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BobcwKs hyXnbm\
P_cn	JZvcn	apPnA	apAvXkne
JmcnPo {]m\hpw ioCpw XpSn cmjv{Sob {]m\fmbncpp. Ah cmjv{Sobns t]cn hnizmk cwKpIqSn XfpsS hyXnbm\ NnI hym]nnpIbmWv sNbvXXv. Cu {]m\sf t\cnSm JpB\pw kppw ZphymJym\w sNbvXv hgn]ngpt]mb ]e {]m\fpw lnPvd BZy \qmpIfn Xs DZbw sN bvXp. JhmcnPnIfpsS, h]m]n AhnizmknbmsW Xo{hhmZ \ne]mSns\ FXnpsImv cwKv h asmcp {]m\amWv P_cn. Plvav F Hcp ]WvVnX\mWv Cu {]m\ns D]mXmhv. AXvsImv AtltmSv tNv CXns\ Plvan Fpw ]dbmdpv. a\pjy \nlmb\mWv, Ah\v Hn\pw Ignhn. Fmw ki\mb Amlphns Cpw Dtiyn\pw A\pkcnmWv \SpXv. AXvsImv \nlmb\mb a\pjy\n \nv hcp sNdpXpw hepXpamb Hcp ]m]n\pw bYmYn Ah DchmZnb Fv P_cnI hmZnp. imizXamb kzK\cIw Fsmn. Ah \inpw. ssZhs Adnh apAvan\mWv. ssZhspdnp AdnhnmbvabmWv Ip^vdv. JpB krjvSnbsv ]dbpXv icnb. ssZh hnizmkn Dn  hnizmkw \ne\ns, \mhpsImv \ntj[npXv aqew Im^ndmIpIbn XpS nb hnizmk ChcptSXmWv. lnPvd 128 Cu {]m\ \mbI\mb Plvav_v\p kz ^vhm sImsp. JZvcn P_cnbmfpsS Xo{hhmZs t]mses AXns t\sc hn]coX Bibw Dsm  asmcp Xo{hhmZ {]m\amWv JZvcn. P_cnI a\pjyv AhcpsS {]h\fn Hcp ]pansv hmZnptm a\pjy I Xopw a\pjycpsS A[o \Xbn s]XmsWpw AhbpsS aosX A[oiXzap Hcp A[nImc inbpans pw JZvcnIfpw hmZnpp. Npcpn Ah Amlphs aphn[nsb \ntj[npp. "AJZvdp ssJdplp hidplp an\mln' F kpo knms Ch ]msS \ntj[npp. apPnA JhmcnP, P_co, JZvco XpSnb Xo{hhmZ kpo hncp {]m\nSv anXhmZnIfmbn cwKv hhcmWv apPnCI. AhcpsS hmZKXnI Cs\ kw{Klnmw: Amlphn hnizkn Hcmsf Ah F{X Xs henb Ipw sNbvXmepw Ahnizmkn Fp hnfnpIqSm, Cu \nev Ah JhmcnPns, h]m]nI AhnizmknIfmsW hmZs FXnpp. Aenbpw Dkvam\pw(d.lpw) CkvemanI kaqls ]nfntev \bnpI hgn IpmcmsWv Chcpw kXnpp. Cu \nev Ah JmcnPnIfpsS XXzhpambn tbmPnpp. Fm ChcpsS Imcyn Amlphns Xov ImncnpIbmsX \apv A`n{]mbw ]dbm ]SnsmWv AhcpsS hoWw. Aenbpw Dkvam\pw kzKw ktmjhmbdnbns kzlm_nacmsW Imcyw Ah hn kvacnpp. inbm Aen(d)sbpdnpw Atlns km\ ]ccIsfpdnpw {]Ncnnncp AXnitbmnIsfbpw, AahnI apBhnb(d)hns\pdnv {]Ncnnnncp amlmysfbpw Ah Xnfp. Aahn `cWspdnv AhcpsS \ne]mSv kpenXambncpp. {]ivWm[njvTnX ]npW F coXnbmbncpp Ah A\phn p t]mXv. cmjv{Sobn Ch ImWn Cu kpenX hoWhpw klIcW `mhhpw aX Imcyfn Ah hp]pen. Iasfm hnizmkn\mWv Ah {]m[m\yw InXv. Cu \nev AhcpsS hoWw PlvanIfn \nv hfscsbmpw hnZqca. Amlphns kvt\lw, HuZmcyw, \ Fo KpWmWv Ah {]mapJyw InXv. hnizmknbmbXv sImv Hcp apkvenan\v Fsnepw \cI tamN\apmIpsah hnizknp. Fp ]m]w sNbvXmepw Hcp hnizmkn imizX \cI inv ]m{Xo`hnn Fv Ah hmZnp. apkvenamsWn GXv alm ]m]nsbbpw `cWm[nImcnbmbn AwKoIcnmsapw ]nn \np sImv \nkvIcnmsapw apPnI A`n{]mbsp. apAvXkne Ckveman hfph Hcp bpnhmZ {]m\amWv apAvXkne. apIfn ]d aqv hyXnbm\ NnIsftmses apAvXkne {]m\hpw Cv temIv \ne \npn. Fm ChbpsSsbms Bibfn ]eXpw ]e B[p\nI apkvenw kwLS\Ifpwkzamnbnpv. Dabv `cWm[nImcnI XfpsS sXpIsf \ymboIcnm thn, Fmw Amlphns ap hn[nbmsWpw XfpsS sNbvXnIfn Xv bmsXmcp DchmZnXzhpanspw ]dv Hgnpamdm XpSn. ChcpsS Cu NnmKXn Xs Hcp {]m\ns cq]w {]m]nmWv P_cn F {Kqv \nehn hXv. AahnIv thn {]Ncns P_cn knms Camw lk\p _kzcn(d) sXfnhpI \ncn Jnp. Atlw AlvepuloZn hAZv F smcp {]m\n\v Xs cq]w sImSpp. Fm lk\p_kzcn(d)tbmsSmw {]hnp hncp hmkznep_v\pAXzmDv Hcp ]pXnb {]iv\n\v XosImfpn. h ]m]nv tamapsv hmZnncp apPnA hn`mKw Cmev kPohambns {]hnncpp. h]m]n Im^ndmsWv JhmcnPv hmZntm h]m]n apAvan\msWv apPnA hn`mKhpw hmZnp. hmkzn CXn\nSv ]pXnsbmcp knmhpambn cwKphp. htZmjw sNph apAvan\, Im^ndpa Fmbncpp Atlns hmZw. Fm Ah imizX \cI inv hnt[bamsSpsapw ]t, Ah\v e`np in AhnizmknIv e`np inIsfm eLphmbncpsapw Atlw A`n{]mbsp. Xs kl{]hI\mb Awdp_v\pDss_Zv (ln.80144) BZyn hmkznens hmZw kzoIcnm hnkXnp. lk\p_kzcn(d)bpsS {Kqnse anI Zmi\nI\pw ^Jolpambncpp Atlw. hfsctbsd hmZ{]XnhmZ v tijw Awdpw XpSv ]e {]apJcpw hmkznens {Kqn tNp. {ItaW lk\p _kzcn(d)bpsS injymcn CsXmcp ]nfn\v hgnsbmcpn. hmkzn, lk\p _kzcn(d)bpsS hnm\ kZv hnv asmcp kZv kwLSnnpshdntm l k\p _kzcn(d) C{]Imcw {]XnIcnp: "CAvXke Am' (Atlw \s hnp]ncp) Cu {]tbmKn \nmWv apAvXknen F t]cpmbXs{X. apAvXknen {]m\ns m]I\pw apJy {]t_m[I\pw hmkznep_v\p AXzmAv Bbncpp. Btlw {]m\n\v \mev ASnm\ XXz {]Jym]np. 1. XuloZv 2 AZvev (a\pjy{]h\n\v a\pjy\v Ignhpw DchmZnXzhpaps \ymbw) 3. chInSbnep Ah, AXmbXv hnizmknsbpw Ahnizmknsbpw CSp Ah. 4. Aen, apBhnb {]iv\fn Hcp hn`mKw sXpImcmbncppshpw Bcmbncpp sXpImscv \nbntXnspap kqvaXbpsS kao]\w. Cu \mep XXzsf IqSmsX asmcp XXzhpw IqSn apAvXknenIfpsS ]nme t\Xmhmbncp lpssZ, {]m\tmSpIqntp. Awdpw _n aAvdq^v h \lvbp A\n apI (\ I]n, Xn \ntcm[n) FXmbncpp AXv. Cukm \_n(A)s\ IenaXpmln Fv hntijnnpXns\bpw JpB A\mZnbmsW hmZsbpw apAvXknenI FXnp. JpB krjvSnbmsWmbncpp A hcpsS hmZw. AlvaZp_v\plen(d)s\tmsebp Alveppns CamapI ap AvXknenIfpsS Ccw hmZsf inbmsbXnv XShpw ]oV\fpa\p`hnp. len(d)v tijw Camw AivAcn(d)bpw amXpcoZn(d)bpambncpp hnizmk sshIeyfn \nv CkvemanI temIs Imp cnXv. apAvXknen {]m\w sXmSpp hn bpnhmZsf JpBsbpw kpnsbpw shfnn bpnbpsS ]n_etmsS Xs Ah FXnv tXmnv kpns\ kwcnp. ]ctemIv shv Amlphns\ ImWm km[npsa hnizmks Ah \ntj[np. a\pjy IfpsS {kjvSmhv a\pjy XsbmsWpw ssZhn\v AXn Hcp ]panspambncpp AhcpsS asmcp hmZw. ssZhw ZpjvIw CnpItbm hn[npItbm sNn. shdpw hnizmkw sImv Cuam\pXmbn AwKoIcnpIqSm. hnizmkhpw Ihpw IqSntcptm am{Xsa Cuam BIpIbppshv Ah knmnpp. h]m]nI Xu_ sNmsX acnm \cIn t]mIpw. ImcWw Zpjvav \cI inbpsv JpB\n hyamnbnpv. \ I]nepw Xn \ntcm[nepw hyn]camb _myXbmsWpw Ah hnizknpp. apAvPnkpw Idmapw Ah \ntj[npp. Amknm Jeo^amcmbncp  AaAvaq, AapAvXknw, AhmknJv Fnh apAvXknenIfmbncpp. A[nImcns ]n_en Ch ]oV\ apdIfp]tbmKnv apAvXknenkw \Smn. A mknm `cWns Ahkm\tmsS apAvXknenkhpw Ahkm\np. Alveppn h PamAns iamb {]Xntcm[w aqew apIfn ]d an {]m\fpw Imemcn \mamhtijambn. Atmgpw inbm XfpsS hyXnbm\ NnIsf m]\hcnv sImv Hcp {]tXyI hn`mKambns \nesImp. Fnepw temInse _lp`qcn`mKw apkvenwIfpw \_nbpw kzlm_pw Pohnp Im WnpX Ckvemans {]mtbmKnI cq]fmbn \mensemcp aZvl_v XncsSppsIm v Pohnphcpp. hyXnbm\ NnIv thenI XopsImv hnizmk cwKv AivAco, amXpcoZo aZvl_pIfnsempw Ia cwKv l\^o, amenIo, im^nCu, l eo aZvl_pIfnsempw bYmY CkvemanI icoAmbn kzoIcnsp. AwKoIr X aZvl_pIv tijw AJoZIfnepw, ^nJvlnepw kzX{amb CPvXnlmZn\v Bh iyw CmXmbn. apXvzeJv apPvXlnZpIfpsS ImeLw AtXmsS Ahkm\np. aZvl_n\v AIv \npsImv kaImenI {]iv\fn Atmgpw CPvXnlmZv \ne\np t]mp. Ccw apPvXlnZpIsf tkm]m[nI apPvXlnZpI Fv hnfnphp. kpbqXzn, kp_pn, \hhn, dm^nCu(d.lpw) XpSnbh im^nCu aZvl_nse Adnbs tkm]m[nI apPvXlnZpIfmWv. Camw aplZpw, bqkp^p(d.lpw)amWv l\^o aZvl_n\v DuSpw ]m hpw s\bvX {]apJm. CtX t]mse CXc aZvl_pIfpsS hfpw hnImkn\pw B aZvl_pIIs [njWmimenIfmb ]WvVnXmcpsS KthjWw hgnsXfnbnp. kzX{ apPvXlnZpIfmb CamapIv tijhpw JpB\nepw kpnepw AhKmlw t\Snb At\Imbncw ]WvVnXm CkvemanI temIns hnhn[ `mKfn Fm Imepw Dmbnpv. Fm Ahscmw AwKoIrX aZvl_pIv tkh\w Anp sImv PohnpIbmsX ]pXnb aZvl_pIfpmm apXnn. ImcWw hnizmk cwKpw ^nJvlo cwKpw ]pXnb KthjWw Bhiyansv Ahscmw a\nemn. _pJmcntbm apkventam XnaZntbm \kmCtbm \hhntbm dm^ntbm bqkpt^m apltZm aplbno ssitJm cn^mCtbm sslXantbm AkvJem\ntbm Kmentbm kp_pIntbm _pJo\ntbm(d.lpw) Hpw Xs ]pXnb aZvl_pIfpmm sa\sn. AXv Ckveman\v tZmjta hcppshv Ah kapZmbs Hmannp. KthjWw `uXnI cwKv, {]tXyInv imkv{X kmtXnI aefn aXnsb NnbmWv Ah hfnbXv. Fm CXns\Xnsc kpo temIv apgnb BZys apJy i_vZw ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\pssXanbbptSXmbncpp. leo aZvl_pImc\mbncp Atlw kzX{ hn[n Xon\p AhImiw ]p\m]nWsav hmZnp. Nne hnjbfn \mep aZvl_pIfpsSbpw AwKoIrX Xocpam\n\v hncpamb Nne aX hn[nI Atlw ]pdsSphnpIbpapmbn. Fnepw Hcp ]pXnb aZvl_pmm\p [mjvSysampw Atlw ImWnncpn. hyXnbm\ NnmKXnmcn ap\mbn IcpXsSp Atlspdnp Hcp sNdp hnhcWamWv NphsS tNpXv. C_v\pssXan: AlvaZv XJnpo FmWv Atlns t]. lnPvd 661 d_oDA 10\v ({Inkv Xm_vZw 1263 P\phcn 22\v) ldm\nemWv C_v\pssXanb ]ndXv. Atlns ]n Xmhv inlm_po\pw ]nXmal aPvZpo\pw leo aZvl_nse {]kncmb ]WvVnXcmbncpp. aPvZpos amXmhv ssXanb Hcp alm]WvVnXbmbncpp. Chcntev tN mWv XJnpos\ C_v\p ssXanb Fv hnfnp hcpXv. XpSn leo aZvl_v XJveoZv sNbvXpsImp Pohnpt]m Atlw ]nme v JpB\pw kppw am{Xw NnbpsS am\Zamn. ]nXmhns \ncymWtm sS Atlw ZakvIkv ]nbn apZcnkmbncpp. Av Atln\v 21 hbv am{Xambncpp {]mbw. CXn\nSv kndnb A{Ian XmcnIsf XpcpXn Atlw AXpeyamb ]v hlnp. hmIvNmXpcnbpw cN\m ssh`hhpw Hnp tN ]WvVnX\mbncpp Atlw. kzq^nksbpw Zmi\nIscbpw FXnpsImmWv Atlw Xs `nkzcw {]ISamnbXv. \_n(kz)sb Xhp sNpXv icnbmsWv AwKoIcnncp Atlw ap almmsf Xhp sNpXnt\mSv hntbmPnv {]ISnnp. CkvXnKmkbn \nv hnv \nWsapw Atlw D]tZinp. kzlm_namcn ]escbpw Atlw hn ainp. Jpe^mDdminZpIfmb Da(d), Aen(d) Fnh Atlns hnai\n\XoXcmbncpn. Aen(d) apqdn ]cw sXpI sNbvXnpsv Hcn Atlw ]dbpIbpmbn. C_v\pAd_n(d) Atlns ZrjvSnbn hgn]ng Zmi\nI\mbncpp. Camw Kmen(d)sbbpw Atlw shdpsX hnn. CPvamAv kzoIcnpsImWsanspw Atlw hmZnp. \cIw imizXas hmZhpw Atln\pmbncpp. aqp XzemJpw Hnp sNmnbm hnhml _w kqambpw ]ncnbpsa k imwKoIrX Xocpam\s Atlw tNmZyw sNbvXp. Hcp thfbn F{X XzemJv sNmnbmepw Hmtb ]cnKWnm ]mSpqshv At lw hmZnp. \_n(kz)bpsS J_vdv knbmdv DtinpsImv bm{X ]pdsSm ]mSn s ]pXnb hoWhpw Atlw aptmp shp. Ccw \ho\mib aqew kaImenI ]WvVnXmcpsS iamb FXnn\v At lw ]m{Xo`qX\mbn. Nne Atls fzmpw, apfznpw (hgn]ngh\pw, ]n gnph\p)sav ap{ZIpn. Camw kp_pIn(d)bpw C_v\plPdp an(d)bpsams Atlns ISp {]XntbmKnIfmbncpp. ]WvVnXmcpsS FXnpI IWnseSp km lnPvd 705 Atls PbneneSp. Pbn hmkw C_v\pssXanb {K cN\v {]tbmP\sSpn. 37 hmfyfp  ^Xmhm C_v\pssXanb Hcp _rlXv {KamWv. 728 ZpJAZv 20\v Pbnen sh mWv Atlw acnpXv. 65 hbv {]mbapmbncpp. {InkvXym\nIsf JnpsImv APhm_pzlolv ena _Ze Zo\akolv F IrXnbpw ioCks FXnp sImv anlmPppp_hn F IrXnbpw Atlns {itbamb cN\IfmWv. ]WvVnXcpsS A`n{]mb: Bib]cambn {]K ]WvVnXscmw ssiJp Ckvemans\ FXnnpv. ssiJp Ckvemw FXv Atln\v e`n s{]m^j\ ssSnemWv. s{]m^k Hm^v CkvemanIv Uokv F AYn Zamkvknse aX ]T\ imebn \npw e`n ]ZhnbmWv. aX]camb Bibfn sXp]nbnpsnepw C_v\ssXanbbpsS ]mWvVnXyw A\ntj[yamsWv C_v\plPdp AkvJem\n(d) bpw C_v\pIkodpw(d) ]dbpIbpmbn. Camw Iamepo kam\n Atlns ISp hnaiI\mbncpp. Fnepw ioCks FXnpXn Atlw An ]v kam\nbpw AwKoIcnnpv. Atls Im^n Fv hnfnhsc kam \n iambn A]e]npIbmWv sNbvXXv. \n`mKyhm\mb ]WvVnX FmWv Nne Atls hntijnnnpXv. C_v\pssXanbm hmZ ]eXpw hnhmZfmsWn epw Atls Im^n Fv ]dbm\p sXfnhpI Hpw Atlns {Ksf kkqvaw hnebncpnb X\nv e`nnn FmWv Camw _pJo\n(d) ]dXv. F m AlvaZp_v\p AZvdCsbtmse C_v\pssXanbsb {]iwknhscbpw Ncn{Xn ImWmw. A_p lk Aen\Zvhnbpw ]tcX\mb Ihn AmamCJv_mepw AXn s]Spp.
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