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{]tXyI ^o

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XIv_odXp Clvdman\v tijw cv ssI s\nt sh

tNmZyw: XIv_odXp Clvdman\v tijw cv ssI s\nt shWsaXn\v DcnsSp lZokv _elo\amtWm? s\n\v Xmsgbpw s]mnfn\v ta sebpambn shWsav kpnI ]dbpXn\v {]_eamb h lZokpap tm? "Aem kzZvcnln' F lZokv CXn\v sXfnhmbn Dcnmtam?

Dcw: hmCep_v\p lpPvdn(d) \nv C_v\p Jpsska(d) \nthZ\w sNp Hcp lZokmWv s\n\p apIfn ssI shWsav hmZnph Ahew_amnbnpXv. hmCep_v\p lpPv(d) ]dbpp: ""\_n(kz)bpsS IqsS \nkvIcntm \_n(kz) heXpssI CSXpInt s\n\v tasebmbn shpXv Rm Ip.'' (kzlolp C_v\n Jpsska  1/243).

Cu lZoknse "Aem kzZvcnln' F hmNIw apAnep_v\p CkvamCu(d) hgnbmbn AmsX dntmv sNsnnsv C_v\p Jnw Xs CAvemap aqJnCu (3/9) F {Knepw ssiJv bqkp^p _nqcn(d) Xs XAveoJpkzv_ndmb 1/315epw {]kvXmhnnpv.

Cu lZokv Camw AlvaZp_v\p l(d) Xs apkv\Zv 4/388epw Camw \kmCu (d) kp\ 2/126epw A_qZmhqZv(d) Xs kp\ 1/115epw C_v\pamP(d) kp\ 1/266epw \nthZ\w sNbvXXnepw AlvaZp_v\p len(d)s Xs ap cv dn tmpIfnepw Cu hmNIan (AAveoJp lk 1/64,65).

CXpt]mse XsbmWv ZmdJpXzv\n(d)bpsSbpw XnapZn(d)bpsSbpw \nthZ\nepsXv _Zvep aPvlqZv 4/483epw ImWmw.

Fm knJXns (hnizkvX) \nthZ\n h knbmZXv (A[nIcnn hmNIw) kzoIcnsSpsamWtm \nbasav shv Cu A[nImb "Aem kzZvcnlo' F hmNIw kzoImcyamIWsan {]kvXpX dntmdmb apAep_v\p CkvamCu tbmKy\msWv sXfntbXmWv. ]t, dntmamcpsS tbmKymtbmKyX hnhcnp {Kfnsempw Ctls kw_nv \ A`n{]mbw Bcpw tcJsSpnbnn.

Camw _pJmcn(d) ]dbpp: ""Atlns lZokpI shdpsXmWv.'' A _qlmXnapw(d), A_q kAbpw(d) ]dbpp: ""Ctlns lZokpIfn [mcmfw A]mIXI kw`hnnpv'' (Zl_nbpsS aokm\p CAvXnZm  4/228).

C{]Imcw lm^nfv C_v\plP(d)hns XlvZo_plvZo_v 10/340epw lm^nfp apn(d)bpsS XlvZo_p Iman 3/1395epw ImWmhpXmWv.

lm^nfv C_v\plP(d) XJvco_v 2/231 ]dbpp: ""Atlw kXykXbp BfmsWnepw Hmin Ipd hynbmbncpp.'' C{]Imcw XAveoJp\kzv_ndmb 1/317epw ImWmw.

lm^nfpssahn(d) ]dbpp: ""hmCep_v\p lpPvdv(d) F kzlm_nbn \nv \nthZ\w sNs ]ccIfpsS Iqn apAnens \nthZ\nsemgnv amcpsSbpw \nthZ\n Cu A[nImb "Aem kzZvcnlo' F hmNIansnepw ap Nne kzlm_nIfn \nv Camw AlvaZpw(d), A_qZmhqZpw(d) ss_ lJn(d)bpsamw \nthZ\w sNbvX lZokpIfn Cu hmNIapv. ]t, AhbpsS \nthZI ]ccIsfmw _elo\amWv (XAveoJp Bkmcnp\  1/68, XAveoJp \kzv_ndmb 1/315).

Npcpn s\nt ssI shWsa hmZn\v lZokn bmsXmcp sX fnhpan. AXv I imkv{X ]WvVnXmsc Ahew_ammsX lZokv sImv am{Xw Aa sNphcmsWhImisSp Alvep lZokn s] iuIm\nbpsS hmZamsWp am{Xw.

hSt Cybnse lZokv ]WvVnX\mbncp ssiJv Jeo AlvaZv FgpXpp: ""XIv_odXp Clvdman\ptijw cv ssII Fv sNWsaXv kw_nv temI apkvenwIfpsS A`n{]mb aqsw am{Xtabpq. Hv: cv ssII s]mnfn\v Xmsg shpI. cv: s]mnfn\v aosXbpw s\n\v Xmsgbpw shpI. aqv: cv ssIIfpw XmgvnbnSpI. Atm s\nt shWsa A`n{]mbw apkvenwIfpsS hgnbn s]SmXpw AhcpsS CPvamC\v FXncpamWv. Fncns Cu _meniamb A`n{]mbs Hu\p aAv_qZpImc ]nmnbXnemsW\npXw'' (_Zveq aPvlqZv  4/485).

s\n\v Xmsgbpw s]mnfn\v aosXbpw shemWv kpsv im^nCuI ]dbpXn\v sXfnhmbn Camw JkvXzm\n(d) CimZpmcn 2/75 C_v\pJpsska(d) \nthZ\w sNbvX asmcp lZokv Dcnnpv. B lZokn "XlvX kzZvcnln (s\n\p Xmsg) FmWpXv. AXpt]mse Camw _m(d) \nthZ \w sNp asmcp lZokpw lp_pXzmCn(d) \nv Camw AlvaZv (d) Dcn Hcp lZokpw lm^nfv C_v\plP(d) ^Xvlp _mcn 2/285 Dcnnpv. Cu lZokpIfn "CZ kzZvcnlo' (s\ns AcnIn) FmWpXv. Cu cv lZokpIpw tIm Bcpw ]dnnm nXnv Cu cv lZokpIfpw "XlvX kzZvcnln' (s\n\v Xmsg) F lZokpambn ka\zbnnm im^nCu aZvl_n ]d s\n\v Xmsgbpw s]mnfn\v aosXbpw shemWv kpsv hyamIpw.

Camw dm^nCu(d) ]dbpp: ""hl (Iuk kqdnse aqmw kqn) F hmns hymJym\n Aen(d)bn \nv dntmv sNs lZokv \apv tcJbmsWv \psS Akzvlm_n s] A_qCkvlmJ ahkn(d)bn \nv Dcnsnpv. heXpssI CSXpIntembn s\n\v Xmsg sh pI FmWv B hymJym\w. \_n(kz)v Pn_vco(A) Xs C{]Imcw hym Jym\nv sImSpXmbn dntmv sNsSppv'' (ilp I_o  3/281).

Aen(d)bpsS {]kvXpX hymJym\w Camw ss_lJn(d) \nthZ\w sNbvXnps pw AXv _elo\amsWpw Camw ss\ahn(d) XAveoJv 1/69 ]dnpv. ] t, CXn\pt]m_eIambn C_v\pAmkn(d) \npw Camw ss_lJn(d) \nthZ\w sNbvX asmcp lZokpw XAveoJn Xs ImWmw.

C\n BZyw ]d "Aem kzZvcnlo' F hmNIw D lZokv ncsXmsWv shm Xs app ]d tcJIfpambn tbmPnm "Aem' F ]Zw "A' F ]Zns AYn {]tbmKnXmsWv A\pam\ntXmWv. Atm "Aem kzZvcnlo' F hmNIn\v "s\n\v sXmv Xmsg shpI' FYw e`npw. Cu AYnemWv \psS im^nCu ]WvVnXm Cu lZokv sXfnhmbn DcnXv.

"Aem' F ]Zw "A' F ]Zns AYn hcpsav "A^n' t]m ep hymIcW {Kfn ]dnpv.

Npcpn "Aem kzZvcnln' (s\n\v apIfn) "XlvX kzZvcnln' (s\n\v Xmsg) Fo cv dntmpIfpsS Dtiyw hyamp dntmmWv "CZ kz Zvcnln' (s\n\cnIn) F dntmv. ImcWw s\nt\mSv tNv s\ns Xmgv`mKv CcpIcfpw shptm km[mcW KXnbn D]cyp {]tbmKsfmw icnbmsWv {Klnm\mIpw. AXpt]mseXs "hl' F ]Z s Aen(d) hymJym\nXv Hcp \nthZ\n s\n ssII shpI F pw asmcp \nthZ\n s\n\v Xmsg shpI Fpw hyXykvXambn h Xpw sshcpya. ImcWw s\tmSv tNn s\ns Xmsg shptm Cu cv {]tbmKfpw icnbmIpw. "Aem kzZvcnln' F \nthZ\w am{Xw s]m nnSnv s\ns tase Av I{XnI ampt]mse ssII shph v tcJIfpsS ]n_eansv kwn]vXw.

C{Xbpw hniZoIcnXn \nv Alvep lZokpImc\mb iuIm\nbpsS Btcm]Ww AXbn \nv DSseSpXmsWv {Klnm\mIpw.

ssiJv Jeo AlvaZv FgpXpp: ""(Aem kzZvcnln F hmNIap) C_v\pJpsska(d)bpsS lZokv im^nCu ]WvVnXm tcJbmpXv icnbsv iuIm\n Btcm]nnpv. s\n\v Xmsg ssI shemWv kpsv hmZnp im^nCu ]WvVnXm s\nt ssIshp Fv hyamp lZokv Fs\ tcJbmpsaXmWv Btcm]Wns \nZm\w'' (_Zvep aPvlqZv  4/484).

Camw dm^nCu(d) FgpXpp: ""CcpIcfpw s\n\p Xmsgbpw s]mnfn\v apIfnepambn shtXmWv'' (idlp I_o 3/281).

Camw \hhn(d) ]dbpXv ImWpI: ""\psS aZvl_\pkcnv kpv cv ssIIfpw s\n\v Xmsgbpw s]mnfn\v apIfnepambn shemW'' (ilp apl_v  3/313).

Camw \hhn(d) Xs ]dbs: ""kzlolmb A`n{]mba\pkcnv s\n\v Xmsg bpw s]mnfn\v apIfnepambn CcpIcfpw shtXmWv'' (duf  1/250).

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