]pcpjsâ kwc£W¯n³ IognemWv kv{XoIfpsS PohnXkpc£ F¶XpsIm¬SmWtÃm kv{Xo ]pcpj\p A\pkcWw {]ISn¸n¡pIbpw `À¯mhv \ÂIp¶ \nÀt±tim]tZi§Ä kzoIcn¡pIbpw thWsa¶v Ckvemw I¸n¨Xv. ]pcpj³amÀ kv{XoIfpsS ta A[oim[nImcap ÅhcmWv.  AÃmlp NneÀ¡v Nnesc¡mÄ Hu¶Xyw \ÂInbXpsIm¬ SmWXv  F¶p JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶p¬Sv.  kv{Xo ]pcpj\v A\pkcWw ImWn¡pIbpw hnt[bXzw {]ISn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿Ww.  Asæn ]pcp j³ kv{Xosb A\pkcn¡pIbpw hnt[bXzw ImWn¡pIbpw sN¿Ww.  Cu c¬Sv ho£W§fn H¶mas¯Xns\ Ckvemw t{]mÕmln¸n¡p Ibpw \nÀ_Ôam¡pIbpamWv sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv. kaql¯n A]qÀ Æambn D¬SmImdpÅ c¬Smw AhØsb Ckvemw \ntcm[n¡pIbpw B t£]n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ]pcpj³ kv{XoIfpsS BÚm\phÀ¯n bmIp¶ Hcp Imew hcpsa¶v ]t£, Xncp\_n(kz) ap¶dnbn¸p \ÂInbn «p¬Sv.  temImhkm\¯nsâ e£WambmWv \_n(kz)bXp F®nbn cn¡p¶Xv.
]p¯³ temI{Ia¯nsâ hIvXm¡Ä kv{Xosb sXcphnepw hyhkmbimeIfnepand¡n s]mXph¡cn¡pIbpw AhfpsS kzImcyX bpsS BhcWw hen¨pIodpIbpw sNbvXncn¡pIbmWv.  kv{Xo ap¶nencp¶p h¬Sn HmSn¡pIbpw `À¯mhv ]n³koän InS¶pd§pIbpw sN¿p¶ ImgvNIÄ Hcp kaql¯nsâ kmwkvImcnI hyànXz¯nsâ acWhpw ]p¯³ hyhØnXnbpsS kzm[o\hpamWv ImWn¡p¶Xv.
PohnX¯nepS\ofw Nne {]tXyI Nn«IÄ ]men¡m³ kv{Xo I¸n¡s¸« hfmWv. `ÀXraXnbmb Hcp kv{Xo¡v Cu IS¸mSpIÄ hÀ²n¡pIbpw AXnsâ cq]`mh§Ä IqSpX IWniamb apJw kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pIbmWv.
IS¸mSpIÄ
`À¯mhn\v hgns¸SpIbpw At±l¯nsâ kwXr]vXn Dd¸phcp¯pIbp amWv ]Xv\n F¶ \ne¡v kv{XobpsS {]Ya D¯chmZnXzw. Zm¼XyhnPb ¯nsâ kp{][m\LSIhpw CXv Xs¶.  `À¯mhnsâ Bhiy§fdnªv AXv ]cnlcn¡m\pw {]iv\§fn ]¦v tNcm\pw Ignbp¶hÀ¡v am{Xta PohnXhnPbw ssIhcn¡m³ km[n¡pIbpÅq.
aZo\bnse kv{XoIÄ kwLSn¨v bp²¯n ]¦v tNcm³ B{Klw {]ISn ¸n¨v sIm¬Sv Xncp\_n(kz)bpsS k¶n[nbntes¡mcp {]Xn\n[nsb Ab ¡pIbp¬Smbn.  AhÀ ]dªp:  XncpZqXtc, Rm³ aZo\bnse kv{XoI fpsS {]Xn\n[nbmWv.  ]pcpj³amÀ¡Ãmlp bp²w \nÀ_Ôam¡n.  bp² ¯n hnPbn¨m AhÀ¡v {]Xn^ew In«pw.  acn¨m AhÀ cIvXkm£n Ifmbn.  AhÀ AÃmlphn¦Â Pohn¡pIbpw AÃmlp AhÀ¡v Blmcw \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶p.  R§Ä kv{XoIÄ ]pcpj³amÀ¡v th¬Sn \ne sImÅp¶p.  C¯cw {]Xn^e§sfm¶pw R§Ä¡v e`n¡p¶nÃtÃm.
Xncp\_n(kz) AhtcmSv ]dªp:  \o I¬Spap«p¶ FÃm kv{XoItfmSpw ] dbpI. `À¯mhnt\mSpÅ ISaIÄ a\Ênem¡n At±l¯n\v hgns¸Sp ¶Xv Cu bp²¯n\v XpeyamWv.  tbm²m¡fpsS {]Xn^eamWv AhÀ¡v e`n¡pI.  ]t£, CXv \nÀhln¡p¶hÀ \n§Ä kv{XoIfn hfsc Npcp¡w t]cmWv (Xz_vdm\n).
]pcpjsâ NqjW¯n\pw kmaqlnI t{ZmlnIfpsS IS¶pIbä¯n\pw Ft¸mgpw Ccbmbn¯oÀ¶ IYIfmWv kv{Xo kaql¯n\p HmÀ¡m\pÅXv.  a\pjy\msW¶v t]mepw AwKoIcn¡m³ X¿mdnÃm¯ ]pcpjm[n]Xy ¯nsâ IÂN§eIfn _ÔnXbmbncp¶ kv{Xosb Xncn¨dnªXp CkvemamWv.
kv{XobpsS ZuÀ_ey§fpw thZ\Ifpw I¬Sdnª Ckvemw AhfpsS ]q À® kwc£W¯n\pÅ kmlNcy§fpw \nba§fpsamcp¡pIbmbn cp¶p.  ]pcpja\ÊpIfn kv{Xo¡pt\scbpÅ ho£Whpw \ne]mSpw Ckvemw amänsbSp¯p.  ]pcpj\p kpJn¡m³ th¬Sn ssZhw krjvSn¨phn« D]IcWsa¶Xn Ihnªv bmsXmcp ]cnKW\bpw e`n¡m¯ kv{Xo¡v amXmhv, ]p{Xn, ktlmZcn, `mcy F¶o ]ZhnIÄ hfsc am\yambn t\Sns¡mSp¡pIbpw kÀtÆm]cn ]pcpjs\t]mse hnNmchnImc§fpw _p²nbpw Nn´bpw Xocpam\saSp¡m\pÅ tijnbpw hyànXzhpapÅ kz´w AkvXnXzw  hIsh¨psImSp¡pIbpamWv Ckvemw.
kv{XoIÄ ]pcpj³amcpsS DS¸nd¸pIfmWv. Xncp\_n(kz) {]Jym]n¨p: AhÀ \n§fpsSbpw \n§Ä AhcpsSbpw hkv{X§fmWv.  bp²thfbn t]mepw kv{XoItfmSp Cu klXm]]qÀÆapÅ \ne]mSv Ckvemw A\phÀ¯n¨p.  bp²thfIfn kv{XoIsfbpw Ip«nIsfbpw h[n¡mt\m am\`wKs¸Sp¯mt\m tZtlm]{Zh§Ä G¸n¡mt\m ]mSnsöv Ckvemw IÀi\ambn \nÀt±in¨p.
Cu aXamWv kv{Xo `À¯mhnsâ \nb{´Ww kzoIcn¡Wsa¶pw thj¯nepw PohnXcoXnIfnepsaÃmw hninjvS hyànXzambn¯ocWsa¶pw I¸n¨Xv.  kv{XoItfmSpÅ kvt\l¯nsâbpw klXm]¯nsâbpw `mjbnemWnsX¶v a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\v ]Icw ]oU\¯nsâbpw hcnªpsI«nsâbpw apJambn CXns\ ImWp¶hÀ ]p\ÀhnNn´\¯n\p X¿mdmtI¬SXmWv.
kv{Xo ]pd¯pt]mIpt¼mÄ `À¯mhv Adnªncn¡Ww, At±l¯nsâ k½Xap¬SmIWw F¶v Ckvemw A\pimkn¡p¶p.  CXv {IqcamsW¶v ]dbp¶hÀ km[mcWPohnXcwK§fpw `cWkwhn[m\§fpw kmaqlnINpäp]mSpIfpw a\Ênem¡m¯hcmWv.
HcmfpsS kwc£tWm¯chmZnXztasäSp¯bmÄ¡v Xsâ kwc£W¯n Ignbp¶hsâ Ne\§fpw \o¡§fpw Adnbm³ _m[yXbp¬Sv.  Hcp \nb{´WhptaÀs¸Sp¯msX kwc£W ZuXyw \nÀÆln¡m³ km[n¡ptam.  C´ymcmPys¯ ]uc³ hntZibm{X sN¿pt¼mÄ ]ucsâ bm{Xmkw_Ôamb apgph³ hnhc§Ä cmjv{Sw AdnbWsa¶v A\pimkn¡p¶Xv B`y´ckpc£nXXz¯n\pw ]ucsâ kwc£W¯n\pw th¬SnbmWtÃm.  CXmcpw {IqcXbmtbm AkzmX{´yamtbm ImWmdnsæn ]ns¶ kv{Xo AhfpsS Xmhfw hn«pt]mIp¶Xv AhfpsS kwc£I\mb `À¯mhv AdnbWsa¶pw At±l¯n \n¶v k½Xw t\Snbncn¡Wsa¶papÅ imk\ F§s\ sXämbn¯ocpw.  `À¯mhnÃm¯ kv{XobmsW¦n kwc£I\mbn ]nXmhv, ktlmZc³, a¡Ä XpS§nbhÀ¡pw AhcpsS B{inXbmb kv{XobpsS Ne\§Ä \nco£n¡m\pw a\Ênem¡m\pw ISabp¬Sv.  GsXmcp kvt]m¬kÀjn¸nepw s{]m«Ivj³ kwhn[m\¯nepw Nne \nb{´W§fp¬SmtbXocp F¶v a\Ênem¡pI.
km[mcWKXnbn ho«nÂ\n¶v ]pd¯nd§p¶Xn\à Cu \nb{´Wsat¶mÀ¡pI.  DSps¯mcp§nt¸mImdpÅ Hcp bm{X.  `ÀXrhoSv AS¨n«v t]mtI¬Snhcp¶ kabhpw Zqchpw BhiyamIp¶ kµÀi\]cn]mSnIÄ, Bip]{XnIfntem hml\§tfdnt]mtI¬Snhcp¶ AIe¯ntem DÅ tcmKnsb kµÀin¡pI, hncp¶pt]mIpI, IeymW¯n\pw aäpw t]mIpI, s]mXp]cn]mSnIÄ¡pw aäpw ]s¦Sp¡pI, XpS§nbhbmWv `À¯mhnsâ k½Xw BhiyapÅ bm{XIÄ.
sXm«Sp¯pÅ Ipf¯ntem km[mcW Ipfn¡m³ t]mImdpÅ IShntem `À¯mhpambn \Ã_Ôw ]peÀ¯p¶ ASp¯hoSpIfntem AIeanÃm¯ _ÔphoSpIfntem an¶Â ]cyS\w \S¯p¶Xn\pw kz´w ]nXmhnt\tbm atäm s]s«¶v I¬Sv hcp¶Xn\psam¶pw km[mcWKXnbn sXänÃ.  `À¯mhnsâ hnet¡m A\njvStam D¬sS¦n kz´w _ÔphoSpIfntem IpSpw_§fntem amXm]nXm¡sf Xs¶tbm kµÀin¡m³ apXnccpXv F¶mWv \nbaw.  Cu hnjb§fnseÃmw kv{XobpsS kpc£nXXzhpw `À¯mhnsâ XmÂ]cyhpamWv am\ZÞw.
aq¶p ssa IqSpXepÅ Hcp bm{X F{X \à Dt±iyt¯msSbmsW¦nepw `À¯mhnsâtbm hnhml_Ôw \njn²amb alvdansâtbm km¶n[y¯neÃmsX kv{Xo¡v A\phZ\obaÃ.  Asæn hnizkvXcmb kv{XoIfpsS kwL¯nembncn¡Ww. kz´w ]nXmhnsâ tcmKkµÀi\w, \nÀ_Ôamb lÖvIÀ½w t]mepÅ hnip²bm{XIÄ¡pt]mepw Cu \nbaw _m[IamWv.
lfvd¯v C_v\pDaÀ (d) D²cn¡p¶p: Hcp kv{Xo Xncp\_n(kz)bpsS ap¶nÂh¶v tNmZn¡p¶Xv Rm³ tI«p:  XncpZqXtc, `cy `À¯mhnt\mSv ]ment¡¬S ISaIÄ Fs´ms¡bmWv.  Xncp\_n(kz) ]dªp: At±l¯nsâ k½XanÃmsX ho«nÂ\n¶v ]pd¯pt]mImXncn¡pI, k½XanÃmsX t]mbm AÃmlphpw aeIpIfp Ahsf i]n¡pw.  dlva¯nsâbpw tIm]¯nsâbpw aeIpIfpsS im]w. AhÄ aS§nhcnIbpw Xu_sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶Xphsc im]w XpScpw (A_qZmhqZv).
amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v tcmKamsW¦nepw k½Xt¯msSbÃmsX ]pd¯pt]mIcpsX¶mWv \nbaw.  l\^o aZvl_n ]t£, CXv PmCkmsW¶v ]dªn«p¬Sv.  amXm]nXm¡sf kµÀin¡m³ A\paXn tXSp¶ `mcy¡v AXn\p k½Xw \ÂIWw.  Hcp kv{Xo F¶ \ne¡pÅ AhfpsS am\knImhØ `À¯mhv I¬Sdntb¬SXmWv. C¯cw kµÀ`¯n A\phmZw sImSp¡mXncn¡Â `À¯mhn\p Idml¯mWv. `À¯mhns\Xnsc JmfzntbmSv ]cmXn ]dbm³ `mcy¡[nImcap¬Sv. C§s\ ]cmXn ]dbm³ hcp¶ kv{XoIsf XSbcpsX¶mWv Xncp\_n(kz) ]Tn¸n¨Xv. `mcybpsS a\Ên\p apdnth¸n¡p¶ Hcp \ne]mSmWnXv F¶XpsIm¬SpXs¶ AXnIÀi\amb \ne]mSpIfpw A\mhiy hminIfpw \à _Ô¯n\p De¨n X«n¡psat¶mÀt¡ ¬SXmWv.  `À¯mhnsâ hne¡v ewLn¨v bm{XsN¿p¶hÀ¡v `À¯mhnÂ\n¶v Nnehn\v e`n¡m³ AÀlXbnsöv ]ÞnX³amÀ hyàam¡nbn«p¬Sv.
`À¯mhnsâ kt´mjamWv `mcybpsS {]Ya NpaXe. AXpsIm¬SpXs¶ `À¯mhv ]dbp¶nS¯v Xmakn¡m\pw At±l¯nsâ IqsS bm{X sN¿m\pw th¬Snh¶m At±l¯nsâ IqsS \mSphn«v t]mIm\psaÃmw `mcy X¿mdmtI¬SXmWv.  hntZi¯pÅ `À¯mhnsâIqsS bm{X sN¿m³ hnk½Xn¡p¶Xv icnbÃ.  amXm]nXm¡fpsStbm _Ôpan{X§fpsStbm Akm¶n[yw Xs¶ am\knIambn {]bmks¸Sp¯psa¶v h¶m t]mepw `À¯mhnsâ A`ojvS¯n\mWv {]mapJyw \ÂtI¬SXv.  kpc£m]camb ImcW§tfm BtcmKy{]iv\§tfm D¬sS¦n am{Xta C¯cw kµÀ`§fn `À¯mhnsâ Bhiy§Äs¡Xnsc Nn´n¡m³ ]mSpÅq.  Cu hnjb¯nseÃmw \m«p\S¸p ]cnKWn¡s¸tS¬SXmWv.
`mcybpambpÅ CS]mSpIfn am\pjnI ]cnKW\bmWv th¬SXv. IpSpw_kµÀi\w, amXm]nXm¡sf ]cnNcn¡pI XpS§nb hnjb§fnsems¡ km[mcWKXnbn kv{XobpsS am\knImhØbpw kt´mjhpamWv ]cnKWnt¡¬SXv. `mcybpsS `mK¯p\n¶pw CtX ]cnKW\bp¬SmIWw. AXymhiy§fnÃmsX Hmtcm BgvNbpw hncp¶pt]mbn Xmakn¡p¶ ]Xnhp¬Sv NneÀ¡v. `À¯mhnsâ Xnc¡pw {]iv\§fpsam¶pw IW¡nseSp¡msX Xsâ hncp¶pt]m¡p apdt]mse \S¶nsæn ]nW§p¶hcpw hg¡nSp¶hcpap¬Sv. ChÀ ZpÊzm`mhnIfmsW¶ Imcy¯n kwibanÃ.
Xsâ hncp¶pt]m¡v ImcWw `À¯mhn\v hcp¶ {]iv\§fpw {]bmk§fpw ]ecpw IW¡nseSp¡mdnÃ.  At±l¯n\v `£Ww In«ntbm, At±lw InS¶pd§ntbm Fs¶m¶pw Nn´n¡msX hoSv AS¨n«pt]mIp¶Xpaqew XkvIc³amcpw kmaqlyt{ZmlnIfpw hcp¯nsh¡m\nSbpÅ IjvS\jvS§sf¡pdn¨pt]mepw Nn´n¡msX `À¯mhnt\mSp imTyw ]nSn¨v hncp¶n\\phmZw k¼mZn¡p¶hÀ At±l¯nsâ a\Êphmbn¡m³ Icp¯v t\tS¬SXmWv.
AtXbhkcw kz´w amXm]nXm¡Ä aämcpw ]cnNcn¡m\mfnÃmsX hnjan¡pt¼mÄ Cu Bhiy¯n\v th¬Sn ho«n t]mIm³ A\phmZw tNmZn¡p¶ `mcybpsS £a ]cntim[n¡pIbpw  Ahsf XSbpIbpw sN¿p¶Xv {IqcXbmWv. `À¯mhnsâ hne¡v ImcWw kz´w ]nXmhnsâ a¿n¯v t]mepw ImWm³ IgnbmsX hnjan¡p¶ kmlNcy§fp¬Smbn«p¬Sv  kv{XoIÄ¡v. C¯cw {IqcXIÄ kv{Xokaql¯n\v t\scbpÅ shÃphnfnbmbn ]cnKWn¡s¸SpIbpw AXhKWn¨v Xsâ hyànXzw {]ISn¸n¡m³ kv{Xo¡v AhImiw \ÂIpIbpamWv CkvemanI IÀ½imkv{X kcWnIfnse Icp¯cmb ]e ]ÞnX³amcpw sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv.  A_ql\o^ (d) Cu ho£WamWv {]ISn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv.

]ÅnbnÂ

]ÅnIfnse PpapA PamA¯pIÄ¡v kv{Xo ]s¦Spt¡¬SXnÃ.  PpapA PamA¯n kv{Xo km¶n[yw A\nhmcyasöv am{XaÃ, ]et¸mgpw {]iv\§fp¬Sm¡m\pw ]ÅnIfnse `ànkm{µamb A´co£w XIÀ¡m\pamWv kv{Xo ]Ån{]hiw ImcWambn¯ocmdpÅXv. kv{XoIfpsS Agnªm«wsIm¬Sv ]qchpw t\À¨]mS§fpsaÃmw Iem]IepjnXamhpIbmWv. {InkvXpakv Zn\¯n NÀ¨n t]mb s]¬Ip«nsb ]ÅnaWntaSbn sIm¬Spt]mbn _emÂkwKw sNbvX kw`hw Xriqcn \n¶v dnt¸mÀ«psN¿s¸«p. kv{XoIsf \nÀ_Ôn¨p ]Ånbn sIm¬Spt]mIp¶ ]p¯\mib¡mÀ¡pw C¯cw A\p`h§fp¬Smbn«p¬Sv. t\mhepIfnsebpw \mSI§fnsebpw t{]aIpkpa§Ä sam«nSp¶Xpw hncnbp¶Xpw ]et¸mgpw A¼e\SIfn \n¶mWv.  sXmgm\pw ]qP\S¯m\pw `àn]chicmbn hcp¶hcmWv Ahkm\w t{]a]chicmbn Imashdnb³amcpsS ]nSnbneacp¶Xv.

DÕh¸d¼pIfnepw BtLmjthfIfnepw AgnªmSp¶ kv{Xo km¶n[yamWtÃm ZpÀ_ea\ÊpIfpsS ImatNjvS¡pw XpSÀ¶p¬SmIp¶ Iem]§Ä¡pw hgnacp¶nSp¶Xv.
tUmIvSÀ hl_vkpsslen FgpXp¶p: kv{Xo ho«n HXp§nbncn¡Wsa¶v ]dbp¶Xv Ahsf XShnenSpItbm {]bmks¸Sp¯pItbm AÃ. adn¨v AhfpsS \³abmWv CXneqsS e£ywsh¡p¶Xv.  Xncp\_n(kz) ]dªp:  kv{Xo ad¡s¸tS¬S Hud¯v BWv.  AhÄ hoSphn«nd§nbm ]nimNv G´nhenªpt\m¡pw. AhÄ AÃmlphnsâ dlva¯nte¡v Gähpw kao]ØbmIp¶Xv ho«nsâ DÅdbnencn¡pt¼mgmWv (AÂ^nJvlp Ckvemanþ hm:7 t]: 335).

{InkvXy³ NÀ¨nepw A¼e\SIfnepw \S¡p¶ t{]aNm]ey§fpw cXneoeIfpw apkvenw ]ÅnIfn ImWm¯Xpw IYmImc³amÀ¡p apkvenw]ÅnIfn \n¶p IYm]m{X§sf e`n¡m¯Xpw AhnsS kv{Xo km¶n[yanÃm¯XpsIm¬SmWv. kv{Xo km¶n[yapÅ ]ÅnIfpw Bcm[\meb§fpw GXv aX¯nsâ t]cnembmepw AhnSps¯ Bßobkm¶n[yw \jvSs¸Sp¯psa¶Xn kwibanÃ.  kv{XoIsf BZyambn ]Ånbnse¯n¨ ae¸pdw Pnbn Hcp {Kma¯nÂ\n¶v AcpXm¯Xp \S¶Xmbn ]{X§Ä¡v hmÀ¯ e`n¡pIbp¬Smbn. auehnbpw a\pjy\tÃ... kpc£bpw kq£vaXbpw apJhnes¡Sp¡p¶XpsIm¬SmWv kv{Xo]ÅnIfnepw Bcm[\m Øe§fnepw ]pcpjsâ IqsS ]s¦Sp¡cpsX¶p Ckvemw hne¡nbXv. GsX¦nepw kv{Xo A§s\ t]mIm³ apXnÀ¶m `À¯mhn\v Ahsf XSbm³ AhImiap¬Sv. `À¯mhnsâ hne¡v ewLn¨v ]Ånbntem atäm t]mIp¶ kv{Xo t\cs¯ hnhcn¨ ZpjvSbmWv. Cu t]m¡v ]nW¡ambn ]cnKWn¡mhp¶Xpw `À¯mhnsâ B\pIqey§Ä \ntj[n¡m³ ImcWambn¯ocp¶XpamWv.

aZo\bn akvPnZp¶_hnbn Xncp\_n(kz)bpsS IqsS \nkvIcn¡m³ B{Klw {]ISn¸n¨ph¶ D½pDssaZns\ Xncp\_n(kz) Xncn¨b¡pIbmbncp¶p.  kv{Xo¡p AhfpsS hoSnsâ DÅnsâ DÅmWv D¯aw F¶mbncp¶p Xncp\_n(kz)bpsS {]Jym]\w.
kv{Xo¡p ]Ånbnse s]mXp \nkvImcw \nÀ_Ôsat¶m kp¶¯msWt¶m, t]mIs« AXmWv D¯asa¶pt]mepw apkvenw temI¯v Hcp ]ÞnX\pw \mfnXphsc ]dªn«nÃ.  Bcm[\IÄ¡v hoSmWp¯asa¶v Xs¶bmWv Akp¶n]ÞnX³amÀt]mepw ^Xvh \evInbn«pÅXv.

DSps¯mcp§n kpKÔ{Zhy§fpw kvt{]bpw ]qin ]Ånbnte¡v \nc\ncbmbn \o§p¶hÀ HmÀ¡pI. Cu b{X AÃmlphnsâ Xr]vXnbnemtWm. CXneqsS e`n¡p¶Xv AÃmlphnsâ {]oXntbm tIm]tam?

Xncp\_n(kz) ]dªp: c¬Sphn`mKw \cI¯nemWv.  Rm\hsc I¬Sn«nÃ. hkv{Xw[cn¨v \áX ImWn¡p¶ kv{XoIÄ.  NmªpwsNcnªpw \S¶v ]pcpj³amsc BIÀjn¸n¡p¶hÀ. H«I¯nsâ ]qªt]msebmWv AhcpsS incÊv. AhÀ kzÀK¯n {]thin¡pIbnÃ. kzÀK¯nsâ ]cnafwt]mepw AhÀ A\p`hn¡pIbnÃ.  AXnsâ ]cnafamIs« At\Iw ImXaIte¡v ASn¨phoip¶XmWv.  asämcpIq«w ]pcpj³amÀ ]ip¡fpsS hmept]mepÅ Nm«hmdpambn \S¶v P\§sf  t{Zmln¡p¶hÀ (apkvenw).  GsXmcp kv{Xo kpKÔw ]qin ho«n \n¶nd§n ]pcpj³amÀ¡nSbneqsS \S¶v Ahsc BIÀjn¸n¨pthm AhÄ thiybmWv (lmInw).

END (Added on 03/04/11)