Ir{Xnamhbh§Ä

\jvSs¸« ssI, ImÂ, sNhn, ]Ãv, aq¡v XpS§nbhbv¡p ]Icw XZvØm\¯v D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ Ir{Xnamhbh§Ä C¶p e`yamWv. ssPhmhbh§Ä h¨p ]nSn¸n¡p¶Xn\mhiyamIp¶ ikv{X{Inbmhnjaw ChnsS D­mIp¶nÃ.""¹mÌnIv kÀPdnbnse Gähpw hnjaw ]nSn¨ Hcp ]p\À \nÀ½mW {]{InbbmWp _mly IÀ®§fn \S¯p¶ kÀPdn. F¶m Ct¸mÄ Ir{Xnas¨hn hfsc `wKnbmbn D­m¡p¶p­v. C¯cw Ir{Xnas¨hnIÄ hfsc km[mcWbmbnt¯m¶p¶Xp sIm­v ikv{X{Inbtb¡mÄ ChbmWp IqSpX C¶p {]Nmc¯nepÅXv''(saUn¡Â F³sskt¢m]oUnb t]: 562).

""]qÀ®ambpw CÃmXncn¡p¶ ssIIÄ¡v ]p\À\nÀ½mWt¯¡mfpw \ÃXp Ir Xnass¡bmWv. \ho\amb [mcmfw D]IcW§Ä sIm­p hfsc D]Imc{]Zamb Ir{Xnass¡ D­m¡m³ km[n¡pw. hfsc kq£vaamb {]hr¯nIÄ t]mepw Cu ssIIÄ¡p sN¿phm³ Ignbpw'' (saUn¡Â F³sskt¢m]oUnb t]: 562).

Blmcw Nh¨cbv¡p¶Xn\pw \¶mbn Nncn¡p¶Xn\pw klmbn¡p¶ ]Ãv a\pjyicoc¯nse Hcp {][m\ AhbhamWv. Nhbv¡pt¼mÄ ]ÃpIÄ sNep¯p¶ _ew incÊnse AØnIfpsSbpw aäpw BtcmKyIcamb \ne\nÂ]n\p klmbIamWv. (saUn¡Â F³sskt¢m]oUnb t]: 103)  Øncw ]ÃpIfn hÃXpw \ãs¸«m ]n¶oSp ]Icw apfbv¡nÃ. AXpsIm­v X¡Xmb ImcWanÃmsX Hcp ]Ãpw FSp¯pIfbcpXv. hà ImcWhimepw ]Ãv FSp¯pIfbpItbm kzbw s]mgnªp t]mhpItbm sNbvXm ] Icw \nÀ½nX Z´w h¨p XZvØm\w ]cnlcn¡mhp¶XmWv.

]Ãp sh¡p¶Xp sIm­p `wKnbpw Nhbv¡phm\pÅ Ignhpw ho­p In«psa¶p am{XaÃ, apJt¯bpw hmbv¡pÅntebpw t]inIÄ¡pw AØnIÄ¡pw BtcmKyIcambn \ne \n¡m³ km[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p'' (Ibid P: 120).

apgph³ ]Ãpw \jvSs¸«m \m¡p ]c¶v AXnsâ hen¸w hÀ²n¡p¶p; CXp aqeamWp hr²·mcn NneÀ \m¡p ]pd¯n«p sIm­ncn¡p¶Xv. ]Ãpapgph³ t]mbmÂ, AXp hbv¡mXncp¶m XmSnsbÃpIÄ¡p tXbvam\w kw`hn¡p¶p. Iq«¯n sNhnbn  lp¦mcw, \mshcn¨nÂ, XethZ\ XpS§nb e£W§tfmSp IqSnb ""tIm̳kn³t{Umw'' F¶ AkpJw D­mIp¶p. ]Ãp shbv¡p¶tXmsS CsXms¡ amdnt¸mIpw. Ht¶m ct­m ]Ãp \jvSs¸«mepw AhbpsS ]p\Àkrãn DSs\ \S¯s¸tS­XmWv. Asæn kao]¯pÅ ]ÃpIÄ¡p Øm\{`wiw kw`hn¡pIbpw tamW tcmK§fp­mIpIbpw sN¿pw. {ItaW ]ÃpIÄ \ãs¸Sm\paXnSbm¡p¶p (Ibid P: 121).

B\s¡m¼v, ISÂNn¸n, temlw F¶nhsIm­p inÂ]nIfpw, kzÀW¸Wn¡mcpw XoÀ¯ ]ÃpIfmbncp¶p ]­p Ime§fn D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv. C¶p B[p\nI imkv{X¯nsâ klmbt¯msS Gähpw efnX kpµcamb \nÀ½nX ]ÃpIfmWv D]tbmKn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. "A{InenIv' F¶ hkvXpsIm­p cq]s¸Sp¯nsbSp¡p¶ \nÀ½nX Z´w `wKnbpw _ehpapÅXpamWv (Ibid P: 121).