ap^vXn

^Xvh \ÂImł AŔlXbpĹ ]WvVnXsc Camw \hhn (d) A©mbn Xncn¨ncn ˇp¶p. H¶mw ]ZhnbnepĹhŔ kzX{´hpw \ncp]m[nIhpamb CPvXnlmZv \SŻn ^Xvh \ÂImł tbmKyXbpĹhcmWv. aäv \mep ]ZhbnepĹhŔˇv kz´ambn \nZm\ imkv{Xw cq]s¸SpŻmł IgnbmŻXn\m \nZm\ imkv{XŻn ChŔ kzX{´amb CPvXnlmZn\v IgnhpĹhcĂ. CŻcŻnepĹhŔ \nZm\ imkv{XŻnse ¦nepw Hcp Camans\ Ahew`nt¨ ]äq. ChŔ `mKnIambn CPvXnlmZn\v _m[yŘ cmWv. \hhn (d) XpScp¶p: Hcp Camant\mSv tNŔ¶v \n¡p¶ ap^vXnIfn \memw Řm\Żncnˇp¶ hyŕn aZvl_nse k¦oŔ®hpw AĂmŻhbpamb Imcy§Ä {KlnˇpI, Ah D˛cnˇpI, aZvl_ns\ samŻambn lrZnŘamˇpI XpS§nb KpW§Ä kt˝fn¨h\mbncnˇWw. ]tŁ, aZvl_nsâ tcJIÄ kaŔYnˇpI, Jn bmkp (Xpe\w sNżÂ) IÄ ŘncoIcnˇpI XpS§nb {]bmkIcamb Imcy§fn Abmġv Ignhp­mbncnˇpIbnĂ. ]tŁ, B[nImcnI {KŮ§Ä B[camˇn \ Ip¶ ^Xvhbn At±lsŻ Ahew_nˇmhp¶XmWv.

C{]Imcw aZvl_n hyŕambn ]cmaŔinˇmŻ Hcp hnjbŻn Kl\amb Nn´ IqSmsX XŻpeyamb asäm¶v aZvl_n \n¶v Xs¶ Ct±lŻn\v hyŕambm AXnt\mSv Jnbmkv \SŻmhp¶Xpw AX\pkcn¨v ^Xvh \ÂImhp¶XpamWv. aZvl_nsâ s]mXp\nbaŻnsâ hym]vXnbn B Imcyw DÄs¸Spsa¶v t_m[ys¸Sp tĽmgpw {]kvXpX s]mXp \nba {]Imcw hn[n \nŔ®bnˇmw. CŻcŻnepĹX ĂmŻ hnjb§fn Ct±lw ^Xvh \ÂImhp¶XĂ (idlp apl±_v 1:44).

ap^vXnIfpsS \memw Řm\ŻpĹhcpsS KpW§fmWv Camw \hhn (d) ]dŞXv. hyŕamb Jnbmkns\ Ipdn¨mWv C{Xbpw ]dŞXv. F¶m Ahyŕamb Jnbmkn\v CŻcˇmŔˇv km[ytabĂ. ta \n_Ô\Ifp­mhptĽmÄ am{XamWv hyŕamb Jnbmkv Xs¶ ssIImcyw sNżm\mhpI. F¶m tJZIcsa¶v ]dbs«, Camw \hhn (d) ]dŞ H¶mw ]ZhnbmWn¶v ]ecpw AhImis¸Sp¶Xv. F¶m ap^vXnIfpsS A©mw ]Zhnˇp t]mepw tbmPn¨hŔ C¶v \nehnensöv CŻcˇmŔ Adnbp¶nĂ. lnPvdx aq¶mw \qäm­n\v tijw kzX{´ CPvXnlmZv \SŻmł Ign hmŔPn¨hŔ D­mbn«nĂ.

Camw iAvdm\n (d) ]dbp¶p: ""Hcp Camant\mSpw tNŔ¶v \n¡msX kzX{´ambn CPvXnlmZv \SŻmł X\nˇmIpsa¶v \mev CamapIġv tijw apl˝Zp_v\p PcodpXz_vcn (d) bĂmsX hmZn¨n«nĂ. At±lŻnsâ hmZw AwKoIcnˇs¸«n«panĂ."" aokm\p Ip_vd 1:16).

kzX{´ CPvXnlmZn\p tbmKyXbnsænepw \ncp]m[nIw Jnbmkv \SŻmł Ignbp ¶hcmWv "Akzvlm _p hpPqlv 'F¶dnbs¸Sp¶hŔ. \memw \qäm­n\v tijw Cu tbmKyXbpĹhcpw D­mbn«nĂ. C_v\plPŔ (d) ]dbp¶p: ""ap^vXnˇmhiyamb \n_Ô\IÄ HˇmsX hcnIbpw ^Xvh \ÂImł AŔlXbpĹhcpsS cN\bn Xsâ hnjbw CĂmsX hcnIbpw sNbvXm ^Xvh \ÂImł ]mSnĂ. Xsâ hnjb hpambn kmayXbpĹ Ht¶m ct­m hnjb§Ä e`n¨mepw icn. ^nJvlnsâ apgphł A˛ymb§fnepw apPvXlnZv apXzveJv kzoIcnˇp¶ \nZm\ \nba§fn ka{K Úm\apĹhcmWv IŔ˝ imkv{XŻn kmKcXpeycmbhŔ. Camw hyŕambn ]d Şn«nĂmŻ akvAeIfn Jnbmkv \SŻn hn[n ]dbmł CŻcˇmŔˇv Ignbpw. CXp]tŁ, Akzvlm_p hpPqlnsâ ]ZhnbmWv. CˇmeŻv AŻcw ]WvVnX cnĂ. ImcWw lnPvdx 400 \v tijw B ]ZhnbnepĹhŔ D­mbn«nĂ (^Xmh Ip_vd :4:296).

ta hnhcWŻn \n¶v \mev Imcy§Ä hyŕamWv. (1) \ncp]m[nIw Jnbmkv \S Żmł IgnhpĹhŔ  lnPvd 400 \v tijw D­mbn«nĂ. (2) C^vXmCsâ A©mw ]Z hnbnepĹhŔˇv t]mepw hyŕamb Jnbmkv am{Xta sNżm\mIq. (3) C^vXmCsâ FĂm ]Zhnbpw AkvXan¨v IgnŞ CˇmeŻv Jnbmkv F¶ {]iv\ta DZnˇp¶nĂ. (4) C\nbpw CPvXnlmZnsâ IhmSw Xpd¶p sh¨v CamapamcmImł {ianˇp¶Xv `qjWaĂ.

C_v\p lPŔ (d) ]dbp¶p: ""CPvXnlmZv \SŻnbncnˇWsa¶ IÂ]\ AXn \v ]WvVnX·mŔ ]dŞ \n_Ô\IÄ HŻnW§nb  ]WvVnX·mtcmSmsW¶v IŔ ˝ imkv{X ]WvVnX·mŔ hyŕamˇnbn«p­v. ]n¡meŻpĹ ]WvVnXscm¶pw ta \n_Ô\IfpĹhcmbn \n\ˇv e`nˇpIbnĂ. Cu kmlNcyŻn CPvXnlmZv \SŻmXncnˇp¶Xn Ahcmcpw IpäˇmcĂ. ImcWw ]WvVnXŔ ]dŞ \n_Ô \Ifnsem¶mWv IqŔ˝_p˛n. ]cn{ia imenbmb Hcmġv CPvXnlmZnsâ ]Zhnbn seŻmł ]cym]vXamb _p˛n iŕnbmWv CXp sIm­v hnhŁ. \˝psS Akzv lm_pw AĂmŻhcpamb \nch[n ]WvVnX·mŔ PohnXImew apgphł ]cn{i an¨n«pw ta Řm\w IcŘamˇm\mbnĂ. AXn\m  ]WvVnX·mŔ ]dŞ IqŔa _p˛nbpĹhcĂ Ahsc¶v \mw a\Ęnemˇp¶p (^Xmh Ip_vd:4:303).

C_v\p JÂZq\nsâ hnJymX Ncn{X {KŮamb apJ±nabn ]dbp¶p. ""FĂm cmPy§fpw \mep aZvl_nsâ CamapIsf XJveoZv sNżp¶Xn tbmPn¨ncnˇp¶p. CPvXnlmZnsâ ]Zhn ssIhcnˇp¶Xn\p amŔ¤ XSĘap­mhpIbpw A\Ŕlcmb BfpIÄ CPvXnlmZn ]«w Nabpsa¶v `bs¸SpIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ X§Ä CPvXn lmZn\v AiŕcmW¶v ]WvVnX·mscĂmw {]Jym]nˇpIbpw \mep CamapIsf XJveoZv sNżmł P\§sf t{]cn¸nˇpIbpap­mbn. C¶v apkvenwIÄ \mensemcp aZvl_v XJveoZv sNżp¶Xn am{Xw HXp§n \n¡pIbpw sNżp¶p. CXv a\Ęnem ˇnbXn\memWv XuloZv kwŘm]\hpambn cwK{]thiw sNbvX C_v\p A_vZp hlvlm_p t]mepw C{]Imcw {]kvXmhn¨Xv. ""IŔ˝]cambn \mw AlvaZv_v\p lĽen (d) sâ aZvl_v kzoIcn¨hcmWv. \men GXv aZvl_v kzoIcn¨htcbpw \mw FXnŔˇp¶nĂ. aäp aZvl_pIÄ t{ImUoIr‏XaĂmŻXn\m Ah A\pIcnˇm hXĂ. dm^nfnżŻv, sskZnżŻv, CamanbŻv XpS§nbhsc \mw AwKoIcnˇpt¶ bnĂ. \men Hcp aZvl_v kzoIcnˇmł \mw Ahsc \nŔ_Ônˇp¶p. \ncp]m[nIw CPvXnlmZnsâ ]Zhn \mw AhImis¸Sp¶nĂ. A§s\ AhImis¸Sp¶hŔ \˝psS AcnIn CĂXm\pw (knbm\Xp Cłkmł 474).