨v JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p:

""a\pjytc, Pn¶pItf, Fsâ ZrjvSm´§Ä(\nÀt±i§fpw ]mT§fpw) \n§Ä¡p hnhcn¨pXcp¶hcpw Cu Zn\¯nse I­pap«ens\¡pdn¨p \n§Ä¡p ap¶dnbn¸p \ÂIp¶ hcpamb ZqX·mÀ \n§fn \n¶p Xs¶, \n§Ä¡p h¶nÃmbncpt¶m? (At¸mÄ) AhÀ ]dbpw: R§Ä R§Äs¡Xnsc Xs¶ km£n \n¡p¶p''(Bibw; A A³Bw: 130).

Clhpw ]chpw

`uXnI temI¯n\pw hn`h§Ä¡pw Nne amkvacnIXIfp­v. AXn a[pcXchpw B IÀjIhpamb ]eXpap­v. Cu BIÀjIXz¯nsâ kzm[o\Xbm AXnsâ D]mkIcmbn amdm\pÅ km[yX IqSpXemWv. hn`h§fpsS _mlyamb AhØ am{Xw {i²n¡pIbpw kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xn\memWnXv kw`hn¡p¶Xv. CXp ImcWw bYmÀ Y e£yw hnkvacn¡s¸t«¡pw. C¯cw  kmlNcy¯n a\pjy\miamWv kw`hn¡pI. AXn\m Xs¶ `uXnI temI¯nsâbpw hn`h§fpsSbpw \nPØnXnbpw ]mc{Xn I temI¯nsâ ta·bpw t_m[ys¸t¯­X\nhmcyambn hcp¶p. alm³amcmb {]hmNI³amÀ \nÀÆln¡p¶XnXmWv. hnip²JpÀB³ Cu bmYmÀYy¯nte¡v a\pjy {i² £Wn¡p¶Xn§s\bmWv: ""Cu `uXnI PohnXw hnt\mZhpw t\ct¼m¡paÃmsX asäm¶paÃ; \nÝbw, ]mc{XnI temIw; AXs{X kPohambXv. AhcXdnbpambncps¶¦nÂ'' (Bibw; AÂA³I_qXv: 64).

sFlnI PohnX¯nsâ AhØsb Ifnbpw Xamibpsa¶p hntijn¸n¨Xv hfsc AÀY h¯mWv. AXmbXv IfnIÄ¡pw XamiIÄ¡pw AXntâXmb ]cnkam]vXnbp­v; ss\ anjnIhpw £WnIhpambncn¡paXv. CS]gIpt¼mÄ am{Xw BkzmZyamhp¶Xv F¶ ]cnanXnbpw Ahbv¡p­v. sFlnI PohnXw CS]gIpt¼mÄ XmÂImenIambn kpJIchpw BkzmZyhpamImw; F¶m AXv imizXambncn¡nÃ. Nne hnt\mZ§Ä Xs¶ kpJIcaÃm¯ ]cnWXnbnse¯nbn«pap­mhpw. F¶m ]ctemIw A§s\bÃ; AXn A\´amb kpJZpxJ§fmWpÅXv. AXn\m Xs¶ `uXnIXbn apgpImsX ]mc{XnI kpJ k¼qÀ®X¡mbn {]hÀ¯n¡Wsa¶pw {]hmNIÀ DÂt_m[\w \S¯n.

Hcp kwibw

ChnsS Hcp kwibapbcmw. kÀhià\mb AÃmlphn\v P\§sf t\Àhgnbn \S¯m³ F´n\mWp {]hmNIÀ? Hmtcmcp¯scbpw t\Àhgnbn {]IrXym k©cn¸n¨m t]mtc? {]hmNI\ntbmKw {kjvSmhv kÀÆià\msW¶ hntijW¯n\p \yq\X hcp¯¶pXmsW¶v tZymXn¸n¡p¶XmWo tNmZyw. bYmÀY¯n CXv  a\pjysâ AkvXnXz {][m\amb KpWhntijs¯ \ntj[n¡emWv. Asæn AÚXbmWv.

CXcPohnIfnÂ\n¶p a\pjy\pÅ khntijXbmWv COmkzmX{´yw. BtemNn¡m\pw Xocpam\n¡m\pw A\phÀ¯n¡m\papÅ kzmX´yamWhs\ \³a Xn³aIfpsS kzoIcW \ncmIcW¯n\p tbmKy\m¡p¶Xv. C¯cw kmlNcy¯n GsX¦nepw Hcp hgnsb  {]IrXn]cambn sXfn¡s¸SpIsb¶m AXn\ÀYw Ah³ kzX{´\à F¶p IqSnbm Wv. A§s\sbmchØbn \·Xn·IÄt¡m c£min£IÄt¡m {]kànbpap­mhnÃ. AXv sIm­v Xs¶ a\pjy\p ap¶n \·bpw Xn·bpw thÀXncn¨hXcn¸n¡s¸SpI tbm  a\Ênem¡m\hkcap­mhpItbm thWw.

\·bpw Xn·bpw a\Ên tXm¶n¸n¨v AXn \n¶v CjvSapÅXv XncsªSp¡m\hkcw \ÂInbm ]cnlmcamhnÃ. ImcWw COmkzmX{´y¯nsâ ^eambn AXn Gä¡pd¨n hcp¯m³ km[n¡pw. AXpt]mse  \·sb Xn·bmbn AhXcn¸n¡m\pw Ignbpw. asämcmÄ¡v AXv Xncp¯m³ km[n¡msXbpw hcpw.

Npcp¡¯n GsX¦nepw Hcp hgnbnepsS am{Xw a\pjys\ k©cn¸n¡p¶Xv COmkzmX{´yw XIÀ¡p¶XmWv. \· Xn·IÄ a\Ên tXm¶n¸n¨v XncsªSp¡m³ kzmX{´yw \ÂIp¶Xv COmkzmX´y¯nsâ Zpcp]tbmK¯n\p ImcWamhpIbpw sN¿pw. AXn\m  CXp c­pw IcWobaÃ. C¯cw {]XnkÔnsb AXnPohn¡m\pÅ bpàamb amÀKamWv {]hmNI \ntbmKw. FÃmhÀ¡pw kp]cnNnX\mb HcmÄ FÃmhtcmSpambn kXyw {]kvXmhn¡pI. AXn\p hncp²ambXv hyàam¡pI F¶XmWnXneqsS km[yamIp¶Xv. BÀ¡pw CjvSm\pkcWw Iq«m\pw Ipdbv¡m\pw AhkcanÃm¯ hn[w ]ckyam¡s¸«Xn\m ChnsS COmkzmX´y¯nsâ Zpcp]tbmKw \S¡nÃ. \S¶m Xs¶ AXp Xncn¨dnbm³ km[n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.

Bsc¦nepw ASnt¨Â¸n¡pItbm \nÀ_Ôn¡pItbm sNbvXp F¶ ]cnanXnbpap­mhnÃ. COmkzmX´yw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯m\pw AXSnØm\¯n {]Xn^ew t\Sm\pw Ahkcap­mhpIbpw sN¿pw. FÃmhÀ¡pw kXyw kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\v Hcp tI{µw F¶ Øn Xn hs¶¦nte AXn\p sI«pd¸p­mhpIbpÅp. \ntbmKnXcmb apgph³ {]hmNI³amcnepw AhcpsS kaql¯nepw CXnsâ ^e§Ä {]ISambn«p­v.

apAvPnk¯pIÄ

{]hmNI³amcnepsS AÃmlp shfns¸Sp¯p¶ Aam\pjnI kn²nIfmWv apAvPnk¯pIÄ. FÃm {]hmNI³amÀ¡pw   Htc Xc¯nepÅ apAvPnk¯pIfmbncp¶nà \ÂInbn cp¶Xv. AXmXpImes¯ {it²bamb taJebnse Akm[yXIsf AXnPbn¡p¶ A XyÂ`qX§fmbncp¶p {][m\ambpw apAvPnk¯pIÄ. DZmlcW¯n\v aqkm(A)ans\ FSp¡mw. At±l¯nsâ cwK{]thiw amcWhpw B`nNmchpw {]Nmcw t\SpIbpw Ip Snepw sIm«mchpw AhbpsS \ocmfn¸nSp¯¯neIs¸SpIbpw sNbvX  Ime¯mbncp¶p. Fs´¦nepw am[yaam¡n I¬sI«p¶ Hcp Xcw ambmPmeambncp¶p A¡me¯p­mbncp¶Xv.

AhÀ¡nSbnte¡p \ntbmKnX\mb apkm(A)\v hSn ]m¼m¡p¶Xpw ssI {]Imin¡p¶Xpamb apAvPnk¯pIÄ AÃmlp \ÂIn. AXn\p ap¼n A¡mes¯ amcW¡mÀ ASn]XdpIbp­mbn. XÂ^eambn Ahcn ]ecpw kXyhnizmknIfmbn¯oÀ¶p. X§fpsS {]hr¯nIfpsS ASnØm\w I¬sI«v am{XamsW¶dnbmhp¶ AhÀ aqkm \_n(A)tâXv  A§s\bsöp Xncn¨dnbpIbmbncp¶p.

Cukm \_n(A)sâ ImeL«w tcmK NnInÕmcwK¯v hnZKv[cmbhcpsS Imeambncp¶p. Nne hnjaIcamb tcmK§Ä t`Zs¸Sp¯nbhÀ B t]cn P\§sf NpjWw sN bvXpsIm­ncp¶p. AhÀ¡nSbn  cwK¯p h¶ Cukm(A) amdm tcmKsa¶p IcpXs¸«ncp¶ shŸm­v  kpJs¸Sp¯pIbpw AXv Hcp NqjtWm]m[nbm¡msX BXpc tk h\ \ncXamb PohnXw \bn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. P·\mbpÅ AÔXbpw At±lw t`Zs¸Sp¯n.  acWs¸«hsc Pohn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

\½psS \_n(kz) X§fptSXv kmlnXy ]ptcmKXnbpsS ImeL«ambncp¶p. A¡me s¯ kmlnXy k{am«pIsfbpw BkzmZIscbpw ap«pIp¯n¡p¶XmWv hnip²JpÀB sâ kmlnXyssh`hw. kmlnXy¯n\p HcpXcw  \mKcnI]cnthjap­v. [njWm]camb a\pjysâ hyhlmcs¯ AXv kPoham¡n \ne\nÀ¯p¶p. hnip² JpÀB³ {]]©\mit¯mfw \ne\nÂt¡­XmWv. AXn\m Xs¶ AXnPbn¡m\mhm¯ kmlnXy ta ³a JpÀBs\¶pap­v. JpÀB\pbÀ¯nb kam\ cN\¡mbpÅ shÃphnfn C¶pw \ne\n¡pIbmWv. JpÀB\nsâ Aam\pjnI `mhw kmlnXy ta·bn am{Xw ]cnanXs¸Sp¯pIbÃ. adn¨v AXnsâ F¡mes¯bpw AXypÖzeamb Hcp `mhs¯  {]tXyIw kq Nn¸n¡pIbmWv. JpÀB³ apgps¡bpw Aam\pjnIamWv; A£chpw Bibhpw ssi enbpw LS\bpw {IahpsaÃmw.

kmlNcytI{µoIcWw

{]hmNIXz ZuXy¯nsâ hnPb{]m]vXn¡v A\nhmcyamb kmlNcy§Ä C¯cw IgnhpIfneqsS AÃmlp kwhn[m\n¨n«p­v. AhcpsS PohnX {]IrXn {IaoIcn¡s¸«Xpw A §s\ Xs¶bmWv. Cukm(A)sâ PohnXw hnebncp¯n t\m¡mw:

At±lw ]nXmhnÃmsXbmWv ]nd¡p¶Xv .AXv Zpcmtcm]W§Ä¡nSbm¡ntb¡msa¶Xn\m sXm«nen \n¶p Xs¶  Xm³ AÃmlphnsâ Zmk\msW¶v At±lw {]Jym]n¨p. _\q C{kmCuen  Hcp {]hmNI IpSpw_¯nsâ tijn¸v CÃmXncn¡m³ At±lw hnhmlmX\mbnÃ. ZpÀ\ymb§fpambn \S¡p¶hcpw Xsâ t]cn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hcp amb BfpIfpsS I]SapJw A\mhcWw sN¿p¶Xn\mbn  At±lw C\nbpw cwKs¯¯pw. AXn\mbn At±lw  hm\temIt¯¡pbÀ¯s¸«p. A´y\mfSp¡pt¼mÄ Cd§nhcpw. Xm³ hfsc IqSpXembn ip`hmÀ¯bdnbn¨ {]hmNIt\Xmhnsâ A\pbmbn F ¶ ]Zhn A[nIambn t\Spw. hfsc Ipd¨mfpIÄ am{Xw A\pbmbnIfmbn«p­mbncp¶ At±l¯n\p apl½Zv \_n(kz) X§fpsS A\pbmbnIfn ZÖmensâ IpX{´¯n \n¶p c£s¸«htcmsSm¸w Kncnhmkhpw AhcpsS t\XrXzhpw \ÂIn BZcn¡s¸Spw.

amXm]nXm¡fpsS acWw, ssiihw, _meyw, Iuamcw, hnhmlw XpS§n PohnX¯nsâ FÃmtaJeIfnepw \_n(kz) X§Ä A´y{]hmNIcmsW¶ \nebnepÅ {IaoIcW§Ä ImWmw.