acp¶pw adpacp¶pw

]\nbnÃm¯hÀ ]\nbpsS acp¶v Ign¡m³ ]mSpt­m? CsX´p hnUvVnt¨mZysa¶mIpw \n§Ä IcpXp¶Xv. F¶m A¯csamcp "hnUvVn¯amWv' tlmantbm¸Xnsb¶ NnIn Õm k{¼Zmb¯nsâ I­p]nSp¯¯nte¡v \bn¨sX¶v \n§Ä¡dnbmtam? tlmantbm¸XnbpsS IY {InkvXy³ s{^UdnIv kmaph l\nam³ F¶ ITn\m[zm\nbmb imkv{XÚsâ hnPbIYbmWv.

kmaph l\nam³ 1755 G{]n 10 \v PÀa\nbnse aoÊ\n P\n¨p. Zmcn{Zyhpw tcmK§fpw Hcpan¨v A{Ian¨t¸mÄ l\namsâ kvIqÄ ]T\w \ne¨p. Nne ssIs¯mgnepIÄ ]Tn¨p. tPmen¡v t]mIpt¼mgpw At±lw hmb\¡v kabw Is­¯n. imkv{X {KÙ§fnembncp¶p XmXv]cyw. aoʳ ]«W¯nse {]kn²\mb Hcp A[ym]I³ l\namsâ _p²nssh`hw a\Ênem¡n. At±lw l\nams\ t{]mÕmln¸n¨p. kz´w \nebn ]Tn¨v ]co£sbgpXn. 1779  sshZyimkv{X¯n _ncpZsaSp¯v tUmIvSÀ kmaph l\nam\mbn. hmb\bpw hnÚm\ k¼mZ\hpw XpSÀ¶psImt­bncp¶p.

Hcp Znhkw l\nam³ "Huj[KpW]mTw' F¶ ]pkvXIw hmbn¡pIbmbncp¶p. knt¦mWs¨SnbpsS sXmen ae¼\ns¡XnscbpÅ kn²uj[amsW¶v ]pkvXI¯n {]Xn]mZn¨ncp¶p. CXv hmbn¨t¸mÄ knt¦mWs¨SnbpsS sXmen AÂ]w Ign¨pt\m¡msa¶v At±l¯n\p tXm¶n. {]tXyIn¨v ImcWsam¶panÃ. shdpsX Hcp tXm¶Â! ]ns¶, H«pw Aam´n¨nÃ. knt¦mWs¯men s]mSn¨v AI¯m¡n.

ASp¯ Znhkw l\nam\n ae¼\nbpsS e£W§Ä I­pXpS§n. At±lw Nn´n¨p. BtcmKyhm\mb Xm³ ae¼\ns¡Xncmb acp¶v Ign¨t¸mÄ X\n¡v ae¼\n ]nSns]«p; At¸mÄ ae¼\n tcmKn¡v AXnsâ Xs¶ AWp¡Ä D]tbmKn¨v NnInÕn¡m\mIntÃ? At±lw ]co£W§Ä XpSÀ¶p. kzbw ]co£W hkvXphmbn. ]e acp¶pIfpw Ign¨p t\m¡n. HSphn l\nam³ Hcp \nKa\¯n F¯n. tcmKw ian¸n¡m³ tcmKe£Wap­m¡p¶ acp¶v \ÂIWw. "kam\w kam\¯m t`Zam¡s¸Sp¶p.'

"knanenbm knanen_kv Iyqtd©À' F¶Xv Hcp emän³ ssienbmWv. "kaw kta\ im´n' F¶v samgnamäw \S¯mw.

tcmKs¯ AÃ tcmKnsbbmWv NnInÕnt¡­sX¶pw B[p\nI sshZyimkv{Xw AYhm Atem¸Xn tcmKt¯msSm¸w tcmKntbbpw \in¸n¡psa¶pw l\nam³ hmZn¨p. acp¶v t\À ¸n¡p¶Xn\\pkcn¨v hocyw IqSpIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. Xm³ BhnjvIcn¨ ]pXnb NnInÕm ]²Xnsb l\nam³ "tlmantbm¸Xn'sb¶p hnfn¨p. 1810 Â At±lw FgpXnb "HmÀKm\¬' F¶ {KÙamWv tlmantbm¸XnbpsS ASnØm\ {]amWambn AwKoIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xv.

l\namsâ NnInÕm coXns¡Xnsc PÀa\nbnse tUmIvSÀamÀ ISp¯ hnaÀi\§Ä Agn¨phn«p. kvIqfn t]mIm¯ apdnsshZysâ hnUvVn¯§fmWv CsX¶v AhÀ Bt£]n¨p. FXnÀ¸v kln¡h¿msX At±l¯n\v PÀa\n hntS­n h¶p. 1821  ]mcoknte¡v ]emb\w sNbvXp. Xsâ 88þ‏mw hbÊn 1843  {InkvXy³ s{^UdnIv kmaph l\nam³ \ncymX\mbn. At±l¯nsâ Imetijw ]e {]apJcpw tlmantbm¸Xnbn KthjW§Ä \S¯n. C¶v Atem¸Xn¡v _Z NnInÕm ]²Xnbmbn tlmantbm¸Xn hfÀ¶n«p­v. ]t£, Ct¸mgpw Cu NnInÕmcoXns¡Xnsc cq£amb hnaÀi\§Ä sXmSp¯phn«psIm­ncn¡p¶p.