tNm:
IrjnbpsS kImXv
Bscms¡bmWv sImSpt¡Xv? kImXv hnlnXw F{XbmWv?
D: h³InS IÀjIcmWv
CkvemanI ho£W¯n kImXv sImSpt¡Xv. sN dpInS IÀjIÀ kImXv
sImSpt¡XnÃ. ""Imc¡bnepw, (sXmenbn kq£n¡p¶XÃm¯) [m\y¯nepw A©v
hkvJv F¯p¶Xphsc kImXnÃ'' (apkvenw). A©v hkvJv F¶m 300 kzmAv.
aq¶v enädpw 200 an. enädpamWv Hcp kzmA.v At¸mÄ 300 kzmAv 960
enädmWv. s\Ãv sXmenbn kq£n¡p¶Xn\m AXnsâ IW¡v ]¯v hkvJmWv.
AXmbXv 1920 enäÀ. Dan Ifª A ©v hkvJv e`n¡m\mWnXv. 1920 enäÀ s\Ãp
hnfbp¶ IÀjI\mWv Xsâ Ir jn¡pthn kImXv sImSpt¡Xv. AXn Ipdª
hnfshSp¡p¶ IÀjIÀ¡v Ckvemw kImXns\s¯m«v Cfhv \ÂInbn«pv.
hÀj¯n 960 enäÀ [m\y§Ä
hnfbp¶ IÀjIÀ Xsâ ImÀjnI hcpam\¯nsâ ]¯p iXam\amWv kImXmbn \ÂtIXv.
Irjn hfÀ¯m³ PetkN\w hgn Nnehv h¶n«ps¦n A©v iXam\w kImXv \ÂInbmÂ
aXn.
FÃm Irjn¡pw kImXv
sImSpt¡XnÃ. ]g§fn temI \nehmcapÅXpw DW¡n kq£n¡mhp¶Xpamb Imc¡,
ap´ncn F¶nh¡p am{XamWv kImXpÅXv. AhbÃm¯ ]g§Ä IrjnsN¿p¶hÀ kImXv
sImSpt¡XnÃ. apJymlmcamb `£y[m\y§Ä Irjn sN¿p¶hcpw kImXv sImSp¡Ww.
ChbÃm ¯ Irjn¡v kImXv sImSpt¡XnÃ. ]t£, A{]ImcapÅ ImÀjntImXv]¶§Ä
hnäpIn«p¶ ]Ww kImXnsâ XpI XnIbpIbpw tijw hÀjw ]qÀ ¯nbmhpIbpw
sNbvXm B kwJy¡v IÀjIÀ kImXv sImSp¡Ww. AXv IrjnbpsS kIm¯Ã.
PetkNnXw
tNm:
]¼pskäv sImv \\¨pw agsImv \\ªpapmb Irjn¡v F{XbmWv kImXv
sImSpt¡Xv?
D: ]¼pskäpsImv \\¨pm¡nbXnsâ
A©v iXam\hpw agsImv \\ªpmbXnsâ ]¯v iXam\hpw kImXv sImSp¡Ww.
cphn[¯nepÅ \ \hpw H¶n\p`hn¨p sImv hfÀ¶pmb IrjnbmsW¦n kImXns\
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw hyXymkapmIpw. cp \\hpw Xpey AfhnemsW¦n Im ÀjnI
hnfbpsS ]¯nsem¶nsâ \men aq¶p`mKw kImXv sImSp¡Ww. DZmlcW¯n\v \qdv
Nm¡v s\ÃpmbXv agshÅhpw ]¼pskäv shÅhpw Xpey Afhn e`n¨msW¦n Ggc
Nm¡v s\Ãv kImXv sImSp¡Ww.
C\n cnsemcp Pew atäXns\¡mÄ
IqSnbm AhnsS AXXp hnlnXw t\m ¡n kImXv sImSp¡Ww. hyXykvX C\w IrjnIfmIpt¼mÄ
Hmtcm Øe ¯pw GXp hn`mKw IrjnbmtWm DÅXv AXn\\pkcn¨mWv kImXv
IW¡mt¡Xv. Hcp Irjn¡v cp hn[¯nepÅ \\hv e`n¨m AhnsS IrjnbpsS \ne\n¸n\pw
hfÀ¨¡pw GXp \\hmWv IqSpX klmbIsa¶v t\m¡n hnlnXw IW¡m¡Ww.
sehnbpw Cfhpw
tNm:
`£y £maapÅ hÀj§fn IÀjI\n \n¶p \nÀ_Ô sehn Kh¬ saâv CuSm¡mdpv.
IqSmsX ]mS¯n\v `q\nIpXn sImSp¡pIbpw thWw. C ¯cw L«¯n IÀjI³
kImXnsâ ]nSn¯¯n \n¶p apà\mhptam?
D: CÃ. P·n¡v sImSpt¡ ]m«w,
Kh¬saân\v ASt¡ sehn, \nIpXn, hmSI, hbensâ hmSI Chsbm¶pw kImXnsâ
]nSn¯¯n \n¶pw IÀjIs\ apà\m¡nÃ. BsI hnfª IrjnbpsS kImXv IW¡m¡n
hnXcWw sNbvXXn\p tijapÅXn \n¶ÃmsX {]kvXpX hnlnX§Ä \ÂIcpXv.
apbpw _kvaXnbpw
tNm:
Hcp hÀjw hnhn[bn\w s\Ãv Irjn sNbvXm AhbnÂ
Hmtcm C\hpw kImXnsâ Afhv Ft¯Xptm? kImXv sImSp¡pt¼mÄ GXv C\amWv
\ÂtIXv?
D: Hcp hÀjs¯ hnfhv ]ebn\w
s\ÃmsW¦n Ah Hmtcm C\hpw Hcpan¨pIq«n Afhv ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶ptm F¶v t\mt¡XmWv.
Hcp C\¯nse s\Ãv Afhv ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶nsæn ASp¯ C\w AXnte¡v Iq«Ww.
Hmtcm C\¯n\pw kImXv \ÂtIXv AXmXv C\¯nsâ hnlnXa\pkcn¨mWv. GXv C\amtWm
IqSpXepÅXv kImXv hnlnX¯n B C\ambncn¡pw IqSpXepmhpI.
sjtbgvUv
tNm:
\mep hyànIÄ H¶n¨p ]WsaSp¯v Hcp IrjnbnSw
hm§n AhnsS AhÀ Hcpan¨p Irjnbpw XpS§n. hnfshSp¯t¸mÄ kImXnsâ \nkzm_v
Dv. ]t£, Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw AhchcpsS hnlnXw Xncn¨m \nkzm_nÃ. F¶mÂ
AXn\v kImXv \nÀ_ÔamIptam?
D: HcmÄ kz´amtbm ]ecpw
H¶nt¨m Irjn sN¿pIbpw AXn \n¶pÅ DXv]¶w \nkzm_v F¯pIbpw sNbvXmÂ
AXn\v kImXpv. Hmtcmcp¯cpw kz´ambn Irjn sN¿pIbpw BÀ¡pw \nkzm_v
CÃmXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXm Bcpw kImXv sImSpt¡XnÃ.
Xcnip `qan
tNm:
A¼Xv G¡À Øew Hcp IrjnbpanÃmsX InS¡p¶p. B `qan¡v
kImXptm?
D: Øew F{X G¡À Ds¦nepw
AXn\v kImXnÃ. Irjnbps¦n Irjn ¡v am{XamWv kImXpÅXv. Øe¯n\nÃ.
hnf \new
tNm:
Hcp hÀj¯n H¶ne[nIw hnfhpmIp¶ HcmÄ¡v FÃm
hnfhnepw IqSn kImXnsâ Afhv ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶pv. F¶m B hyàn AXmXv
hnfhnsâ IW¡\pkcn¨v kImXv sImSp¡m³ ]äptam? \nkzm_v F¯p¶Xn\pap¼v
kImXv sImSp¯m AXv km[phmIptam?
D: \nkzm_v (\nÝnX Afhv)
]qÀ¯nbmbXnsâ tijamWv Irjn¡v kImXv \nÀ_ÔamIp¶Xv. BZy hnfshSp¸nsâ
kab¯v \nkzm_v ]qÀ¯nbmbn«nsæn At¸mÄ kImXv \nÀ_ÔanÃ. Hcp hnlnXw
AXn \n¶p \ÂInbm  AXv kIm¯mhpIbpanÃ. B hÀj¯nse aäp hnfIÄ sImv
\nkzm_v ]qÀ¯nbmb tijw FÃmän\pw IqSn kImXv sImSp¡pIbmWv thXv (^XmhÂ
Ip_vd 2/39).
sImbv¯v Iqen
tNm:
sImbv¯v Iqen Ign¨pÅXn\mtWm kImXv
sImSpt¡Xv?
D: AÃ. km[mcW s\Ãv
sImbvsXSp¡p¶Xnsâ Iqenbmbn s\Ãv Xs¶ \ Imdpv. F¶m Iqenbmbn \nÝbn¨
s\Ãv sImSp¡p¶Xn\v ap¼v Xs¶ s\ Ãv Af¡Ww. At¸mÄ 1920 enädps¦nÂ
AXnsâ ]¯p iXam\w ]mh§ Ä¡p \ÂIWw. tijapÅXn \n¶mWv sImbv¯v Iqen \ÂtIXv.
Iqen sImSp¯ tijaà kImXnsâ Afhv \St¯Xv.
hn¯p tiJcWw
tNm:
ImÀjnI hnfIÄ hn¡Wsa¶p IcpXn HcmÄ [m\yw
hm§n Irjn sN bvXp. F¶m AXn\v I¨hS¯nsâ kImXmtWm \ÂtIXv?
D: em`w e£yan«psImv
kz¯v \ÂIn ]Icw hm§p¶ hkvXp¡fn  {Ib hn{Ibw \S¯p¶Xn\mWv hym]mcw
F¶p]dbp¶Xv. hn¯v hm§n Irjn sN¿pt¼mÄ hnfhv hn¡Wsa¶v IcpXnbXv
sImv AXv hym]mcamInÃ. AhnsS hym]mc kImXpanÃ. {]XypX IrjnbpsS
kImXmWv \ÂtIXv. |