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CPvXnlmZpw XJveoZpw
XJveoZv	CPvXnlmZv
C\nsbmcp KthjWw(CPvXnlmZv) Bhiymhn[w \_n(kz) ]dpw ]Tnnpw X Imcy A{Xbpw kphyamb \nebn lnPvd Hpw cpw \qmpIfn Po hn CamapI kaqln\v t{ImUoIcnp Xnpv. CX\pkcnv sFIytmsS PohnemWv apkvenw [w. kaImenI {]iv\v kaImenI ]WvVnX kwLS\ \Ip ^Xvh aZvl_v AwKoIcnpsImpXsbmbncnpw. Fm Hmtcm ]WvVnXcpw Hmtcm aZvl_v F kzX{ NnmhmZw AwKoIcnm apkvenw Dn ]ns sFIyw AkmyamsWv kmam\y_pnbp Bcpw kXnpw. Fm CPvXnlmZpw XJveoZpw Gsd hmKzmZv hgn sXfnbn hnjbamWv. XJv eoZv \njnw am{Xa Nnetm AXv hocmcm[\bmb inntev Fnpsapt]m epw ssKmdpapJnZpI Binpp. CPvXnlmZv XJveoZv kw_amb hniZ ]T\w "aZvl_v' F `mKv tNnpv. Cu hmZns Hcp kmnfmWv JXzv icoAv tImnse Jmknbmbncp ssiJv AlvaZv_v\p lPdns hmpIfn Hcp amknIbn {]XysXv. Atlw ]dbpp: ""\hw\hfmb \qdp \qdp {]iv\sfbpw XnIpw B[p\nIamb CS]mSpIsfbpw \ymbhpw bphpambn hymJym\nm\pw ]cnlmcw \ntinm\pw sIp Zo\m Wv Ckvemsav temIn\v t_mysSpphm icnbmb apPvXlnZpIt km[npIbpp. Cu ZuXyw \ndthphm \nehnep aZvl_v {K am{Xw aXnbmIpsa hmZw ]e ImcWfmepw kzoImcya. HmaXmbn, AXv XnI XJveoZntep {]t_m[\amWv. XJveoZmIs AXbntepw hnhctSntepamWv WnpXv. \bnsSp Hcp arKhpw Aamb apJnZpw Xn bmsXmcp hyXymkhpan. cmaXmbn, JpB, lZokv, icnbmb ^nJvlv Fnh aptJ\ e`np idCu hnm\sf hIhcpm\p {]t_m[\amWXv. aqmaXmbn, B hmZw aSnbpw achnpw Wnphcppp. X^eambn ]WvVnXm Zo\n hnm\ cwKv \njv{InbcmIpp. {]iv\ ]cnlmcn\mbn X\n A\nkvemanIamb \nbasfbpw hn[nIsfbpw CdpaXn sNp Zpch kwPmXamIpIbpw sNpp. Rv ]qoIcpsS InXm_pI Xs [mcmfamsWv hmZnp A\pIm JpB\pw lZokpsams hmbnpXv shdpw ]pWyIsa \nemWv. AhcpsS {]iv\smw Xov Iev]npXv bYmYn X\n "Im^nd'mb \nba hyhIsfs{X! \memaXmbn, ]qhoIcpsS InXm_pIfn Fmepw Dhnp apgph {]iv\pap ]cnlmcfn. DXn Xs NneXv JpBsbpw kpnsbpw Ahew_anm tIheamb A`n{]mbfmWv. XJveoZns\ FXnphcpsS hmZfmWv taepcnh. apkvenw _lpP\v XJveoZv am{Xsa amapp Fv hmZnp aZvl_v ]m Cu hmZapJtfmSv Fs\ {]XnIcnppshv t\mmw. XJveoZv asmcmfn hnizmkanv AbmfpsS A`n{]mbw sXfnhv At\zjnmsX kzoIcnpXn\mWv XJveoZv Fv ]dbpXv. Camw Kmen(d) Xs AapkvzXkzv^ F {Kn Cu AYamWv sImSpnpXv. Camw XmPpo\pp_pIn(d)bpw Camap ldssa\n(d)bpw GXmv CtXbYw XsbmWv sImSpnpXv. apJnZv Fm sXfnhv IqSmsX A\ys hmv kzoIcnph FmWv _m_paAvcn^XppKv dmnbn sImSp AYw. aXns kmtXnI `mjbn, sXfnshmpw t\mmsX ap PvXlnZmb Hcp Camans A`n{]mba\pkcnv aXnse hn[nhnepI \SnempI FXmWv XJveoZv. CPvXnlmZv XJveoZns hn]coXamWv CPvXnlmZv. ITn\zm\w sNpI FXmWv CXns ]ZmYw. aXns kmtXnI `mjbn JpB, lZokv, CPvamAv, Jnbmkv Fo \mev ASnm\ {]amWfn \nv A`n{]mb kzoIcnpI FmWv CPvXnlmZns A Yw. Cs\ sNpbmsf apPvXlnZv Fv ]dbpp. Alveppnh PamAns AYhm Ckvemans hoWn CPvXnlmZv hfsc {][m\s Hcp C_mZmWv. Al\mb apPvXlnZv \Sp KthjWw icnbmb \nKa\nsepIbmsWn Atlw Ccn {]Xn^en\l\mWv. \nKa\w icnbmbnsn t]mepw {]h\ns ]pWyw apPvXlnZn\v e`npw. AlXbnmh CPvXnlmZv \SpXv IpIcamWv. AbmfpsS CPvXnlmZv icnbmbm t]mepw Abm Ipap\. Al\mb Hcp kP Hmtdj \SpXnt\mSv CXns\ D]anmw. AbmfpsS Hmtdj hnPbnv tcmKnv t`Zambm AXv hfsc \ Imcyambn AwKoIcnsSpp. tcmKn acnpt]mbmepw \nba ZrjvSym Hmtdj \Sn FXn s t]cn tUmIvS Ipmc\mIpn. Fm kP\m Hcm Hmtdj \S n tcmKnv t`Zambm t]mepw \nbaw AbmfpsS ta tIskSppw. CPvXnlmZns CkvemanI am\w hyamm Cu \mS DZmlcWw D]Icnpsav tXmpp. Atm CPvXnlmZv \SpXn\v tbmKyXbphcpsS KthjWs Ckvemw FXn pn. AlcmbhcpsS A`mhn CPvXnlmZns IhmSw \qmpIv apv Xs, Bcpw ASmsX kzbw ASpt]mhpIbmbncpp. AXn\m CPvXnlmZn\v XnIpw Alcmbh t{ImUoIcnh AwKoIcnp PohnpIbmWnv Hcp kXyhnizm knbpsS ISa. As\ t{ImUoIrXambh Cv \meta \nehnepq. AXn\m Cv Ahbnsemv ]n]ntb aXnbmhq. AXnemWv apkvenw Dns sFIyhpw `{ZXbpw \nesImpXv. Atm \mev aZvl_pIfpw IqSn t{ImUoIcnv H aZvl_mnqtS Fv hmZntmw. dn Hm^v dneoPykv tXmv C Ckvemw F {Kn Amam CJv_m Cs\ hmZnnpv. I]camb Nne Imcyfn, hyXykvX km lNcyfn, hyXykvX cq]n \_n(kz) {]hnpIbpmbnpv. AXv sImmWv imJm]cw Fv hntijnnp Imcyfn aZvl_pIfn `n hoWfpmbXv. Ccw `n hoW \ne\npXv kaqln\v KpWIcamWv. AXv {]bmksf eLqIcnm klmbnpw. AXv sImmWv Fmw IqSn H aZvl_mmsX \mep aZvl_pIsfbpw AwKoIcnXv. ]pXnb {]iv\v aZvl_pI Ahew_amn Xs ]cnlmcw ImWm Hcp {]bmkhpan. Amlphns GIXznepw kzK \cIfpsS krjvSnnepw aeIpIfpsS {]h\fnepw hpfphnsbpw IpfnbpsSbpw izpIfnepw ^fpIfnepw C\nsbn\v KthjWw? kzKhpw \cIhpw efspw `mh\ am{XamsWpw Nne ]pXnb KthjI FgpXn hnnpv. Amlp BImiv CcnpIbmsWv ]dhcpv. Camw a lvZn(d) hcnsv ]dhcpv. CsXms AlcmhcpsS ]pXnb KthjWfpsS ^eas{X! Ccw AcmPIXzntev kaqls \bnpIbmbncnpw hnizmk Imcyfnepw C_mZnepap ]pXnb KthjW ^ew. CXv kapZmbs \innpw. C\n \apv XJveoZns\ JpB FXnpshv ]dbphcpsS hmZw ]cntim [nmw. \n\dnhnmXns\ \o ]n]cpXv. tIhn, ImgvN, _pn Fnhsbmw Fs\ {]tbmP\sSpn FXns\pdnv tNmZyw sNsSpXmWv F kqhpw kqdv aplZnse JpBs\n Ah Nnnpnt? AtXm AhcpsS lrZbfn ]qpIfptm? F Bbpw Amlphn Ghpw \nIrjvScmb PohnI Nnnm _[nccpw, aqIcpamsWv kqdp A^mense {]Jym]\hpw XJveoZn\v FXnscbp sXfnhpIfmbmWv aZvl_v \ntj[nI \ncmdpXv. CXpt]mse Xs P\XtbmSv C{_mlow \_n(A) Dbn tNmZyn\v Ah \Inb Dchpw XJveoZns\Xnsc sXfnhmbn FSppImWnmdpv. C{_mlow \_n(A) tNmZnp: \n hnfnp {]mYnph AXv tIptam? AX Ah \nv h D]Imctam D]{Zhtam sNptam? Cu tNmZyn\v B P\XbpsS adp]Sn C{]Imcambncpp. RfpsS ]qh ]nXm As\ sNpXmbn R Incnpp. kqdppAdmCse Cu {]kvXmh\ NqnmWnpXv tIhew A\pIcW{`aam sX Nnmin Cqsc \bnncpn FXmWv. kqdp _Jdbn Nnm iq\ycmb ZpamKnIsf Bt]nv Amlp kwkmcnnpv. Amlp AhXcnnXns\ ]n]pI Fv AhtcmSv ]dbsm Ah ]dbpw: Fm RfpsS ]qh ]nXmsf GsXmcp hnizmknemtWm R IXv AXns\bmWv R ]n]pXv. AhcpsS ]qh ]nXmfmIs Nnnphtcm kamKw Dsmhtcm HpaXm\pw. GXmv CsX Bibw kqdp amCZbnepw ImWmw. Ccw BbpI \ncnsmmWv k\fmb ]qhoI apPvXlnZpIfpsS kmK kcWnIsf ]nXpScpXv ]m]amsWv ]dbpXv. BbpIfpsS ]mehpw, XJveoZns Dtiyhpw hnebncpptm ChcpsS A`n{]mbw XnI A_amsWv a\nemIpw. ZpamKnIfpsS ]mX ]npScpXns\bmWv Cu kqsf mw hnenbnpXv. \o A\p{KlnhpscS amKn Rsf \o tNpXtcWta Fv {]mYnphm I]npI hgn k\fpsS amKw ]npScpXns\ t{]mXvkmlnnpIbmWv JpB sNbvXnpXv. RfpsS ]qh ]nXmfpsS amKamWv R XncsSpnpsXv ]dv \_namsc AhKWnpIbpw, FXnpIbpw sNbvX P\hn`mKsbmWv JpB FXnnpXv. B FXnn\p Imc Whpw JpB hyamnbnpv. AXmbXv Ah A\pKanncp ap Xeapd Zp amKnIfmbncpp. AXvsImv sXmb NnIsfbpw, AXns hmmsfbpw A\pIcnpXns\bmWv JpB hnenbnpXv. \_n(kz)sbbpw, k\sfbpw A\pIcnphm JpB Bm]npIbmWv sNbvXnpXv. \nehnep \mev aZvl_pIfpw alm]WvVnXcpw, k\fpw, A\pIcWobcpamb almmfpsSXmWv. AXvsImv AhcpsS aZvl_pI kzoIcnpXns\ FXntXn. XJveoZpI AXbntev \bnpsa hmZw CtXmsS s]mfnbpp. \hsc A\pKanptm \bnemWv FntcpI. idCu hnm\sf hIhcpm\p {iaamWv XJveosZ hmZhpw Am\mWv. AwKoIrX aZvl_pI ]npScpI hgn icnbmb Ia imkv{XamWv \mw A\pKanpXv. XJveoZv ImcWw ]WvVnX aSnbcmbnocppsh A`n{]mbhpw icnb. kaImenI kaqlw Xs AXn\v kmnbmWv. apkvenw ]WvVnXm Fmepw Gsd kPohamWv. temIv \SpsImncnp \hw\hfmb hnjbfpsS hn[n, Ia im kv{X {Kfn ]cXn IspIsb "_lvYv' (aZvl_v F `mKw t\mpI) Cpw ]WvVnXm \SnsmncnpIbpw hn[n IspIbpw sNbvXp hcpp. Cs\ aZvl_pIfpsS ASnm\n Xov e`nm Hcp kaImenI {]i\hpw Csv Xov ]dbmw. aZvl_nse apPvXlnZpIfm ]WvVnXmpw AhcpsS ]mensemXpn \npsImv "_lvYv' F KthjWw \Sn Fm hnjb pw ]cnlmcw \ntinphcpp. AXn\m Ah Hcnepw \njv{Inbcmhmt\m Ae kcmhmt\m CShcpn. aZvl_v kzoIcnWsav ]dbptm Hcm PohXImew apgph Hcp aZvl_v Xs ]npScWsav \nan. Hcp hnjbn ]qWambpw Hcp aZvl_ns hn[n ]n pScWsat \n_app. Fm Ffpw t\mn aZvl_pI IqsS IqsS amdpXv sXpw, IpIchpamWv. ChnsS Bfns Dtiyhpw k`ns A\nhmcyXbpamWv ]cnKWnstSXv. Hcp {]tZiphscmw Hcp aZvl_v kzoIcnpXv km aqly {]iv\sf A`napJoIcnpXn\v B {]tZipImv kuIcy{]Zambncnpw. C\n bpn]cambn Nnnmepw aZvl_v kzoIc A\nhmcyambn AwKoIcntnhcpw. Cv JpB\pw, kppw a\nemm Ignbp GsXmcmpw CkvemanI hnm\obfn ]mWvVnXyw AhImisSmw. ]WvVnXscms CPvXnlmZn\v AhImiaphcmsWv AwKoIcnm Hmtcmcppw AhchcpsS A`n{]mba\pkcnv {]hnmw Fv kXntnhcpw. DZmlcWambn \nkvImcw aqv kabfnte \n_vapq; AXn\v Xs {]tXyI cq]sfmpw th; ssZh kvacW am{Xsa Dtiyapp Fsms Hcp ]WvVnX hmZnm \mw Fv sNpw? Ckvemans Ghpw henb B[mcamb JpBs\ DbnnSnmbncnpw Cbm Cs\ hmZnpXv. kzX{ CPvXnlmZns hmXn aes Xpdv InSpIbmsWv ]dbphv Cbmsf FXnm HchImihpan. ]t, \mev aZvl_n\v ]pdph Cv AwKo Icnm ]mSnv ]dbphsc kw_nnStmfw Ccw ]pXnb hmZw tI am{Xbn Xs A\nkvemanIamsWv hn[nsbgpXm Ignbpw. Atm CkvemanI kaqlns AJXpw, kaqln AS cmlnXyw hfcmXncnm\pw, kmapZmbnI sFIyn\pw aZvl_v kzoIcn A\nhmcyamWv. Cu hkvXpX a\emnbXv sIm v Xsbmbncnpw apkvenw temIs A\p{KloXcpw, A{KKWycpamb ]e ]WvVn Xmcpw ]pXnb aZvl_n\v {ianmsX \mensemcp aZvl_v kzoIcnpsImv Pohnpt]mXv. lZokns CamapIfmb _pJmcn, apkvenw, XpapZn, A_qZmhqZv(d.lpw) XpSnbhcmcpw kzX{amb aZvl_pIfpmnbn. ]WvVnX t{ijvTcmb Camw aplZv(d)hpw Camw bqkp^v(d)hpw l\^o aZvl_vImcmbncpp. Camw \hhn(d), dm^nCu(d), kp_vIn(d), Kmen(d) XpSnb alm ]WvVnXscmw im^nCu aZvl_v ]n ]nbmWv PohnXv. JpB\nepw lZoknepw Chscsbms Ihpshp {]Xn`mimenI B[p\nI apkvenw temIv Csv Xs ]dbmw. AXn\m AwKoIrX aZvl_pIsf ]n]tXv Ckvemans \ne\n]n\v A\nhmcyamsWXn kwiban. temI apkv enwIfn _lp`qcn]hpw Cu Bibw AwKoIcnhcmWv. ke^o NnIfn BIrjvS\mb Ccp]Xmw \qmnse apkvenw ]WvVnX\mWv knZv A_p AAvem auZqZn. Fm apkvenwI \mensemcp aZvl_v kzoIcnWsa \n_mc\mWv auZqZn. Atlns cnkmse Zo\nmv F IrXnbpsS Cwo jv ]cn`mjbmb SpthUv AmUnwKv Ckvemw F ]pkvXInse 153 apX 155 hscbp t]PpIfn aZvl_pIsfpdnv Atlw C{]Imcw ]dbpp: JpB\nepw lZoknepw AhKmlw t\SpIbpw km[mcWmcmb apkvenwIv AhcpsS \nXyPo hnXw icoAn\v A\ptbmPyamw hn[w cq]sSppXn\v kuIcyw sNbvXpsImSpphm PohnXw DgnpshpIbpw sNbvX ]WvVnXmtcmSv apkvenwI Fme hpw \nbphcmbncnWw. JpB\ntem lZokntem XnjvS{]Imcw icnbpw B[nImcnIhpamb A`n{]mbw ]dbm\p knnIsfmpw Dhc Ahscnepw AhcpsS {ia^eambn am{XamWv temIsmbnSpap apkvenwIv icoAv Ffpn A\pKanm km[npXv. XpSn \nch[n ]WvVnXm Cmcyn {iaw \Snbncppshnepw Cv shdpw \mep NnmkcWnI am{Xsa Ahtijnppq. Cu aZvl_pIsfmw \_n v tijw cp\qmpIpn ]qoIcnsncpp. kXyn\v ]e apJfpapv F kzm`mhnI XXzns A\c^eamWv Cu \mep aZvl_pIfn ImWp  `nXSnm\w. Hcp kw`hw hyXykvX hynI hnebncpptm AhcpsS Adnhns shfnn Ah AXn\v hyXykvX hniZoIcW \Ipp. Cu hy XykvX aZvl_pIv Cv e`nnp AwKoImcn\v ImcWw B aZvl_pIfpsS \namXmfpsS DX hynXzhpw Ah kzoIcn amKfpsS B[nImcnI kz`mh hpamWv. AXpsImmWv hyXykvX aZvl_pI kzoIcnhcmsWnepw Fm apkvenwIfpw icnbpw kXyhpamsWv AwKoIcnpXv. ^nJvlnep Cu \mep aZvl_pIfpw khmwKoIrXamsWnepw Ahbn Hpam{Xsa Hcm PohnXn ]npScm ]mSpp. Fm m\nI amKZi\n\v JpB\pw lZokpw t\cnv Ahew_amWsav hnizknp AlveplZokv F Hcp hn`mKapv. Adnhnmh {] tXyI hnjbfn XnjvSaphsc ]npScWsapw Ah hnizknpp. auZqZnbpsS BapJtmsS JpinZv AlvaZv hnh\w sNbvXv akoa_v, PamAs Ckvemanlnv Zln 1961  {]knoIcn ]pkvXIn \np DcWnbmWv apIfn sImSpXv. CXv t]mse aplZv akzq \pAvam\nbpw aZvl_n\\pIqeambn FgpXnbnpv. ku v B{^nbn \npw {]knoIcnp Fshbvv Sp Zn Im Hm^v Ckvemw F amknIbpsS 1977 sabv en 16mw t]Pn auZqZnb NnI\mb \pAvam\n FgpXpp: ^nJvlv t]msebp cmaXv {]m[m\yalnp Imcyfnepw CjvSw t]mse CPvXnlmZv \Sp Cmev ke^pzmenlpIfpsSbpw l\^o, im^nCu, amenIn, len Fo {]ikvX CamapIfpsSbpw amKw ]npScpIbmWv _pn FmWv \psS A`n{]mbw.
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