\ntcm[nX kwKoX§Ä

kwKoXw Be]n¡p¶ hyIvXnIÄ t{imXm¡fn ZpÀhnImchpw ZpjvNn´bpw D¬Sm¡p¶hcmIpI F¶XmWv kwKoXw ldmamIp¶Xn\pÅ Hcp ImcWw. DZmlcWambn A\ykv{XobpsS Km\w A\y]pcpj³ tIÄ¡pI, CXp kv{Xo ]pcpjs\tbm, ]pcpj³ kv{Xosbtbm ImWp¶ hn[¯ntem, A\ykv{Xo]pcpj³amÀ HcnS¯p X\n¨mIp¶ hn[¯ntem BsW¦n ldmamWv. Cu c¬Sp hn[¯nepasænÂ, AYhm kv{XobpsS Km\w am{Xw tIÄ¡p¶ cq]¯nemsW¦n aX]WvVnX³amÀ¡v XZvhnjb¯n aq¶`n{]mbamWpÅXv. H¶v, kv{XobpsS i_vZw Hud¯mWv. AXpsIm¬Sv AhfpsS Km\w tIÄ¡Â ldmamWv. c¬Sv, AhfpsS i_vZw Hud¯Ã. AXpsIm¬Sv AhfpsS km[mcW i_vZw tIÄ¡p¶Xn\v hntcm[anÃ. ]t£, AhfpsS Km\w tIÄ¡Â ldmamWv. ImcWw, AXp km[mcW i_vZ¯n \n¶pw hyXykvXambn, kzccmK CuW§Ä sIm¬Sv a\w Ihcp¶XmWv. AXpsIm¬Sv Km\{ihWw \njn²amWv. aq¶v, kv{XobpsS i_vZw Hud¯Ã, AXpsIm¬Sv AhfpsS Km\w tIÄ¡p¶Xn\p hntcm[anÃ. ]t£, tZmj^es¯ Ipdn¨p Bi¦bp¬sS¦n tIÄ¡Â ldmamWv. Ahsftbm aäp hà kv{Xosbtbm {]m]n¡phmt\m, kv]Àin¡phmt\m, t\m¡phmt\m, t{]an¡phmt\m CShcpsa¶ `bmi¦ tZmj^eamWv. At¸mÄ Ffp¸w hnImc]chicmIm³ km[yXbpÅhÀ¡p {ihWw ldmamIpw. AÃm¯hÀ¡v ldmanÃ, Idml¯mWv. AYhm Dt]£n¡p¶XmWp¯aw. Cu aq¶mw A`n{]mbamWv {]_ew. tZmj^emi¦bptÅS¯v, kpµccmb Ipamc·mcpsS Km\¯n\p kv{XoKm\¯nsâ hn[nbmWpÅXv (I^v^pdBAv 26, 58 Xplv^, iÀhm\n 10/219).

_m¦v, hnip² JpÀB³ F¶nh¡p kwKoXcoXn kzoIcn¡pIsb¶XmWv kwKoXw \njn²amIp¶Xn\pÅ asddmcp \nan¯w. C_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p: _m¦v Km\coXnbn \o«n¸mSp¶Xv Idml¯mWv. F¶m AÀY¯n\pw Bib¯n\pw hyXymkw hcp¶ coXnbn ]Z§Ä \o«pItbm ]ckv]cw hntOZn¡pItbm sNbvXpsIm¬SmsW¦n ldmamWv. am{Xaà Ahbn ]eXpw Im^ndmbn¯ocp¶Xn\phsc CShcp¯pw (Xplv^ 2/99).
Camw kÀ¡in (d) ]dbp¶p. _m¦pImÀ¡v ]nWbmdpÅ Nne A_²§fp¬Sv. Ah kq£nt¡¬SXmWv. Nne DZmlcW§Ä: AIv_À F¶Xv BIv_À Ft¶m AivlZp F¶Xv BivlZp Ft¶m D¨cn¡pI. Ch ]cnlmky§fmb tNmZy§fmbn¯ocpw. A{]Imcw AIv_mÀ F¶p¨cn¡pt¼mÄ sN¬SIÄ F¶ÀYw hcpw. emCeml F¶nS¯p \nÀ¯n, ]n¶oSv CÃÃmlv F¶p¨cn¡pt¼mÄ AXp ssZh\ntj[ambn ]cnWan¡pw. AXpsIm¬Sv CXpc¬Spw A_²§fmsW¶p am{XaÃ, Im^ndmIp¶Xn\phsc ImcWamtb¡pw. AÃmlv, Akvkzemlv, AÂ^emlv F¶nh Ad_nIfpsS Iogvhg¡¯n\p hncp²ambn AanXambn \o«p¶Xv ]niIpw sXäpamWv. AÃmlp F¶Xv lÃmlp F¶p¨cn¡p¶Xv hjfmb ]niImWv. Akkzemlv F¶Xnse A´ym£cw Hgnhm¡n l¿AeÊzem F¶p ]dªm AKv\nbnte¡p hcq F¶mIpw kmcw (iÀhm\n 2/99). kwKoX¯nsâ CuW¯n\pw coXn¡pw hg§phm³ th¬Sn {lkzam¡pItbm, ]Z§sf Xncnadn \S¯pItbm AØm\¯p apdn¨p¨cn¡pItbm sN¿pt¼mÄ AÀY¯n\pw Bib¯n\pw ]et¸mgpw hyXymkw kw`hns¨¶p hcpw. A§s\ h¶m _m¦v Km\am¡p¶Xv ldmapw Csæn Idml¯pamWv. c¬Smbmepw Dt]£nt¡¬SXmWv. H¶mat¯Xn Dt]£ \nÀ_Ôhpw c¬Smat¯Xn D¯ahpamWv.
hnip² JpÀB³ i_vZ`wKntbmsS HmXp¶Xpw kmhImiw Bibw HmÀ¯psIm¬Sp ]mcmbWw sN¿p¶Xpw ]mcmbWthfbn Icbp¶Xpw i_vZ`wKnbpÅhsâ ]mcmbWw {i²n¡p¶Xpw ]ckv]c ]mcmbWw \S¯p¶Xpw A`nImayamWv; kp¶¯mWv (Xplv^, iÀhm\n 10/219). i_vZkuµcyt¯msS JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw A`nImayamsW¶Xn\p A\pIqeamb Nne lZokpIÄ ImWpI.
JpÀB\ns\ \n§fpsS i_vZ§Ä sIm¬Sp `wKnbm¡pI (AlvaZv, A_qZmhqZv, \kmC, C_v\pamP, C_v\plnºm³). ImcWw kpµci_vZw JpÀB\n\p N´w hÀ²n¸n¡pw (Zmcnan, lmInw). i_vZ`wKntbmsSm¸w `àntbmsSbpw `ànP\Iamb ssienbnepamIWw ]mcmbWw. \_n (kz) ]dbp¶p:
k¦SktaXw HmXp¶hsâ ]mcmbWamWv Gähpw D¯aamb ]mcmbWw (Xz_vdm\n).
kwLw tNÀ¶v HmXp¶Xn\p hntcm[anÃ. Ipd¨mfpIÄ Hcp `mKw HmXpIbpw AXn\ptijapÅ `mKw aäpNneÀ HmXpIbpw sNbvXpsIm¬Sv amdnamdn HmXpItbm FÃmhcpw IqSn HmXpItbm sN¿mw. ]t£, A£c§sf icnbmb LS\bn \n¶p sXän¡p¶ hn[w JpÀB³ kwKoXam¡m³ ]mSnÃ. A§s\ sNbvXm tI«h\pw Ipä¡mcmIpw. JpÀB\nsâ t\cmb ]mcmbWamÀKw Ah³ hn«pIfªp F¶XmWv ImcWw (Xplv^, iÀhm\n 10/219). Km\coXnIfn JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw \S¯p¶Xp \ncp]m[nIw A\phZ\obam¡nb Nnecp¬Sv. i_vZ`wKn hcp¯Wsa¶ lZokpIfmWv AhÀ ]nSnIqSnbn«pÅXv. aäp ]ecpw \ncp]m[nIambn, ImÀ¡iyt¯msS AXp \ntcm[n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. AXp hnt\mZhpw BËmZ{]IS\hpambn amdpw. am{XaÃ, \_n (kz) bpw kzlm_¯pw kzoIcn¨ k{¼Zmb¯n\p hncp²amb _nZvA¯pIqSnbmWXv. CXmWv ChcpsS \ymbw. F¶m Camw im^nCu (d) Cu c¬Sp \ne]mSpIÄ¡panSbn tkm]m[nIamb \ne]mSmWv kzoIcn¨n«pÅXv. A£c§fpsS kzm`mhnI LS\¡p hyXymkw hcp¯psa¦n A\phZ\obaÃ. adn¨msW¦n A\phZ\obamhpw (I^v^pdBAv 86þ87).
kwKoXcoXnIfpsS {IaoIcW¯n\pth¬Sn JpÀB\nI ]Z§Ä AXnsâ kzm`mhnIXbn \n¶p hyXnNen¸nt¡¬Sn hcp¶hn[w Km\coXnIfn hnip² JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sN¿p¶Xv ldmamWv. Xmsg ]dbp¶ Ggp ImcW§fn hÃXpw D¬SmIpt¼mgmWv AXp kw`hn¡pI. H¶v, Hc£cw IS¯n¡q«pI. c¬Sv, Hc£cw Ipd¡pI. aq¶v, ]pXnb kzcm£cw DÛhn¡pw hn[w AImcCImcDImc§sf \o«pI. \mev, AØm\¯v Cc«n¸v hcp¯pI. A©v, a±pÅnS¯v \o«mXncn¡pI. Bdv, a±v CÃm¯nS¯n \o«pI. Ggv, ]Zs¯tbm AÀYs¯tbm Ahyàam¡p¶hn[w CuWw sh¡pI. Bem]\mÀYw h¶ptNcp¶ Gä¡pd¨nepIÄ a\x]qÀhaÃm¯XpsIm¬SmWv aX{`jvSn\p ImcWambn KWn¡msX ldmw am{Xambn ]WvVnX·mÀ F®nbn«pÅXv (I^v^pdBAv 86þ89, Xplv^, iÀhm\n 10/219).
DÅS¡w No¯bmhpI, KmbIÀ t{imXm¡fn ZpÀhnImcap±o]n¸n¡p¶hcmIpI, _m¦pw JpÀB\pw sIm¬Sv ]m«v ]mSpI F¶o ImcW§Ä sIm¬Sv kwKoXw ldmamIpsa¶t]mse Xs¶ Nne kwKotXm]IcW§fpsS hmZ\t¯msSbpÅ ]m«pIfpw ldmamWv. hmZ\w ldmambm AtXmsSm¸apÅ Bem]\hpw ldmamIpw. kwKoXw kp¶¯mb kµÀ`§fpw ldmamb taJeIfpamWnXphsc ]dªXv. D]ImcapÅXp kp¶¯pw D]{ZhapÅXp ldmapamsW¶p \mw a\Ênem¡n. F¶m D]Imchpw D]{ZhhpanÃm¯htbm? AXp A\phZ\obamWv. Camw KÊmen (d) ]dbp¶p. kZvIÀa¯n\p t{]cIamb kwKoXw kZvIÀahpw ZpjvIÀa¯n\p t{]cIamb kwKoXw ZpjvIÀahpamWv. Chbnsem¶papt±in¨nsæn AXp hn«phogvN \ÂIs¸« Hcp hnt\mZhpamIp¶p (iÀhm\n 10/218). F¶m CXv Ckvemansâ BhnÀ`mhIme¯pw kzlm_¯nsâ bpK¯nepw {]Nmc¯nep¬Smbncp¶ Nne efnXamb Km\§fpsSbpw ]m«pIfpsSbpw hn[nbmWv. a\pjys\ AXymËmZw sImÅn¡pItbm hnImc]chi\m¡pItbm hnt\mZ{]nb\m¡pItbm `uXnIelcnbn ebn¸n¡pItbm sN¿p¶ XmfmßIamb CuWcmK§tfmSpIqSnb kwKoXw CXnÂ\n¶p  hyXykvXamWv.
AÚmXIme¯p Km\¯nsâ Nne hyXykvXcoXnIÄ Ad_nIÄ¡dnbmambncp¶p. AXp kwKoX¯nsâ {]mYanI cq]§Ä am{Xambncp¶p. ]t£, AXn\p \nÝnX kmt¦XnI Nn«IfpÅ CuW§Ä Ad_nKm\§Ä¡p¬Smbncp¶nÃ. ]n¶oSv DahoImeL«¯n am{XamWv kwKoXw Hcp ]qÀWIebmbn ]cnWan¨Xv. Ad_nIÄ CXckaql§fpambn IqSn¡ecpIbpw AhcpsS kwKoXhpw ayqkn¡pw Ad_nIfn kzm[o\w sNep¯pIbpw sNbvXt¸mgmWv AXp kw`hn¨Xv. C¡mcyw F¨v. Pn. ^mÀaÀ Xsâ lnÌdn Hm^v Ad_nIv ayqkn¡v F¶ {KÙ¯n D²cn¨n«p¬Sv (tUm. iuJossZ^v, tPmÀPvsskZmsâ Ad_nkmlnXyNcn{X¯ns\gpXnb hymJym\¡pdn¸v 1/69).
a\pjya\kpIsf lcw]nSn¸n¨p AanXmËmZ¯nsâ kmKc¯n ap¡ns¡mÃpItbm ]cnkcw ad¸n¨p hnt\mZelcnbpsS hnlmbknte¡p dm©ns¡m¬Spt]mIpItbm sN¿p¶ ]n¡me coXnIfnepÅ kwKoX§Ä, sXänsâ hi§sfm¶pansæn Idml¯mIpsa¶mWv ]WvVnX·mÀ ]dªn«pÅXv. kwKoXw Idml¯mWv, AYhm AXp ]mSp¶Xpw tIÄ¡p¶Xpw Dt]£n¡p¶XmWp¯aw F¶mWv Camw \hhn (d) Xsâ hnizhnJymXhpw B[nImcnIhpamb an³lmPv F¶ {KÙ¯n ]dªn«pÅXv. an³lmPnsâ Gähpw B[nImcnI hymJym\amb Xplv^bn ssiJv C_v\plPÀ (d) ]dbp¶p. kzlm_namcnepw A\´cKmanIfnepw Hcp hn`mKw Be]n¨Xmbn D²cn¡s¸«n«pÅ kwKoX¯nsâ kz`mh¯nepÅhbÃ. C¡mes¯ kwKoX§Ä lrZbmhÀPI§fmb CuW§fnepw arZpeamb cmK§fnepapÅhbmWv. AXp a\kpIsfbpw hnImc§sfbpw Cf¡nhnSp¶p. Camw AZvdCu (d), Camw JpÀYp_n (d) F¶nhÀ C¡mcyw hyàam¡nbn«p¬Sv. Rm³ Fsâ I^v^pdBAv F¶ {KÙ¯n th¬S hn[w hniZoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«p¬Sv (Xplv^ 10/219). C¯cw Km\s¯ Ipdn¨mWv ]WvVnX·mÀ Idml¯v F¶p ]dªn«pÅXv. Xplv^bpsS {]mamWnI hymJym\¯n AÃmam iÀhm\n ]dbp¶p: \·¡p t{]cIamb Km\w kp¶¯pw Xn·¡p t{]cIambXp ldmapw AXp c¬SpaÃm¯Xp Idml¯pamIp¶p (iÀhm\n 10/223).