{]hmNI·mcpsS
]m] kpc£nXXzs¯¡pdn¨pÅ auZqZnbpsS bYmÀY ho£Ww 1886 amÀ¨v e¡w
{]t_m[\¯n F. ssh. BÀ Hcp tNmZy¯n\p¯cambn sImSp¯n«p ÅXn \n¶pw
{Kln¡mhp¶XmWv.
tNm:
Nnet¸msg¦nepw AÃmlp {]hmNIscs¡mv sXäv sN¿n¨n«ps¶v auem\m auZqZn
Xsâ X^vloam¯v F¶ ]pkvXI¯n FgpXnbn«ps¶pw CXv {]hmNI·mÀ
sXäpIÄ¡XoXcmsW¶ AÃmlphnsâ hN\§Ä¡v ISI hncp²amsW¶pw CXpt]m se kz´w
\nebn Iq«nt¨À¡epIÄ \S¯nb auZqZnbpw A\pbmbnIfpw ap_vXZnDIÄ BsW¶pw
AhÀ¡v kemw sNmtÃXnsöpw Hcp kp¶n apkvenbmÀ {]kwKn¡p¶Xv
tIÄ¡m\nSbmbn. Cu Btcm]W¯nsâ kXymhØ F´mWv?
D: PamA¯v
hncp²cmb bmYmØnI ]WvVnX·mÀ ]e ZiI§fnembn ]dªp\S¡p ¶ JÞnXamb
Hcmtcm]WamWnXv. PamA¯nsâ hmàm¡Ä AhcpsS {]kwK§fneqsSbpw ]{X
{]kn²oIcW§fneqsSbpw Cu Btcm]W¯nsâ kXymhØ \nch[n XhW
hniZoIcn¨n«pÅXmWv.
X^vloam¯nÂ
auZqZn kmln_v ]dªn«pÅXv C{]ImcamWv: AÃmlp XBem a\:]q Àhw FÃm
{]hmNI·mcn \n¶pw hÃt¸mgpw Xsâ kwc£Ww FSp¯p Ifªv H t¶m ctm
]mI¸nghpIÄ kw`hn¡m³ A\phZn¡p¶p. AhÀ ssZhaà a\pjycmWv F¶v P\§Ä
a\Ênem¡m³ thn
auZqZnsb
\ymboIcn¨psImv {]t_m[\w sImSp¯XmWv Cu hcnIÄ. tijw AlvepÊp¶¯nsâ
hnizmkw C§s\bmsW¶v hniZoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶pv. kXy¯n auZqZnbpsS
hymJym\hpw F. ssh. Bdnsâ hniZoIcWhpw H«pw Xr]vXnIcasöv am{Xaà Gsd
A]ISIchpamWv. AÃmlp a\x]qÀhw a\pjyscs¡mv ]mI¸nghpIÄ kw`hn¡m³
A\phZn¡p¶p, AÃmlphnsâ kwc£Ww FSp¯pIfbp¶p Fs¶ms¡ ]dbp¶Xv `oam_²amWv.
a\pjys\ \·bnte¡v \bn¡pI F¶XmWv AÃmlphnsâ e£yw, B AÃmlp Xn·bpsS t\sc
I®p Nn½p¶p F¶v ]dªm AXv AÃmlphnsâ ta Zpcmtcm]Ww D¶bn¡emWv. BfpIÄ
Xn· {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv Hcn¡epw AÃmlphnsâ Xr]vXntbmsSbà F¶XmWv AlvepÊp¶¯nsâ
hnizmkw. A{X henb Xn·sbm¶paÃ, sNdnb ]mI¸nghpIÄ F¶v am{XamWv auZqZn
]dªXv Fs¶m¶pw Bizkn¨n«v ImcyanÃ. {]hmNIsct¸mbn«v, km[mcW
a\pjysct¸mepw ]mI¸nghpIÄ kw`hn¡m³ AÃmlp A\phZn¡p¶p F¶v ]dbm³ ]mSnÃ.
kp¶nIfpsS
hnaÀi\s¯ {]Xntcm[n¡m³ F.ssh. BÀ D²cn¨ sXfnhv Xs¶ auZqZnbpsS
A`n{]mb¯nâ JÞ\amWv. Hcp AÔsâ Imcy¯n AÂ]w AhKW\ Im Wn¨ \_nsb AÃmlp
hnaÀin¨p F¶v A¼nbmC\v ]mI¸nghv ]ämsa¶ auZqZn hmZ¯n\v sXfnhmbn F.ssh.
BÀ D²cn¡p¶p. auZqZn F´mWv ]dªsX¶v At¸mtg¡v F.ssh.BÀ ad¡p¶p. kwc£Ww
FSp¯pIfªv a\]qÀhw ]mI¸nghpIÄ kw`hn¡m³ AÃmlp A\phZn¡p¶psh¶mWv auZqZn
FgpXnbXv. F¶n«v AÔs\ AhKWn¨Xn\v AÃmlp \_nsb hnaÀin¨psh¶v sXfnhmbn
F.ssh. BÀ FgpXpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Hcp Imcyw A\phZn¡pI, F¶n«v AXv sNbvXXn\v
sNbvX Bsf hnaÀin¡pI, CXv AÃmlp AÃm¯hÀ t]mepw sN¿m³ ]mSnÃm¯ ImcyamWv.
auZqZn hc¨pIm«nb Cu ssZhoI Nn{Xw Gsd ]cnlmkyamWv.
\ymboIcn¡m³ an\s¡SmsX A_²w
k½Xn¡p¶XmWv _p²n. \_namÀ¡v hsc ]mI¸nghpIÄ ]ämw F¶v hmZn¡p¶hÀ
auZqZnbsS A_²w kp_²am¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xns\ hocmcm[\mbmbn Nn{XoIcn¨mÂ
AÛpXs¸Smt\m Acniw sImÅmt\m ImcWw ImWp¶nÃ.
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