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{]tXyI ^o

\_nZn\w

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kImXv

tXv kImXv

]eXcw IhSw

]m{Xfpw tISmb B`cWfpw

kv{Xo[\n\v kImXv

t_mWkv, t{]mhnUv ^v

kzWw, shnbpsS kImXv

Bhiyn\v \onsh hkvXppsS kImXv

B`cWfpsS kImXv

Inm\pff kwJyv kImXv

Iqdp IhSs kImXv

tem FSp IhSw

tXv kImXv

tNm: s\v, tX, IpcpapfIv, Cn Fnhv kImXptm? Dsn F{X? Csn Ch hnpInp Imin\v kImXptm?

D: s\n\v kImXpv. 1920 en s\pmbm kImXv sImSpWw. Nnehv sN bvXp \\pmnbXmsWn Av iXam\hpw Am ]w ]piXam\hpamWv [m\yfpsS kImXv hnlnXw. tX, IpcpapfIv, Cn XpSnb D ]v kImXn. kImXm av Zm\[ Nnetm \n_am bpw ap Nnetm kpmbpw sNtXmWv. AXv hnpInp Imin\v I Wv XnIXn\p tijw sImw ]qnbmbm cciXam\w kImXv sImSpWw.

]eXcw IhSw

tNm: hnhn[ amkfn ]eXcw IhSw XpSnbm kImXv sImSptXv Fs\?

D: Hcmv apldw Hn\v ]Xn\mbncw cq] ifw InnbXv Hcp tj\dn IS XpSm Nnehmn. apldw Hn\pXs B IhSw XpSn. kz^ Hn\v Innb ]Xn\mbncw cq]sImv ]eNcv IhSw XpSn. d_oD A Hn\p Innb ifw sImv tXmhSw XpSn. Atm ASphjw apldn tj\dn ISbnse Ncv 3500 cq] (kImXns kwJy) Dsn ApXs AXn\v kImXv sImSpWw. tijap Hmtcm amknepw XpSnb IhSn\v hjw ]qnbmIptm 3500 cq]bpsn Hmw XnXn Xs kImXv sImSptXmWv.

BZyIhSns hjw ]qnbmbtm 3500 cq]bnsn tijw XpSnb IhSnse Ncn\v IqSn hnesIWw. cpw IqSntm 3500 cq]bpmIpsan kz^ Hn\p kImXv sImSptXmWv. B cv ISbnepw 3500 cq] XnIbpnsn d_oD A Hn\v XpSnb ISbnse Ncns hne IWmn app cv IhSnt\msSmw tNWw. aqpIhSn\pw IqSn kImXv \n_amIp kwJy ]qnbmIptm d_oD A  Hn\mWv kImXv sImSptXv. 3500 ]qnbmIpnsn Hn\pw kImXv sImSptXn.

]m{Xfpw tISmb B`cWfpw

tNm; B`cWn\v kImXn, tISmbn s]nbn kqnm kImXv sImSptXptm?

D: AanXamIm B`cW kv{XoIv kImXnmsX [cnmw. Fm 85 {Kmw Xqw hcp kzWm`cWw tISmbn. AXv Ah Adnnpapv. C\n hopw AXp]tbmKnWsan Agnv Dcpn hmpI Xs thWw. Am sX \mm ]n. CtX Ahbn Hcp sImw kqnm kImXv sImSpWw. ImcWw Hcp hjtmfw 85 {Kmw kzWamWv kqnXv. B`cWa.

tNm: kzWw, shn Fnh sImpmnb ]m{X kqnm AXn\pw kImXv \tIXptm?

D: kv{Xopw ]pcpj\pw kzWnsbpw shnbpsSbpw ]m{X D]tbmKn ldmamWv. Aemc ]m{X \nanptm tad teml sImv BhmXncnm {]tXyIw {intXpv. \njnamb \nev Dmnb ]m{Xv kImXv sImSpWw. Idmlm \nev ]m{Xfn shn D]tbmKnmepw kImXpv. AYhm Hcp ]m{Xn\v Bhiyn\pthn (Aemcn\) shnbpsS IjvWw shp. AXv henb IjvWamsWn IdmlmWv. IjvWw sh shn 595 {Kmapsn AXn\pw kImXpv.

kv{Xo[\n\v kImXv

tNm: \psS \mn \Sp kv{Xo[\n\v kImXptm? Dsn BcmWv \tIXv?

D: kv{Xo[\n\v kImXv \n_amWv. 595 {Kmw shnbpsS hnev kam\amb kwJy DsnemWv kImXv sImSptXv. hjw XnIbptm cciXam\w kImXv \InbncnWw. t_ntem hynIfpsS A[o\ntem kqnp [\n\pw kImXv \n_amWv. kv{Xo[\w `mhns ASp kqnm sh kzv t]msebmWv. ISamtbm kqnms\ \netm \InbXn\memWtm hnhmltamN\w kabw AXv XncnphmpXv. kv{Xo[\ns kImXv kv{XobmWv \tIXv. AXpsImv `mhns acWm\cw kzv hoXnpXn\v apv kv{Xo[\w amnshtXpw AXv kv{Xov \tIXpamWv.

kv{Xo[\w t]msesbmWv hnhmlaqey(alvdv)hpw. CXv kImXns ]cn[nsbpIbpw Hcp hjw ]qnbmhpIbpw sNbvXm kv{Xo AXn\v kImXv \ tIXmWv. kv{Xo[\hpw alvdpw A\phZ\ob B`cWamsWn AXn\v kIm Xv \tIXn.

e`nm\p ISw F{X hjn\ptijw Innbmepw Ign Hmtcm hjn \pw kImXv sImSpWsamWv im^nCu aZvl_v {]Imcap \nbaw. Fm amenIo aZvl_n Hcp hjn\p am{Xw kImXv sImSpm aXnbmIpXmWv.

t_mWkv, t{]mhnUv ^v

tNm: t_mWkv, t{]mhnUv ^v Fnhp kImXptm? Dsn Fs\, Ftm sImSpWw?

D: I\nsmgnemfnIv \Ip t_mWkv e`nXns tijw am{XamWv AhcpsS DSaXbn hcpXv. AXn\m kImXns ]cn[nbnsenb t_mWkv e`ntijw Hcp hjw kqnm am{Xta kImXv \tIXpq. t_mWkv e`n DSs\ kImXv \tIXn.

kmcpw amt\Pvsapw XfpsS Iognep DtZymKcpsS amkmifn \nv \nnX hnlnXw ]nSnsSpv kqnp t{]mhnUv ^v t_m Wkv t]mseb. tPmenbn \np hncan tijamWv DtZymKv {]kvXpX ^v e`npsXnepw XfpsS ifn \nv Hcp XpI amnshptXmSv IqSn B XpI AhcptSXmbngnp. thWsan Bhiym\pkcWw {] kvXpX kwJybn temWmbn FSpm sXmgnemfnIv AhImiapv. t{]m hnUv ^ns hnlnX klnXap ]Ww apgph ifbn\n e`nXmbn sXmgnemfn hudn HnSppv. ^ns hnlnXw ]nSntijw _mn am{Xta sXmgnemfnv e`nppq. CXn\m ifw e`ntijw AXnsemcp hnlnXw t_n kqnpXv t]msebmWXv. t_n kqnp ]Ww t]mse s Cu ^n kImXns kwJy XnIbpsan hjw ]qnbmb tijw AXn\v kImXv sImSptXmWv .Ftm thWsanepw ]nhenmsa \nt]ns X\nkz`mhw CXn\nmXn\m Inm\p ISns AhbmWnXntXv. AYhm ISwsImSp ]Ww Xncnpe`npXns appXs kImXv sImSpm aXnbmIpXmWv. kwJy e`nXns tijamWv kImXv sImSppsXn Ign hjsmw AXmXp hjs kwJybpsS nXnb\pkcnmWv kImXv sImSptXv. BZyhjs kImXns hnln Xw cmw hjnepmIn. BZyhjnse kImXv hnlnXw sUtmknv sNbvXhtX. ]mhfptSXmWv. Atm B hnlnXw Ign tijap kw JymWv cmw hjw kImXv IWmtXv. Atm e`np hnlnXw IgnmWv aqmw hjnse IWv icnbmtXv. As\ Hmtcm hjnsbpw IWv Iqn kImXv \tIXmWv.

kzWw, shnbpsS kImXv

tNm: kzWw, shn Ch F{Xbpmbm sImSpWw? F{XbmWv sImSptXv?

D: Ccp]Xv ankvIm AYhm GItZiw Ccp]ncv Apw cv ]Wqhpw (F]n\mev {Kmapw Fgp\qn Adp]n\mev ann{Kmapw 84/764) kzWtam Ccp\qdv Znlw AYhm An Ht apmecm DdpnI Xqw (595 {Kmapw 250 ann{Kmapw.) shntbm Hcp hjw ssIbnencnpmbm AXns \mXnsemcp `mKw AYhm cc iXam\w kImXv sImSpWw. IqSqX DXn\v cciXam\w tXmXn AXns IW\pkcnpw sImSptXmWv.

tNm: kzWw sImv apkzvl^v Aecnm ]ptam? Aecnm B kzWn\v kImXptm?

D: kv{Xopw ]pcpj\pw apkvzl^v shnsImv Aecn A\phZ\obamWv. apkzvl^v kzWw sImv Aecn ]pcpj\v ldmamsWnepw kv{Xov ldman. apkzvl^v Am Hcp IrXnbpw kv{Xopw ]pcpj\pw kzWap]tbmKnv Aecnm A\phmZan. ]mSnm \nev Aecnm AXv kImXn s \nnX Xqapmp ]w kImXv sImSptXmWv.

Bhiyn\v \onsh hkvXppsS kImXv

tNm: Hcm apldw Hn\v IhSw XpSnsbv knpI. ASphjw apldw ]ndpXns HcmgvN apv Xs ISbn \nv 1000 cq]bpsS hkvXp kzw Bhiyn\mbn \onshp. Asn \onshm\ptin hkvXpsf {]tXyIambn IcpXn. Fm AhsbpSn DsSpnbnmtWm kImXv IWmtXv?

D: BsIbp hkvXpfpsS IWsSpptm kzw Bhiyn\pthn \onsh hkvXpfpsS IWsSptXn. ImcWw \nWbtam \onshtem hgnbmbn B hkvXp IhS kzmXmbn. IhScmbn \ne\np hkvXpfpsS IWsSpv AXn\pam{Xw kImXv sImSpm aXnbmIpXmWv.

B`cWfpsS kImXv

tNm: kImXv IqSmsX Hcp kv{Xov F{X ]h kzWm`cWw D]tbmKnmw?

D: km[mcWbn AanXambn IWmsSp A{Xbpw Xqw B`cWw D]tbmKn ldmamWv. AanXamhpIsbXn\v 200 ankvIm Xqw Fv ]WvVnXm ]dXv DZmlcWw am{XamWv. AXv NppIbpw IqSpIbpw sNmw. l dmamb \nev B`cWw D]tbmKnptm AXn\v kImXv sImSpWw. lememb B`cWmWv kImXnmXv (Xplv^ 3/280).

Inm\pff kwJyv kImXv

tNm: Hcmfn \nv 5000 cq] Inm\pv. AbmtfmSv tNmZnptm, Xcmw Fpw ]dbppv. Inpsa hnizmkn Ign hjw AXns kImXv sImSpp. Ctmgpw Xcmsap ]dbpXmsX kwJy ssIbn Innbnn. Cu sImhpw AXn\v kImXv sImSptXptm? Dsn F{X hjw hsc Inpsa hnizmkn kImXv sImSpWw? 2.5% {]Imcw kImXv sImSp B 5000 cq]bn em`anmXn\m Cu sImw 4875 cq]v kImXv sImSpm  aXnbmIptam?

D: tNmZyn \np a\nemIpXv kwJy Xcm\p B I_fnnpIbmsWmWv. Ccsamchbn kwJy InnbXns tijw kImXv \Inbm aXnbmIpXmWv (Xplv^ 3/335). e`nm\p ISn\v ssIbn \nsSpv kImXv sImSppIbmsWn Fmhjhpw apgph kwJypw kImXv \ tIXmWv. 5000 cq] e`nm\ph AXns kImXv hnlnXw kzw ssIbn  \nsSpv \Inbm ASp hjhpw Abm 5000 cq]v Xs kImXv sImSpWw. ImcWw 5000 cq] AbmfpsS DSaXbnemWv Hcp sImw ]qnbmnbXv.

Iqdp IhSs kImXv

tNm: DSabpw \SnpImc\pw em`n Iqdp IhSamsWn kImXv sImSptXv Fs\?

D: Hcmv ]Ww apSn kzambn IhSw \Sm {]bmkamIptm asmcmsf IhSn\v Gnp ]Xnhpv. CXn\v Jndmfv FmWv t]cv. ChnsS \SnpImc A[zm\w am{XamWv apSpXv. A]c ]Whpw. em`hnlnXn cmfpw ]pImcmIpp.

sImw ]qnbmIptm ISbnep apgph hkvXppw hnesIn, sam w em`w AXntev tNnv AXns cciXam\w kImXv \IWw. samw kwJybn \np kImXv hnlnXw IgnnmWv em`w Hmlcn sNtXv.

tem FSp IhSw

tNm: tem FSpv IhSw XpSnbh AXv ASpXopXn\v apv kImXv sImSptXptm?

D: kImXv sImSptXpv. Xs DSaXbn IhSw XpSnbXv apX Hcp hjw ]qnbmIptm AXns kImXv Abm \IWw. IhSmc\v ISapXv sImv IhSns kImXn \npw ap\mhn.

apXapSn\pw em`n\pw kImXv

tNm: dP_v Hn\v Hcmv Acew cq] e`np. ASp im hsc B ]Ww Abm Hpw sNbvXn. im ]n\v B ]Ww sImv Iptd ImenIsf hmn. Zplv amkw Hn\v apgph ImenIsfbpw henb em`n\v hnp. em`w \mXn\mbncw cq]. ]ns Abm IhSw sNbvXn. 90000 cq] Abm `{Zambn kqnpIbmWv. Cu Ahbn kImXv Fs\ sImSpWw?

D: apXapSn\v AXns hjhpw em`n\v AXns hjhpw IWpIqn kImXv sImSpWw. ASp dP_v Hn\v Acens cciXam\hpw Zplv Hn\v \mXn\mbncns cciXam\hpamWv kImXmbnv \tIXv.

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