BiqdmAv t\m¼v

Ncn{X{]kn²amb \nch[n kw`h§Ä¡v km£yw hln¨psh¶Xv aplÀdw ]¯nsâ khntijXbmWv. BZw \_n(A) apX apl½Zv \_n(kz) hscbpÅ ]e \_namcpsSbpw PohnX¯nse AhnkvacWob kw`h§Ä¡v AÃmlp XncsªSp¯Xv Cu Znhks¯bmWv. \qlv(A), C_vdmlow(A), bqkp^v(A), bAvJq_v(A), aqkm(A),A¿q_v(A), bq\pkv(A), Cukm(A) XpS§nb \_namsc hnhn[ ]co£W§fn \n¶pw i{Xpiey§fn \n¶pw aäpw c£s¸Sp¯nb ZnhkamWXv. thZ\n¡p¶ lrZbt¯msS AÃmlphnte¡v ssIIfpbÀ¯nb ]eÀ¡pw ]qÀW kwXr ]vXn \ÂIp¶ adp]SnIÄ aplÀdw ]¯n\v \mY³ \ÂIn. AÃmlphns\Xnsc bp²{]Jym]\w \S¯nb ]e [n¡mcnIsfbpw \in¸n¨psIm­v Zo\ns\ kwc£n¨ Zn\w IqSnbmWv aplÀdw ]¯v. AXphgn, AÃmlphnsâ A\pkcWbpÅ ASnaIÄ¡v ]qÀW kpc£nXXzhpw D¶X hnPbhpw DbÀ¶ ]ZhnIfpw Cu kpZn\¯n AÃmlp I\nªcpfpIbp­mbn. ""h ^Pvcnbn ]dª {]`mXw BiqdmCsâ {]`mXamWv'' (KmenbXv:2/85).

a\pjyIpe¯n\v Cu Zn\¯n AÃmlp \ÂInb AkwJyw A\p{Kl§sf A\pkvacn¨psIm ­v {]tXyImcm[\IfneqsS \µn sN¿m³ \t½mSv IÂ]n¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. apl½Zv \_n(kz)¡v ap¼pÅ FÃm {]hmNI·mcpw Cu Znhks¯ {]tXyIw ]cnKWn¨ncp¶Xmbn lZokpIfnep­v. ImcWw: aplÀdw ]¯v, apl½Zv \_n(kz)bpsS D½¯nsâ am{Xw hntijZn\aÃ, ]qÀÆ {]hmNIcpsSbpw ]qÀÆnI kapZmb§fpsSsbÃmw hntij Zn\ambncp¶p.

A\p{Kl§Ä¡pÅ \µn {]IS\¯n\v Gähpw A\ptbmPyamb C_mZ¯mbn Ckvemw FSp¯p Im«nbXv {hXm\pjvTm\s¯bmWtÃm. hnip² JpÀB³ F¶ AXnal¯mb A\p{Kl¯nsâ amkambXpsIm­mWv dafm³ amkw \nÀ_Ô {hXm\pjvTm\¯n\v XncsªSp¡s¸«sX¶v ap^ÊndpIÄ hymJym\n¨n«p­v. Xn¦fmgvNIfn {hXm\pjvTm\w kp¶¯mbXv \_n(kz) X§fpsS P·Zn\sa¶ \ne¡v, B al¯mb A\p{Klt¯mSpÅ \µnbmbmWv. C{]Imcw BiqdmAv t\m¼pw kp¶¯m¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. ap³Ime \_namcpw Cu Zn\¯n t\ms¼Sp¯ncp¶p.

""ap³ Ignª {]hmNI·mscÃmw t\ms¼Sp¯n«pÅ Znhkamb BiqdmAv Znhkw \n§sfÃmw t\ms¼Sp¡W''sa¶v \_n(kz) ]dªXmbn A_qlpdbvd(d) D²cn¡p¶p (C_v\p A_ossi_x). ""\qlv \_n(A)bpw kapZmbhpw I¸en \n¶v Icbv¡nd§nb Znhkamb aplÀdw ]¯n\v AhÀ t\m¼pImcmbncp¶p'' (KmenbXp ahmCfv:2/86). BCi _ohn(d) ]dbp¶p: ""Pmlnen¿m Ime¯v JpssdinIÄ BiqdmAv Znhkw t\ms¼Sp¯ncp¶p. \p_pƯn\p ap¼v \_n(kz)bpw Cu t\ms¼Sp¯p. \_n(kz) aZo\bn t]mbt¸mÄ BiqdmAv t\m¼v kzbw A\pjvTn¡p¶Xn\p ]pdsa A\pbmbnItfmSv IÂ]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp'' (\kmCu, XnÀanZn, A_qZmhqZv, C_v\p amP).

\_n(kz)bpsS Ime¯pw AXn\p ap¼pw PqX·mÀ BiqdmAv Znhk¯n\v {]tXyI ]Zhnbpw {]m[m\yhpw \ÂIpIbpw t\m¼\pjvTn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. C_v\p Aºmkv(d) hnhcn¡p¶p: ""\_n(kz) aZo\bnse¯nb tijw Hcp aplÀdw ]¯n\v PqX·mÀ t\m¼\pjvTn¡p¶Xv I­v ImcWat\zjn¨t¸mÄ, "aqkm \_n(A)sb ^nÀHu\n \n¶p c£n¨ Zn\amWsX'¶v AhÀ adp]Sn ]dªp. (\_n(kz) a¡bn \n¶p Xs¶ aplÀdw ]¯n\p {hXsaSp¡mdp­mbncp¶p. F¶m PqXcpsS adp]Sn tI«t¸mÄ) aqkm(A)bpambn \n§sf¡mÄ _Ôs¸«hÀ R§fmsW¶v ]dªpsIm­v BiqdmAv t\m¼v t\m¡m³ apkvenwItfmSv \_n(kz) \nÀt±in¨p'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw). ssJ_dnse blqZnIÄ BiqdmAv Znhkw t\ms¼Sp¡p¶Xpw kv{XoIsf B`cWaWnbn¨pw Ae¦cn¨pw DÕhw sIm­mSp¶Xpw I­t¸mÄ Cu Znhkw \n§fpw t\ms¼Sp¡Wsa¶v apkvenwItfmSv \_n(kz) \nÀt±in¨psh¶v A_q aqkm(d) hyàam¡nbn«p­v (_pJmcn, apkvenw). Pm_nÀ C_v\p kapd(d) ]dbp¶p: ""\_n(kz) BiqdmAv t\m¼v IÂ]n¡pIbpw AXn\p R§sf t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw t\ms¼Sp¡p¶pt­msb¶v kq£va \nco£Ww \S¯pIbpw sN¿mdp­mbncp¶p''(apkvenw). \_n(kz) Hcp \nebv¡pw Hgnhm¡m¯ \mep Imcy§fp­v. aplÀdw ]¯nsâ t\m¼pw ZpÂlnÖbnse BZys¯ H¼Xp Znhks¯ t\m¼pIfpw {]Xnamkw aq¶p hoXw t\m¼pIfpw kzp_vln¡p ap¼pÅ c­p dIvA¯v \nkvImchpamWh (A¶kmCu). ""\_n(kz) aäpÅhsb¡mÄ {]m[m\yw FSp¯p ]dªpsIm­v \nÀ_Ô _p²ntbmsS t\ms¼Sp¯Xmbn Rm³ I­Xv Znhk§fpsS Iq«¯n BiqdmAv Zn\¯nepw amk§fpsS Iq«¯n dafm\nepw am{XamWv'' F¶v C_v\p Aºmkv(d) ]dbp¶p (_pJmcn, apkvenw).

BiqdmAv Zn\¯n ""lkv_nbÃmlp h \nAva hIoÂ, \nAva auem h \nAva¶kzoÀ'' F¶v Fgp]Xv XhW ]dbp¶hsc B hÀj¯nse FÃmhn[ A\ÀY§fn \n¶pw AÃmlp kpc£nXam¡psa¶v Camw DPvlqcn(d) ]dªn«p­v (XJvcodp CB\¯v:2/267).

BiqdmAv t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamsW¶v tXm¶p¶ cq]¯n hfsc IÀi\ambmWv \_n(kz) BZyL«¯n \S¸nem¡nbncp¶Xv. kzlm_nIÄ t\ms¼Sp¡p¶pt­msb¶v \_n(kz) kq£va \nco£Ww \S¯mdp­mbncp¶psh¶v Pm_nÀ C_v\p kapd(d) D²cn¨ lZokn ]dªXv IÀi\ kz`mh¯nsâ sXfnhmWv. BCi(d) \nthZ\w sNbvX Hcp lZoknepw CXnsâ kqN\bp­v. BCi(d) ]dbp¶p: "dafm³ t\m¼v ^ÀfmbtXmsS BiqdmCsâ Imcy¯nepÅ IÀi\ imk\ \_n(kz) Hgnhm¡n. Ignbp¶hÀ t\m¡Wsa¶pw AÃm¯hÀ¡v Hgnhm¡msa¶pw X§Ä Cfhp \ÂIn' (\kmCu, A_qZmhqZv, XnÀanZn, C_v\pamP). lnPvd¡p tijw dafm³ t\m¼v ^Àfmbt¸mÄ BiqdmAv t\m¼nsâ Imcy¯n sNdnb hn«phogvN \ÂInsb¦nepw \_n(kz) XpSÀ¶pw AXn\p t{]cn¸n¨p sIm­ncp¶p. AXn\m BiqdmAv t\m¼v ^Àfsænepw iànbmb kp¶¯mWv (KmXp aAvaqÂ: 2/89).

BiqdmAv t\m¼v \_n(kz)bpsS PohnX¯nsâ Hcp L«¯nepw ^Àfm¡nbncp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ, ^Àfv t]mse {]m[m\yt¯msS \_n(kz) AXv \S¸nem¡nbncp¶p. F¶mÂ, Camw A_ql\o^(d) DÄs¸sSbpÅ Nne ]WvVnX·mÀ ]dbp¶Xv BZyL«¯n AXv ^Àfmbncp¶psh¶pw ]n¶oSv dafm³ t\m¼v \S¸nembt¸mÄ BiqdmCsâ \nÀ_Ô IÂ]\ ]n³hens¨¶pamWv. Cu A`n{]mbw im^nCu aZvl_n Csænepw BiqdmCsâ {]m[m\y¯nte¡pÅ kqN\bmWv. Camw \hho(d) Xs¶bmWv CsXÃmw {]Jym]n¨Xv (A¯ÀKo_p h¯Àlo_v F¶ lZokv {KÙ¯nsâ hymJym\w:2/115).    

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