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kpv PamAv
{]amW	JpB	Fgppw t{ImUoIcWhpw
\nbahpw Huj[hpw	kpv	Nne hninjvS kqdI
CPvamAv		Jnbmkv
Amlp \_n(kz)bneqsS AdnbnpXcnIbpw \_n(kz) hmneqsSbpw {]hnIfneq sSbpw ImWnpXcnIbpw, au\m\phZneqsS AwKoIcnpIbpw sNbvX \S]Sn{Ia fmWv kpv. AXv JpB ico^ns hyJym\fmWv. Cu kp\pkcnv PohnphcmWv Alveppv. AhcpsS kwLs AlveppnhPamAv Fp]dbpp. ChcmWv kXyamKw kzoIcn apkvenwI. AlvaZv(d), A_qZmhqZv(d) XpSnb aplnkpI dntmv sNbvX Hcp \_nhN\n C{]Imcw ]dbpp. C _mfp_v\p kmcnb(d) ]dbpp: \_n(kz) Hcp Znhkw RtfmsSmv \nkvIcnXn\p tijw Rsf A`napJoIcnv Kuchap Hcp D]tZiw \In. Amlphnt\mSv `nbphcmbncnWsapw \nfpsS Aao Hcp FtXym]y ASnabmsWnepw \n  A\pkcWw ImWnWsapw Rm \ntfmSv {]tXyIambp]tZinpp. F\n p tijw kaqln At\Iw `nnpI \n ImWm\nSbmIpw. Atm Fs bpw kmK NmcnIfmb Fs Jeo^amcpsSbpw amKw \n kzoIcnpI. AXns\ \n \nfpsS AWpI sImv ISnp]nSnpI. ]pXnb amKsf \n kq npI. F\nv tijapmIp ]pXnb \S]Sn{Ia ]p\mNmcfmWv. Ah sbmw ZpamKfmWv. XnapZn dntmv sNbvX asmcp lZokn \_n(kz) C{]Im cw ]dp., C{kmbo kXnI 72 kwLfmbn `nnp. Fs kapZmbw 73 Bbn `nnpw. Ahcn Hcp hn`mKw Hgnv asmhcpw \cInemWv. ssZh ZqXtc, AhtcXmWv? kzlm_nI tNmZnp. Rm\pw Fs kzlm_nIfpw \nesIm amKw Ahew_nhcmWh Fv \_n(kz) {]XnhNnp. \_n(kz) {]hNnt]mses CkvemanI kaqln \_nbpsS Imetijw ]e ]pXnb {]m\fpw {]XysSm XpSn. JhmcnPv, ioA, P_cn, JZvcn, apAvXkne, apPnA XpSnbh Ccw _nZvCu {]m\fn {]Nmcw knn NneXmWv. kpn \nv hyXnNen C cw {]m\fn \nv bYmY Ckvemans\ {]Xntcm[nm ke^pzmenlpIfmb ]WvVnXm(]qnIcmb \ ]WvVnXam) kzoIcn t]cmWv kpv PamAv. apPvXlnZpIfmb ]WvVnXm CkvemanI kaqlns `{ZXtbmv Alveppns {]amWfpw {]h\ aefpw \nbnp. hnizmksf B[mcamnbp IfmWtm Ckvemw. \_nv tijw hnizmk cwKpw Ia cwKpw ]p Xnb ImgvNmSpIfpw hymJym\ t`Zfpw Dbv htm sXmb knmfn \nv t\cmb amKw hyXncnambn hcp ImWnm apPvXlnZpI, Bhiyamb Fm {iafpw \Sn. As\ hnizmk]cambn {]Xys I \mWbfn \nv Ckvemans\ cnm AivAcn, amXpcoZn aZvl_pI kzoIcnp. Ia cwKv l\^n, amenIn, im^nCu, len aZv l_pIfpw kzoIcnphp. ChbntesXnepw aZvl_pI ]npScmhsc apkvenwI aX\hoIcW {]m\mcmbn ]nXn. JpB\ntem kzoImcy tbmKyamb lZokpIfntem Ahcn \npw Jnbmknsbpw apw shfnn \SsSp KthjWfntem amXrIbnm BNmc BhnjvIcnv aXn IqptNphscbmWv ap_vXZnDIfmbn KWnpt]mXv. {]amW bYmY CkvemanI kaqls AlveppnhPamAv Fv hnfnsSpp. \mep {][m\ t{kmXpIfn \nmWv kpv PamA v cq]w sImXv. JpB, kpv, CPvamAv, Jnbmkv FnhbmWv Cu aqet{kmXpI JpB HcYn Ckvemans GI{]amWw JpB\mWv. ]noSv ]d apv {]amWfpw JpBs hniZoIcWfmWv. temIv apkvenwI F t]cn AdnbsSp F m hn`mKfpw JpB AwKoIcnpp. \_nbpsSbpw kzlm_nsbpw hymJym\sf amnhv kzw bpnbpsSbpw X{ IpX{fpsSbpw shfnn JpB hyJym\nXmWv hyXnbm\ NnI DSseSpm ImcWw. lndm Kplbn shv hmbnpI F ktineqsSbmWv \_n(kz)v JpBs AhXcWw Bcw`npXv. lp hZmC AhXcn, Cs Znhkw \n v Rm Ckvemw aXs ]qnbmnncnpp.....(Jp 5:3) F kqtmsS JpB AhXcWw ]qnbmbn. 23 sImmew sImv Lw Lambn Bhiya\pkcnmWv JpB BbpI Pn_nco(A) hgnbmbn \_n(kz)v Amlp CdnsmSpXv. aqkm\_n(A)v Xudmv sImSp t]mse Hn. Xudmv Hcp ]eIbn Hnv CdnsmSppIbmWpmbXv. \p_pn\v tijw 13 sImmew \ _n(kz) kztZiamb abnemWtm PohnXv. hynsbbpw kaqlsbpw kwkvIcnsSpm\p \ntifSnb kqfmWv Cmev AhXcnhbne[nIhpw. kaqlsbpw cmjv{Ssbpw _m[np \nba \ntifpw inmcm \S]Sn{Iafpw `cW \nbafpw ASnb kq AhXcnpXv apJyambpw \_n(kz) bpsS lnPvdv tijap LnemWv. Fgppw t{ImUoIcWhpw Hmtcm Lnepw e`nncp JpB\nI kq, \_n(kz), kzlm_namcn {]apJcmb FgppImscsmv FgpXnshnncpp. \_n(kz)bpsS FgppImcn {]apJ\mbncpp sskZp_v\p km_nv(d). Cu\tbmeIfnepw IpIfnepw tXm Ijv Wfnepsamsbmbncpp Cs\ FgpXn kqnncpXv. Hmtcm {]mhiyhpw AhXcn hlvbv C Aymbn C kqn\v tijw C {IaoIcWtmsS FgpXWsav \_n(kz) \ntinpambncpp. sskZp_v\p km_nv(d) ]dbpp: Rm FgpXngnm dkqepmln(kz) hmbnm ]dbpw. Atm Rm hmbnpw. h hogvNbpw Dsn AhnSpv Xncppw. IqSmsX JpB\ns Isgpp {]XnI apBZv_v\p P_(d), D_p_v\p IAv_v(d), sskZp_v\p km_nv(d) XpSnb Nne kzlm_nam kqnpshpIbpw sNbvXncpp. BZy Imefn \_nhN\ FgpXnshm \_n(kz) A\phZnncpn. apkvenw dntmv sNbvX Hcp lZokn {]kvXmhnpp: \_n(kz) ]dp: Fn \nv JpB AmsX asmpw \n FgpXnshcpXv. As\bpsn AXv ambvpIfbWw. JpBs hnipn Imp kqnphm\mbncpp \_n(kz) Cs\sbmcp \ntiw BZy Imev \InbXv. \_n(kz) acnptm JpB kzlm_namcpsS HmaIfnepw ]\tbmeIfnepw apw tcJsp InSIbmbncpp. \_nbpsS h^mtmsS CkvemanIv kvtn On{Z hmk\Ifpw B`yc Ielfpw s]mnpdsp. CXns\Xnsc {]Ya Jeo^ \bn bp sf lpdq_pcn Fv ]dbpp. Cu bpfn JpB a\x]mTap At\Iw kzlm_nam sImsp. JpB a\x]mTaph Cs\ acnpXom `mhn Xeapdv JpB \jvSspt]mtbptam Fv Da(d) Binp. Atlw Jeo^m A_q_Iv(d)s\ kao]nv JpB {Kcq]n t{ImUoIcnWsap]tZinp. \o NIv tijw kznoJp AIv_(d) \_nbpsS FgppImcn {]apJ\mb sskZv(d)hns\ hnfnv B IrXyw `wKnbmbn \nlnphm \ntinp. As\ A_q_Iv kzoJn(d)s `cW Imev JpB H ]pkvXIn t{ImUoIcnsp. Da(d)hnsbpw Dkvam(d)hnsbpw Imeambtmtgv apkvenwIfpsS Fw hnp. [mcmfw ]pXp hnizmknI Ckvemw Btjnp. Ch JpB hmbnptm DmcWn {]mtZinI hIt`Z (dialectical differences) [mcmfapmbncpp. CXv `mhnbntev {]iv\amIptamsbv lpssZ^pbam\n(d)sb t]meph Binp. Ah Jeo^ Dkvam(d)s\ kao]nv Imcyw DWn. As\ JpssdinIfpsS DmcWcoXn Ahew_nv Dkvam(d) JpB\v HutZymKnI tImnI Xmdmn hnXcWw sNbvXp. Jeo^ Dkvam(d) {]apJ kzlm_nIfmb A_vZpdlvam\p_v\p lmcnkv (d), A_vZpmln_v\p kpss_(d), sskZp_v\p km_nXv(d) XpSnbh Ds kan Xn aptJ\ FgpXn JpBs Bdp ]IpIfn Hv Xmjvnse Dkv_v ayq knbnse Hcp s]nbn Cpw kqnphcpp. JpBs Acv CAvdm_v(hn, ]pnI) sImSpncpn. hymIcW \nbaf\pkcnv Cu IrXyw \nlnXv lmPv_v\p bqkp^ns Imev Hcp hnZKv[ kanXnbmWv. 30 PpkvDIfnembn t{ImUoIcns JpB\n 114 Aymbfpw 6000 ]cw Bb XpIfpapv. ]mcmbW hncma hyXymkw ImcWambn BbXpIfpsS Fn Ghy Xymkapv. JpB\n 53223 ^Xvlpw (AImchpw) 39572 Ikvdpw(CImchpw) 8304 fzpw(DImchpw) 1771 apw (ZoLhpw) 105684 ]pnbpapsv Nne FnWmnbnpv. Cu IWpI \qdp iXam\hpw icnbmbnsmWsan. CXv t]mse Jp B\nse Acsftmepw Nne FnWmnbnpv. \nbahpw Huj[hpw JpB \nbmaI \ntisfXn\v ]pdsa am\pjnIhpw imcocnIhpamb tcmK p Znhyuj[ambpw apkvenwI IcpXn hcpp. kqdp bq\pkn Amlp C{]Imcw ]dbpp: Atbm P\tf, \nfpsS \mY\n \np D]tZiw kamKXambncnp. AXv am\knI tcmKv ia\w \Ipp. hnizmknIv AXv kmK ZiIhpw A\p{KlhpamIpp (Jp 10:57). kqdp CkvdmC C{]Imcw ]dbpp: Cu JpBs AhXcW irwJebn hnizmknIv tcmKia\hpw(in^mAv) ImcpWyhpamb NneXv \mw AhXcnnppv(Jp 17:82). kqdp ^pzneXnepw CtX hkvXpX hyamnsmv Amlp ]dbpp: hnizmknIv Cu JpB kmK Zi\hpw tcmKimnbpamIpp(Jp 41:44). Cu hmIysf Acnepw AYnepsaSpphcmWv kpnI. `uXnIhpw Bobhpw am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb tcmKimnv JpB D]Icnpp. JpB a{nqXnbm tcmKw amdpsav IcpXpXv Ccw kqfpsS shfnnemWv. Nne hninjvS kqdI JpB\nse Nne kqdIv {]tXyI amlmyw Dsv ]WvVnXm A`n{]mbsnpv. ^mXnlbpsS khntijXI \nch[nbmWv. BhnsSp Ggp kq  F AYn AXns\ k_vDakm\n Fp ]dbpp. acWam Fm tcmKn\pw ^mXnl kqd NnInbmsWv ss_lJn(d), Pm_n(d)hn \nv Dcnp Hcp lZokn ]dbppv. A_qkCuZp JpZvcn(d) {]kvXmhnXmbn Camw _pJmcn (d) Dcnpp: R Hcp bm{Xbnembncpp. hgn aty hn{ia ew At\zjnp sImncnptm HcSnakv{Xo hv C{]Imcw ]dp: ChnSs tKm{Xeh hnj_m[tbv InSnemWv. \nfpsS Iqn Bscnepw a{nphcptm?. AsX Fv ]dv RfpsS Iqnsemcm B kv{XobpsS IqsS t]mhpIbpw kqdp ^mXnl HmXn a{npIbpw sNbvXp. tKm{Xeh tcmKap\mbn. Cu hm  dkqepmln(kz)tbmSv ]dtm AhnSpv ktmj ]qhw tNmZnp: AXv a{amsWv Atlw Fs\ Adnp? {]tXyIXbp asmcp kqdmWv bmko. acWamkambhs ASpphv AXv HmXm \_n(kz)bpsS \ntiapv. CJvemkzv HmXnbm JpBs aqnsemv HmXn b ^ew e`npsamWv lZokv. kqdp Im^ndq\ \mensemn\v kaas{X. kqdp _Jd HmXp hon ]nimNv {]thinpIbnsv apkvenanepv. kqdp ABw GsXepw tcmKnbpsS taen HmXnbm tcmKw ianpsav Aen(d)hn \nv Dcnsnpv.bmko HmXnbXn\v tijw XpSp kwcw` hnPbn Ieminpsav A_vZpmln_v\p kpss_(d) {]kvXmhnXmbn ImWpp. Fm cm {Xnbnepw kqdp hmJnA: HmXn InSph\v Hcnepw Zmcn{Zyw _[npIbn Fv C_v\p akvDuZv(d) hgn ss_lJn dntmv sNpp. \_n(kz) Ddm InSptm Aen^v emw aow kPZbpw X_md kqdpw HmX ]Xnhmnbncpphs{X. XnapZnbpsS lZoknemWv C{]ImcapXv. sshinjvSyfp kqdI thsdbpapv. BbXp Ipknn AXoh sshinjvSyap kqfn s]XmWv. JpB shdpw \nba am{Xa knuj[hpw IqSnbmsWv hyampIbmWv Cu lZokpI sf mw. hmbnv a\nemn PohnXn {]mhnIamm\pXmWXv. AtXmsSmw AYw AdnbmsXbp tIhe ]mcmbWw t]mepw ]pWyamWv, C_mZmWv. kpv CkvemanI {]amWfn cmatXv \_nNcybmWv. CXns\ kpv Fp ]dbpp. \_n(kz)bpsS lZokpIfmWv kpns ASnm\ tcJI. {]hmNIs hm pw {]hrnbpw au\m\phmZhpw kpn s]Spp. {]hmNIs hN\fpw NcyIfpw A\pIcnm JpB Bm]nnpv. JpB 3mw Aymbw 31mw kq w ]dbpp: \_ntb, ]dbpI, \n Amlphns\ kvt\lnppshn Fs ]npScpI. "Amlphns ZqX \nv \InbXns\ apdpsI ]nSnpI, AhnSpv \ntcm[nXns\ \n ssIshSnbpI' Fv 59:7 epw ]dbpp. lphZmC \_n(kz) {]kvXmhnp: Rm cv Imcy \nnSbn hntv t]mIpp, Amlphns {Khpw Fs Ncybpw. Ch \n apdpsI ]nSnp ]w F\np ti jw \n hgn]ngpt]mIbn. JpB\pw kppw ]npSv Pohnm apkvenw _m[y\msWv Cu JpB\nI kqfpw \_n hN\fpw hyampp. B ZyImev JpB am{Xsa FgpXnhm \_n(kz) A\phZnncppp. ]noSv l Zokpw FgpXnshm\\phZnp. JpB\v ]pdsa ap hlvbpIfpw \_n(kz)v e`nncpp. Ccw lZokpIsf JpZvknmb lZokpIsfv ]dbpp. A_vZpmln_v\p Awdp_v\p Bkzn(d)hmWs{X BZys lZokv {Kns D]mXmhv. Atlw tcJsSpnb lZokv kamlmcn\v Azlo^XpzmZnJ: FmWv t]cnncnpXv. cmas lZokv {Kw lpamap_v\pap\lv(d) (lnPvd 40131) t{ImUoIcn Azlo^Xpzlol: F IrXnbmsWv ]dbsSpp. Dadp_v\p A_vZn Akokv(d) (lnPvd 61 101) lZokv t{ImUoIcWn {]tXyIw {inncpp. Ap t{ImUoIcns lZokv {Kfn ]eXpw Cv e`ya. Camw AlvaZn(d) s\tmeph lZokv tiJcWn Cu IrXnIfn NneXns\ Ahew_amnbnpv. ASppw Nnbpanm \nebnembncpp BZyImes t{ImUoIcW. IpdpIqSn NntbmsS lZokpI t{ImUoIcnhcmWv A_qZmhqZpzbmeokn(d) (lnPvd 133204), CkvlmJp_v\p dmlsshln(d) (161238), Dkvam\p_v\p A_ossi_(d) (156239), AlvaZp_v\pl(d) (164241) Fnh. Fm ]eXcw Xm]cyfpw shp]penbncp BfpI XfpsS Xm]cy\pkcnv lZokpI sInbpmm XpSnbtXmsS hnizmk tbmKyfmb lZokpIsf InX lZokpIfn \nv thXncnsSpm aplnkpI ITn\ bXv \w sNbvXp. lZokv kzoImcyamsWv Ddnm Iifmb ]e am\Zfpw shp. JmhmcnPpIsf hmZnp tXmnm\mbn apl_p_v\pA_okp^vd I lZokpI \nanXmbn ]dbsSpp. aZo\bnse C_v\pA_oblvbm,_KvZmZnse AhmJnZn, Jpdmkm\nse apJZp_v\pkew, kndnbbnse aplZp_v\psskZv XpSnbh hymP lZokpIfpsS \namXmmfmbmWv Ncn{Xn AdnbsSpXv. Iq^bnse Hcp hymP\mb C_v\p Aeo Hu^msb InX lZokpIfpsS \namWn\v h[inv hn[nstm Xm \membncw lZokpI \nanXmbn Abm Ipdd kXw \Snbs{X. IpaXpw ]cnjvIrX coXnbnepw hnjb\pkcnv Aymbfmbn thXncnpw Xm sNbvX lZokp {Kfn Ghpw kzoImcyambh BsdamWv. Chsb kzn lmlpn: Fv hnfnpp. Ah Xmsg ]dbphbmWv. 1) kzlolp_pJmcn. Camw _pJmcn(d)hns IfIvj\mWnXv. lnPvd (194256) ImemWv Atlw PohnXv. 2) kzlolpapkvenw. Camw apkvenap_v\p Jpssi(d) (204261) BWv {KImhv. 3) kp\\pA_oZmhqZv (202275). 4) PmanDnapZn (209 279). 5) kp\\p\kmC (215303), 6) kp\\p_v\pamP (209273). lZokpIsfIpdnp hniZamb ]T\w, lZokv F `mK nepw apIfn ]d lZokv ]WvVnXmcpsS Poh Ncn{Xw, Ncn{Xw F `mKpw sImSpnpv. CPvamAv Ckvemans aqmas {]amWamWv CPvamAv. ]WvVnXmcpsS GtIm]np Xocpam\w FYw. Hcp hnjbn Hcp ImeLnse apPvXlnZpIfmb ]WvVnXm JpBsbpw kpnsbpw ASnm\n GtIm]nsSpp hn[nXomWv CPvamAv. CXv kzoIcn apkvenw kaqln\v \n_amWv. Fs kapZmbw Zp amKn tbmPnpIbn F \_nhN\w CPvamCs {]amWnIXv sXfnhmWv. CPvamCs D]m[nIsf kw_nv ]WvVnXmnSbn hyXykvX hoWfpv. Hcp ImeLnse apPvXlnZpI GtIm]nsSpp Xocpam\w FmWv `qcn] ]WvVnXcpw CPvamCs\ ImWpXv. aZo\m \nhmknIfpsS \S]Sn {Iav CPvamCs m\apsmWv Camw amenIv(d)hns hoWw. Znhy shfnmSns\pdnpw \_nbpsS {]h\sfpdnpw Ipw tIpw a\nempXn ap apkvenw kaqltfm A{]amZnXz]camb Ahkcw e`nhcmWv aZo\m \nhmknI. AXpsIm v Ah Hcp hnjbn tbmPnm AXv AwKoIcntXmsWmWv Camw amenn(d)s ]w.kzlm_nIfpsS CPvamAv am{Xsa kzoImcyamhpIbppshmWv ZmhqZpzmlncn(d) A`n{]mbsnpXv. CPvamCs\pdnv hniZamb ]T\w aZvl_v F `mKpv. Jnbmkv \memas ASnm\w Jnbmkv BWv. Xpe\w sN FmWv Cu ]Zn\Yw. JpB, lZokv, CPvamAv Fnh A\pkcnv Hcp hnjbn h hn[nsb B[mcamn kam\Xbp asmcp hnjbn \Sp kZriym\pam\amWv Jnbmkv. \nba \namWmhiyn\v BZyambn Jnbmkv D]tbmKnXv Camw A_ql\o^(d)bmWv. Xnanw Atlns A\pbmbnIsf AlvepdAvbv Fv hnfnp hncpp. bpnpw Nnpw JpB\pw lZokpw \Ip t{]mml\amWv Jnbmkns ASnm\w. \_n(kz) apBZv(d)hns\ ba\nse KhWdmbn \ntbmKnpsImv bm{Xbbptm \Snb A`napJw {]knamWv. \nsfs\ hn[n \Spw? \_n(kz) tNmZnp. Amlphns InXm_v A\pkcnv; apBZv(d) adp]Sn ]dp. Amlphns {Kn  hn[n Insntem? \_n(kz) tNmZnp. Fn Amlphns ZqXs kpv A\pkcnv; apBZv(d) ]dp. AXnepw Insnsem? \_n(kz) Bhnp. Fs bpnb\pkcn;v apBZv(d) adp]Sn ]dp. CXv tIv \_n(kz) kpjvSn {]ISnnp. JpB\nepw kpnepw t\pt\sc hn[n ImWm {]iv\fn AhbpsS shfnn A\pam\m\w sImv hn[n I]nmsav Cu kw`hw sXfnbnpp. Jnbmkv \mep Imcysf B{ibnncnpp. 1. CkvXnlvkm: ]]mXclnXamb A`n{]mbw 2. CkvXnkzvemlv: s]mXp\ 3. CkvXnZvem: \ymbbpn 4. akzmenlpapke: P\ta Xm]cyw. Atm Jnbmkv, JpB\pw kppw CPvamDw B[mcamn s]mXp \bpw kmaq ly Xm]cyfpw P\tahpw cmjv{S ]ptcmKXnbpsams IWnseSpv \ymb bpnbneqsS icoAns k Dsmp sImv FSpp hn[n XopIfmWv. AXn Hcp Xcnep ]]mXnXztam hynXm]cytam ISphcm ]mSpX. Fmetpw _m[Iamb Hcp ka{KPohnX ]Xn F \nev Ckvemans alXzhpw kmh ImenIXbpw \ne\nm Jnbmkv F \memas {]amWw Ckveman \v Gsd klmbIamWv.
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