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{]tXyI ^o

\_nZn\w

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CPvamAv

apkvenw temIw AwKoIcn JWvVnXamb tcJbmWv CPvamAv. \kvJn\p(1)t]mepw CXp hnt[ba. CPvamAv sImv ncs Hcp hnjbn\p Hcnepw \nba {]m _eyw \jvSamIn. CPvamAv Zo\n sXfnhmsWv Ipdnp Bbns\ kw_ nv Camw im^nCu (d) tbmSv tNmZnstm apqdv {]mhiyw JpB ]mcm bWw sNbvX tijw \nkmAv kqdnse BbmWv FnXv (dmkn, hmfyw 13, t]Pv 43).

""kmKw hyamb tijw Bscnepw {]hmNIv FXncmhpIbpw apAvan\pI kzoIcnXm amKw ]npScpIbpw sNbvXm Aht\sSpXns `mcw Ah s\s \mw Gnpw. Ahs\ \mw \cKntep tNpw. AXp sNptN cp efn shv Ghpw NobmIpp'' F BibapsmpXmWv D]cyp kqw.

apAvan\pIfptSXm amKw kzoIcnpXns `hnjypI Cu kqw hy ampp. Hcp hnjbnep CPvamAv kXyhnizmknIfpsS amKambXn\m AXp AhKWn asmcp amKtmSp XpScembncnpw. AXp h Ipfn s]Spsav ssiJv lk\p AYzm (d) lminbXp PwC PhmanAv hmfyw 2, t]Pv 233  hyamnbncnpp.

tIhew apAvan\pIfpsS am{Xw GtIm]\a CPvamAv. {]XyqX Cuam\nI amb ]qXbpw AKm[amb ]mWvVnXyhpw KthjW ]SpXzhap ]WvVn XmcpsS GtIm]\amWXv.

Camw kp_vIn (d) CPvamCs\ C{]Imcw \nNnncnpp. ""\_n (kz) bpsS h^m Xn\p tijw GsXnepw hnjbn Hcp Imep KthjW ]SpXz ap ] VnXm apgph GtIm]npI''. CPvamAv apPvXlnZpIsf sImv am{Xw {]tXy IamWv. aphcpsS GtIm]\n\p Hcp {]knbpan. CXp AhnXnXas{X (PwD PhmanAv hmfyw 2, t]Pv 176, 177).

JpB, kpv, CPvamAv Fnhsb Xpey {]m[m\ytmsSbmWv JpB Xs ]cnNbsSppXv. Amlp ]dbpp :""Amlphn\pw dkqen\pw Dep Awdn\pw \n hgnsSpI'' (kqdpnkmAv) Camw dmkn(d) Cu Bbns\ hniZoIcnpXp ImWpI.

""Cu Bbn Amlphn\pw dkqen\pw hgnsSm ]dXnt\msSmamWv DepAwdn\pw hgnsSm Amlp IenXv. Atm Amlphns\bpw dkqens\bpw t]mses sXp kw`hnm hn`mKambncnWw DepAwdv. ImcWw sXv kw`hnphv hgnsSm Amlp Xdnv ]dbn. Amlphn\pw dkqen\pw hgnsSWsav I]n AtX ssienbnemWv Dep Awdn\p hgnsSm\pw ]dbpXv. AXn\m DepAwdv sXv kw`hnmhcm sWv Xo. Anbmp Cu khntijXbph Hcp \nnX kaqlam IWw. Ahcs{X Alvep ln h AJvZv (apPvXlnZpI). Atm Amlphn sbpw dkqensbpw hmpI tcJbmIp {]Imcw apPvXlnIpfmIp kaql ns A`n{]mbhpw tcJbmsWv ncsp ( X^vkodp dmkn: hmfyw 10, t]Pv 144).

JpB kppt]msebp Hcp tcJbmbn KWnsSpXv AhcpsS GtIm]\w am{XamWv. Hs A`n{]mbf, Camw dmkn (d) ]dbpp: ""ta Bbn sam hnjbsf cmbn Amlp hn`Pnncnpp.

(1) hn[n hyambXv. Ahbn Amlphn\pw dkqen\pw DepAwdn\pw hgnsSm \mWv Amlphns \ntiw. (2) hn[n hyamXv. Ahbn CPvXnlmZv \S m\mWv \ntiw. AXntep kqN\bmWv \nkmAv kqdnse An HXmw Bbv (dmkn: hmfyw 10, t]Pv 148).

ta hniZoIcWn \nv JpB, kpv Fnh t]mse asmcp ASn m\ tcJbmWv CPvamAv Fpw Hcp Imcyn CPvamAv ncsm ]noSv CPvXnZmln\p m\anspw hyambn. CPvamCs ]cnKW\obXbmWv CXp hnfntmXpXv. AXn\memWv Hcp hnjbIambn ncs CPvamC\p hn]coXw sN \njnamsWv Camw kp_vIn(d) PwDPhmanC {]kvXmhnm ImcWw. JpB kqn hyamb XmoXv hXn\m ewL\w h Ip n s]Spsav lminbXp AXzm: hmfyw 2, t]Pv 233  hyamnbnpv.

C{]Imcw GIIWvTamb {]kvXmh\ ]WvVnXm \SWsan Bhiyamb tcJ e`nncnWw. {]kvXpX tcJ \apv e`nnsXp apPvXlnZpIfpsS CPvamCs\ _m[npIbn. hmkvXhn Cu hnjbIambn CPvamAv Xs {]k ampXv X kw_amb tcJ \ap e`nmXncnptmgmWv.

aZvl_ns ]WvVnXscmw CXp ]dnpv. im^nCu \nZm\ imkv{X {Kamb PwDPhmanAv hmfyw 2, t]Pv 195, l\^o \nZm\ imkv{X {Kamb ^hmXnlpd lvaqv hmfyw 2, t]Pv 239, amenIo \nZm\ imkv{Xamb apXl Aa hmfyw 1, t]Pv 43 Fnh t\mpI.

CXpsImmWv \nivNnXamb Hcp lZokns\ kw_nv AXp \kvJv sNsXm sWpw, \kvJnt Adnbnp sXfnhv CPvamBsWpw lm^nfv henp CdmJn (d) ^Xvlp apKokv t]Pv 322  {]kvXmhnXv.

idCmb eyns ]n_eanmsX Hcp hnjbn apPvXlnZpIfpsS CPv amAv kw`hnn. sXfnhns A`mhnep GtIm]\w sXmb Imcyntep GtIm]\amWv. CXp kw`hyasv \_n (kz) ]dXmbn lm^nfv A_q\psFw (d) lnbXv hmfyw 3, t]Pv 33 epw C_v\p Amkv (d) hgn XnapZnbpw ss_lJn (d) bpw \nthZ\w sNbvXXmbn A Zpdp akzq hmfyw 2, t]Pv 222 epw A_p\fvdXv (d) hgn Camw AlvaZv (d) \nthZ\w sNbvXXmbn aPvaDhmCZv hmfyw 1, t]Pv 177 epw ImWmhpXmWv. A_q\fvdXn (d)  \nv Cu lZokv Camw Xz_vdm\n (d) bpw C_v\p apZqb (d) bpw \nthZ\w sNbvXXmbn A‏Zpdp akzq hmfyw 3, t]Pv 18 epw Dcnnpv.

(1)\nehnep \nabs FSppIfbpXn\mWv \kvJv Fp ]dbpI. CXv Am lphn \nv \_n (kz) aptJ\ e`np hnjbamWv. BcpsSbpw hntcm[n\v Cu hnjbn {]knbn. \kvJv \SXmbn Adnbm\p Hcp amKamWv CPv amAv. Camw im^nCu (d) bpw Cmcyw AwKoIcnnpv. Camw im^nCu (d) ]d bpp: ""acWw Bkamb tcmKn Xs AhIminIv kzns \nnX hn lnXw hkznmbn \IWsamWv JpBs I]\. A\cmhIminI v hkznns lZokv aplnkpI (lZokv ]WvVnXm) kzoIcnp n. ]t, {]kvXpX lZokns Bibw k ]VnXmcpw GtIm]nXmb Xn\m JpB ]d hkznv \nbaw A{]m_eyams \nbaam sWv ]VnXm {]kvXmhnp (^Xvlp aplow hmfyw 1, t]Pv 58).

Camw Kmen (d) FgpXpp: "Hcp hnjbn KthjWw \Sp apPvXlnZv, X hnjbIambn CPvamAv Dtm FmWv BZyambn NnntXv. CPvamAv Dsv kvYncsm InXm_nepw kpnepap ]cntim[\ Dt]nt XmWv. ImcWw Ah cpw \kvJn\p hnt[bamWv. CPvamAv \kvJn\p hnt[ba. BbXn\m InXm_nepw kpnepw DXn\v hncpambn CPvamAv ncsm \kvJv \SnpsXn\p AXpXs JWvVnXamb sXfnhmWv''(A apkvX kzv^ hmfyw 2, t]Pv 392).

Npcpn, CPvamAv CmtmgmWv kpntev aStsXp hcp tm kpnt\m apKW\bp tcJbmWv CPvamAv Fp hcpp. Atm AhcpsS GtIm]\w (CPvamAv) ncsm ]ns AXns\Xncn kp v Isnbm Xsbpw AXp tcJbmbn Ahew_nmXpw CPvamAv Ahew_ntXpamWv. {]kvXpX lZokpw AXns hymJym\hpw Isnb apPvXlnZpIfmWtm AXns\Xncn GtIm]npXv. CXpXsbmWv Dkzq {Kfn CPvamAv \zns\m apnstSXmsWv ]dXns clkyw (CwD PhmanAv hmfyw 2, t]Pv 372 t\mpI).

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