\_n(kz)D]tbmKn¨Xpw AhnSp¶v _dIXv sNmcnªXpamb \nch[n InWdpIÄ aZo\bnep­v. ]qÀÆIme hnizmknIÄ, \_n(kz) Xp¸pIbpw hpfqAv sN¿pIbpw Ipfn¡pIbpw sNbvX C¯cw InWdpIÄ kwc£n¡pIbpw AXnse shÅw _dIXn\pth­n s]cpamdpIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. _nAdplmAv F¶ {]ikvXamb InWÀ aZo\m]ÅnbpsS hnIk\t¯msS AXn\I¯v aqSs¸SpIbp­mbn. Ncn{X{][m\amb ]e InWdpIfpw ASp¯ Ime¯v aqSs¸SpIbpw Øm\w hnkvacn¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p.

(1) _nAvdp Acokv:

akvPnZp Jp_mbpsS \SphnepÅ ]Snªmsd hmXn IS¶v ]pdt¯¡v GItZiw A¼Xv aoäÀ ASp¯v ØnXn sNbvXncp¶ InWdmWv _nAvdp Acokv. alm\mb \_n(kz) Hcn¡Â AhnsS {]thin¡pIbpw InWdnsâ DÅnte¡v ImÂ\o«n Ccn¡pIpw sNbvXp. XpSÀ¶v kzn±oJv(d) IS¶ph¶p. AhÀ \_n(kz)bpsS heXp`mK¯v A{]Imcw h¶ncp¶p. XpSÀ¶v DaÀ(d) IS¶ph¶p CSXp`mK¯ncp¶p. tijw Dkvam³(d) IS¶ph¶p. AhcpsS FXnÀ`mK¯v Im DÅnte¡v Xq¡nbn«v sIm­v At±lhpw Ccp¶p. \_n(kz) aqhÀ¡pw kzÀKkphntijw \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. Cu \mep alm·mcpsSbpw J_dpIÄ ]n¡me¯v C{]Imcambn¯oÀ¶p.

Jeo^ Dkvam³(d) Xsâ `cWIme¯v ]gb Ncn{Xw A\pkvacn¨psIm­v \_n(kz)bpsS IqsS A¶v Ccp¶Xv t]mse {]kvXpX InWdnte¡v Im Xq¡nbn«v Ccn¡pIbmbncp¶p. kzn±oJv(d), DaÀ(d) F¶nhcn \n¶v ]c¼cmKXambn e`n¨ \_n(kz)bpsS tamXncw Dkvam³(d)sâ ssIbnÂ\n¶v {]kvXpXInWdn hoWpt]mhpIbp­mbn. AXnbmb hnjw ]q­ Dkvam³(d) AXv Xncns¨Sp¡m³ ]e {ia§fpw \S¯nt\m¡n. aq¶pZnhkt¯mfw cm¸IenÃmsX shÅw hän¨pt\m¡nbn«pw {]kvXpXtamXncw I­pIn«pIbp­mbnÃ. HSphn AXpt]£n¡pIbmWp­mbXv.

alm\mb \_n(kz) Cu InWdn Xp¸nbncp¶Xmbn tcJbp­v. ]qÀhIme hnizmknIÄ CXnse shÅw _dIXpt±in¨v IpSn¨ncp¶p. ln 714 Dkvam\nbm `cWIqSw Cu InWÀ Npäp`mKhpw sI«n ]cnc£n¡pIbp­mbn. F¶m 1969 Cu InWÀ aqSs¸SpIbp­mbn. XÂØm\¯v HcpkvXq]w ap¼p­mbncp¶p.

2. _nAvdpKqÀkv:

AÂKpÀkv F¶ Øe¯v akvPnZpJp_mbpsS hS¡pIng¡v Acssa Zqsc ZmdpÂlnPvd hnZymeb¯nsâ ASp¯mbn ØnXnsN¿p¶ InWdmWnXv. \_n(kz) CXnÂ\n¶v Ipfn¡pIbpw hpfqAv sNbvX _m¡n shÅw CXn Hgn¡pIbpw AXn Xp¸pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. \_n(kz)¡v k½m\ambn e`n¨ tX³ AXn Hgn¡pIbp­mbn. "Xm³ acWaSªm Fsâ InWdmb _nAvdp KpÀknÂ\n¶v shÅsaSp¯v Fs¶ Ipfn¸n¡Wsa¶v' \_n(kz) Aen(d)tbmSv hkzn¿¯v sNbvXncp¶p. A{]Imcw sN¿pIbpap­mbn. ln. 700 Cu InWÀ hnimeX Iq«n ]¯papgw hoXnbn Ipgn¡pIbp­mbn. \ndsb shÅap­mImdpÅ CXnse shÅw AXnt{ijvThpw A¸w ]¨\ndw IeÀ¶XpamsW¶v s{]m^. AlvaZv bmko³ {]kvXmhn¨ncn¡p¶p. ln. 882 InWdnsâ ASp¯mbn Hcp ]Ån Øm]n¡s¸SpIbpw sNbvXp.

3._nAvÀ dql:

Dkvam³(d) hne¡phm§n hJ^v sNbvX {]ikvXamb InWdmWnXv. ip²Pew \ndªpIhnªncp¶ {]kvXpX InWÀ dqlXp Kn^mcn F¶bmfpsS ssIhiambncp¶p. At±lw Hcp ]m{Xw shůn\p Hcp ap±v Imc¡ F¶ tXmXn hn¡pIbmbncp¶p. ]mh§Ä¡v CXv IjvSambt¸mÄ \_n(kz) ]dªp: "dql InWÀ hne¡phm§n ]mh§Ä¡p \ÂIp¶hÀ¡v kzÀKap­v.' DSs\ Dkvam³(d) `oaamb hnesImSp¯p AXv hm§n hJ^v sN¿pIbmbncp¶p. akvPnZv Jn_vessX\nbpsS hS¡p`mK¯p Å Cu InWÀ C¶v ImÀjnImhiy§Ä¡pw aäpambn hn]peambn D]tbmKn¡s¸Sp¶p.

4. _nAvdp _pfzmA:

akvPnZp¶_hnbpsS hS¡p]Snªmdv `mK¯v Cu InWÀ Øn Xn sN¿p¶p. \_n(kz) AXnÂ\n¶v ]et¸mgpw hpfqAv sNbvXncp¶p. Hcn¡Â hpfqAv sNbvX _m¡n shÅw AXnte¡v Xs¶ Hgn¡pIbpw AXn Xp¸pIbpw sNbvXp. kzlm_namcpsS Ime¯v tcmKnIsf {]kvXpX InWdnse shůn Ipfn¸n¡pIbpw X ¶nan¯w tcmKw kpJs¸SpIbpw sNbvXncp¶Xmbn _ohn Akvam(d) ]dbp¶p. R§Ä tcmKnIsf _nAvdp _pfmA shůn aq¶pZnhkw Ipfn¸n¡pambncp¶p. AtXmsS in^ e`n¡pI ]Xnhmbncp¶p. C¶v Cu InWdn\pNpäpw tXm«ap­v. ico^v sskZv a³knensâ sI«n\pÅnemWv CXv ØnXnsN¿p¶Xv.

5. _nAvdp _qkz:

\_n(kz) Hcn¡Â A_qkCuZn JpZvcn(d)bpsS ho«n sN¶p. "C¶v shÅnbmgvNbmWtÃm. F\n¡v Ipfn¡Ww. \n§fpsS ho«n Xmfnbpt­m Fsâ XeIgpIWw' F¶dnbn¨p. AhÀ Xmfn \ÂIn. \_n(kz) _qkz InWdn sN¶v Ipfn¡pIbpw XeIgpInb shÅhpw Xmfnbpw Cu InWdnte¡v sNmcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. _JoCsâ sX¡phi¯mWv Cu InWÀ ØnXnsN¿p¶Xv.

6._nAvdp kwkw:

aZo\mico^n AÂldbn ØnXnsN¿p¶ Cu InWdn \_n(kz) hpfqAv sN¿pIbpw Xp¸pIbpw sNbvXn«p­v. _nAvdpAlm_v F¶mWv lZokv {KÙ§Ä ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶sX¦nepw _nAvdp kwkw F¶t]cnemWv P\§Ä¡nSbn CXv Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. ChIqSmsX _nAvdp A\kp_v³ amenIv, _nAvdp kpJvbm, _nAvdp Jdmkz, _nAvdp lÂh, _nAvdp bkod apXemb \nch[n InWdpIÄ \_n(kz) D]tbmKn¨Xpw _Ôs¸«Xpambn aZo\mico^nep­v.

aZo\mico^nt\mSv hnS

aZo\map\Ædbn C{XZnhkw Xmakn¡Wsa¶v \nbaansænepw \m¸Xv PamA¯pIÄ akvPnZp¶_hnbn \nkvIcn¡p¶Xv {]tXyIw ]pWyapÅXmWv. aZo\mico^n IqSpX Imew IgnªpIqSp¶Xv ]pWyhÀ[\hn\v ImcWamWv. aZo\bn acWaSbp¶hÀ¡v \_n(kz)bpsS i^mA¯v e`n¡psa¶v lZokn h¶n«p­v. "Fsâ acWw càkm£nXzamIp¶tXmsSm¸w \nsâ \_n(kz)bpsS \m«n sh¨mbncn¡W'sa¶v alm\mb DaÀ^mdqJv(d) AÃmlpthmSv {]mÀYn¨Xv _pJmcnbnep­v.

aZo\map\Ædbn \n¶v aS¡bm{X Dt±in¨m akvPnZp¶hnbn sN¶v c­v dIvAXv \nkvIcn¡Â kp¶¯mWv. CXv dufmico^nÂsh¨mI D¯aamWv. AhnsSsh¨v Cl]c hnPb¯n\mbn AÃmlpthmSv {]mÀYn¡pI. C\nbpw Cu al¯mb ku`mKyw e`n¡phm\pw Xsâ knbmd¯v kzoImcyamIm\pw th­n AIagnªp ZpB Cc¡Ww.

XpSÀ¶v \_n(kz)bpsS J_dpico^n\Sp¯v sN¶v acymZIÄ ]men¨v kemw ]dbpIbpw ZpB sN¿pIbpw thWw. {]mÀY\bpsS HSphn CXpw IqSn hÀ[n¸n¡pI.

""AÃmlpth, Cu knbmd¯v \nsâ \_n(kz)bpsS hnip² ldante¡pÅ Fsâ Ahkm\s¯ kµÀi\am¡cptX. c­v ldante¡pw C\nbpan\nbpw Xncn¨phcm\pÅ amÀ Kw \o F\n¡v Ffp¸am¡n¯tcWta. Cl]c kuJyhpw am¸pw F\n¡v \o \ÂtIWta. em`w t\Snbhcpw kpc£nXcpambn R§sf \o aSt¡Wta''. (Cu ZpB, “ZnIvdv ZpBIÄ’’ F¶ `mK¯v Ad_nbn tNÀ¯n«p­v).

\_n(kz)tbmSv kemw ]dªp]ncnbpt¼mÄ C\nbpw Cu al¯mb Øm\¯v Xncns¨¯Wsa¶v Bin¡pIbpw I®otcmsS hnS]dbpIbpw thWw. knbmd¯pw ZpBbpw Ignªp apt¶m«p\S¶v ]Ånbn \n¶v CSXpImÂsh¨v ]pd¯nd§n Dt±in¨ `mKt¯¡v Xncnbmw. ]nt¶m«v \S¡cpXv.

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