ap^vXn

^Xvh \ÂIm³ AÀlXbpÅ ]WvVnXsc Camw \hhn (d) A©mbn Xncn¨ncn ¡p¶p. H¶mw ]ZhnbnepÅhÀ kzX{´hpw \ncp]m[nIhpamb CPvXnlmZv \S¯n ^Xvh \ÂIm³ tbmKyXbpÅhcmWv. aäv \mep ]ZhbnepÅhÀ¡v kz´ambn \nZm\ imkv{Xw cq]s¸Sp¯m³ Ignbm¯Xn\m \nZm\ imkv{X¯n ChÀ kzX{´amb CPvXnlmZn\v IgnhpÅhcÃ. C¯c¯nepÅhÀ \nZm\ imkv{X¯nse ¦nepw Hcp Camans\ Ahew`nt¨ ]äq. ChÀ `mKnIambn CPvXnlmZn\v _m[yØ cmWv. \hhn (d) XpScp¶p: Hcp Camant\mSv tNÀ¶v \n¡p¶ ap^vXnIfn \memw Øm\¯ncn¡p¶ hyàn aZvl_nse k¦oÀ®hpw AÃm¯hbpamb Imcy§Ä {Kln¡pI, Ah D²cn¡pI, aZvl_ns\ sam¯ambn lrZnØam¡pI XpS§nb KpW§Ä kt½fn¨h\mbncn¡Ww. ]t£, aZvl_nsâ tcJIÄ kaÀYn¡pI, Jn bmkp (Xpe\w sN¿Â) IÄ ØncoIcn¡pI XpS§nb {]bmkIcamb Imcy§fn AbmÄ¡v Ignhp­mbncn¡pIbnÃ. ]t£, B[nImcnI {KÙ§Ä B[cam¡n \ Ip¶ ^Xvhbn At±ls¯ Ahew_n¡mhp¶XmWv.

C{]Imcw aZvl_n hyàambn ]cmaÀin¡m¯ Hcp hnjb¯n Kl\amb Nn´ IqSmsX X¯peyamb asäm¶v aZvl_n \n¶v Xs¶ Ct±l¯n\v hyàambm AXnt\mSv Jnbmkv \S¯mhp¶Xpw AX\pkcn¨v ^Xvh \ÂImhp¶XpamWv. aZvl_nsâ s]mXp\nba¯nsâ hym]vXnbn B Imcyw DÄs¸Spsa¶v t_m[ys¸Sp t¼mgpw {]kvXpX s]mXp \nba {]Imcw hn[n \nÀ®bn¡mw. C¯c¯nepÅX Ãm¯ hnjb§fn Ct±lw ^Xvh \ÂImhp¶Xà (idlp apl±_v 1:44).

ap^vXnIfpsS \memw Øm\¯pÅhcpsS KpW§fmWv Camw \hhn (d) ]dªXv. hyàamb Jnbmkns\ Ipdn¨mWv C{Xbpw ]dªXv. F¶m Ahyàamb Jnbmkn\v C¯c¡mÀ¡v km[ytabÃ. ta \n_Ô\Ifp­mhpt¼mÄ am{XamWv hyàamb Jnbmkv Xs¶ ssIImcyw sN¿m\mhpI. F¶m tJZIcsa¶v ]dbs«, Camw \hhn (d) ]dª H¶mw ]ZhnbmWn¶v ]ecpw AhImis¸Sp¶Xv. F¶m ap^vXnIfpsS A©mw ]Zhn¡p t]mepw tbmPn¨hÀ C¶v \nehnensöv C¯c¡mÀ Adnbp¶nÃ. lnPvdx aq¶mw \qäm­n\v tijw kzX{´ CPvXnlmZv \S¯m³ Ign hmÀPn¨hÀ D­mbn«nÃ.

Camw iAvdm\n (d) ]dbp¶p: ""Hcp Camant\mSpw tNÀ¶v \n¡msX kzX{´ambn CPvXnlmZv \S¯m³ X\n¡mIpsa¶v \mev CamapIÄ¡v tijw apl½Zp_v\p PcodpXz_vcn (d) bÃmsX hmZn¨n«nÃ. At±l¯nsâ hmZw AwKoIcn¡s¸«n«panÃ."" aokm\p Ip_vd 1:16).

kzX{´ CPvXnlmZn\p tbmKyXbnsænepw \ncp]m[nIw Jnbmkv \S¯m³ Ignbp ¶hcmWv "Akzvlm _p hpPqlv 'F¶dnbs¸Sp¶hÀ. \memw \qäm­n\v tijw Cu tbmKyXbpÅhcpw D­mbn«nÃ. C_v\plPÀ (d) ]dbp¶p: ""ap^vXn¡mhiyamb \n_Ô\IÄ H¡msX hcnIbpw ^Xvh \ÂIm³ AÀlXbpÅhcpsS cN\bn Xsâ hnjbw CÃmsX hcnIbpw sNbvXm ^Xvh \ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ. Xsâ hnjb hpambn kmayXbpÅ Ht¶m ct­m hnjb§Ä e`n¨mepw icn. ^nJvlnsâ apgph³ A²ymb§fnepw apPvXlnZv apXzveJv kzoIcn¡p¶ \nZm\ \nba§fn ka{K Úm\apÅhcmWv IÀ½ imkv{X¯n kmKcXpeycmbhÀ. Camw hyàambn ]d ªn«nÃm¯ akvAeIfn Jnbmkv \S¯n hn[n ]dbm³ C¯c¡mÀ¡v Ignbpw. CXp]t£, Akzvlm_p hpPqlnsâ ]ZhnbmWv. C¡me¯v A¯cw ]WvVnX cnÃ. ImcWw lnPvdx 400 \v tijw B ]ZhnbnepÅhÀ D­mbn«nà (^Xmh Ip_vd :4:296).

ta hnhcW¯n \n¶v \mev Imcy§Ä hyàamWv. (1) \ncp]m[nIw Jnbmkv \S ¯m³ IgnhpÅhÀ  lnPvd 400 \v tijw D­mbn«nÃ. (2) C^vXmCsâ A©mw ]Z hnbnepÅhÀ¡v t]mepw hyàamb Jnbmkv am{Xta sN¿m\mIq. (3) C^vXmCsâ FÃm ]Zhnbpw AkvXan¨v Ignª C¡me¯v Jnbmkv F¶ {]iv\ta DZn¡p¶nÃ. (4) C\nbpw CPvXnlmZnsâ IhmSw Xpd¶p sh¨v CamapamcmIm³ {ian¡p¶Xv `qjWaÃ.

C_v\p lPÀ (d) ]dbp¶p: ""CPvXnlmZv \S¯nbncn¡Wsa¶ IÂ]\ AXn \v ]WvVnX·mÀ ]dª \n_Ô\IÄ H¯nW§nb  ]WvVnX·mtcmSmsW¶v IÀ ½ imkv{X ]WvVnX·mÀ hyàam¡nbn«p­v. ]n¡me¯pÅ ]WvVnXscm¶pw ta \n_Ô\IfpÅhcmbn \n\¡v e`n¡pIbnÃ. Cu kmlNcy¯n CPvXnlmZv \S¯mXncn¡p¶Xn Ahcmcpw Ipä¡mcÃ. ImcWw ]WvVnXÀ ]dª \n_Ô \Ifnsem¶mWv IqÀ½_p²n. ]cn{ia imenbmb HcmÄ¡v CPvXnlmZnsâ ]Zhnbn se¯m³ ]cym]vXamb _p²n iànbmWv CXp sIm­v hnh£. \½psS Akzv lm_pw AÃm¯hcpamb \nch[n ]WvVnX·mÀ PohnXImew apgph³ ]cn{i an¨n«pw ta Øm\w IcØam¡m\mbnÃ. AXn\m  ]WvVnX·mÀ ]dª IqÀa _p²nbpÅhcà Ahsc¶v \mw a\Ênem¡p¶p (^Xmh Ip_vd:4:303).

C_v\p JÂZq\nsâ hnJymX Ncn{X {KÙamb apJ±nabn ]dbp¶p. ""FÃm cmPy§fpw \mep aZvl_nsâ CamapIsf XJveoZv sN¿p¶Xn tbmPn¨ncn¡p¶p. CPvXnlmZnsâ ]Zhn ssIhcn¡p¶Xn\p amÀ¤ XSÊap­mhpIbpw A\Àlcmb BfpIÄ CPvXnlmZn ]«w Nabpsa¶v `bs¸SpIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ X§Ä CPvXn lmZn\v AiàcmW¶v ]WvVnX·mscÃmw {]Jym]n¡pIbpw \mep CamapIsf XJveoZv sN¿m³ P\§sf t{]cn¸n¡pIbpap­mbn. C¶v apkvenwIÄ \mensemcp aZvl_v XJveoZv sN¿p¶Xn am{Xw HXp§n \n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. CXv a\Ênem ¡nbXn\memWv XuloZv kwØm]\hpambn cwK{]thiw sNbvX C_v\p A_vZp hlvlm_p t]mepw C{]Imcw {]kvXmhn¨Xv. ""IÀ½]cambn \mw AlvaZv_v\p l¼en (d) sâ aZvl_v kzoIcn¨hcmWv. \men GXv aZvl_v kzoIcn¨htcbpw \mw FXnÀ¡p¶nÃ. aäp aZvl_pIÄ t{ImUoIr‏XaÃm¯Xn\m Ah A\pIcn¡m hXÃ. dm^nfn¿¯v, sskZn¿¯v, Camanb¯v XpS§nbhsc \mw AwKoIcn¡pt¶ bnÃ. \men Hcp aZvl_v kzoIcn¡m³ \mw Ahsc \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶p. \ncp]m[nIw CPvXnlmZnsâ ]Zhn \mw AhImis¸Sp¶nÃ. A§s\ AhImis¸Sp¶hÀ \½psS AcnIn CÃXm\pw (knbm\Xp C³km³ 474).