NqXm«w, ]InSIfn

{]mNo\ Imew apXÂt¡ C´y, {Kokv, tdmw F¶nhnS§fn {]Nmc¯nep¬Smbncp¶ Hcp hnt\mZamWv NqXpIfn. Bdp hi§fpÅ sNdnb NXpc¡«IÄ NqXp]eIbn \nc¯n {]tXyI \nba§f\pkcn¨psIm¬SmWv Ifn. NqXnse Icp¡fmb Cu I«IÄ¡v Np¡nWnIÄ F¶p ]dbp¶p. {]mNo\Ime¯v Xm¶n¡pcp¡Ä sIm¬SmWv NqXpIÄ D¬Sm¡nbncp¶Xv. taml³PZmtcmbnepw lmc¸bnepw \S¶ DXvJ\\§fn Z´\nÀanX§fmb Np¡nWnIÄ I¬SpIn«nbn«p¬Ss{X. ]t£, C¶p skÃptemkv, ¹mÌnIv apXembhsIm¬Sv Np¡nWnIÄ \nÀan¡p¶p. Hmtcm I«bnepw H¶papX Bdphsc Ip¯pIÄ (Zzmc§Ä) D¬Smbncn¡pw. NqXpIÄ \mse®w hoXapÅ \mep skäpIfmbncn¡pw. c¬Spt]À am{Xambn«pw c¬Spt]À hoXapÅ c¬Sp Soambn«pw Ifn¡mdp¬Sv. NqXpIfn cmPm¡³amÀ¡v hÀPyamb k]vXhyk\§fn H¶msW¶pw NqXpIfnbneqsS cmPm[nImcw \jvSs¸«hcmWv [Àa]p{Xcpw \f\psa¶pw sslµh]pcmW§Ä ]dbp¶p. C§s\ NqXpIfnbpsS tZmj§Ä Du¶n¸dbpt¼mÄ Xs¶ cmPm¡·mÀ¡pth­n {_Òmhn\m \nÀan¡s¸«XmWnXv F¶ {]kvXmhhpw ]pcmW§fnep¬Sv (kÀÆhnÚm\tImiw 11/104, 105).
NqXpIfn ]e \mSpIfnepw ]e coXnbnemWv \S¶ncp¶Xv. AÚm\Ime¯v Atd_ybn \nehnep¬Smbncp¶ Hcp hnt\mZambncp¶p ssaknÀ. ssaknÀ F¶m NqXpIfnbmsW¶v {]hmNIinjy³amcmb C_v\pDaÀ (d), C_v\pAºmkv (d) F¶nhÀ {]kvXmhn¨n«p¬Sv. Ckvemansâ BKaw hsc NqXpIfn k{¼Zmbw Ad_nIfn \ne\n¶ncp¶p. AÃmlp CXymZn Zpxkz`mh§fn \n¶v Ahsc \ntcm[n¨v hne¡pIbp¬Smbn. {]kn² Xm_nCu ]WvVnXcmb AXzmAv, apPmlnZv, XzmDukv F¶nhÀ ]dbp¶p: NqXm« C\¯n s]« FÃm kwKXnbpw ssakndn s]Sp¶p. Ip«nIfpsS A¬Sn¡fn hsc (X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ 2/127). ]Ww sh¨p am{XaÃ, `mcyamscbpw k¼mZy§sfbpw apgph³ ]´bw sh¨v, Ad_nIÄ Ckveman\pap¼v NqXpIfn¡mdp¬Smbncp¶psh¶v C_v\pAºmkv (d) ]dbp¶p. C{]Imcw Ifn¨p ]cmPbs¸Sp¶h\v `mcyamcpw k¼¯pw \jvSs¸SpIbpw AXv tPXmhv t\SpIbpw sN¿pambncp¶p (X^vkoÀ JpÀXzp_n 2/50).
A¡me¯v Ad_nIfn {]Nmc¯nep­mbncp¶ Hcp ssakndmbncp¶p ‘H«I¨qXm«w’. CXv c¬Sphn[¯nembncp¶p. Hcp H«Is¯ Adp¯v ]¯phoXw sh¨p Ifnbn ]s¦Sp¡p¶ ]¯mfpIfpsS t]cn Akv{X§Ä Ii¡nsbSp¡pIbmbncp¶p Ahbnsem¶v. ]¯p Akv{X§fn H¶n\v Ggpw asäm¶n\p aq¶pw hnlnX§fmbncp¶p. CXpc¬Spw t\Sp¶hÀ H«Iw apgph³ ssIhis¸Sp¯pw. aäpÅhÀ ]cmPbs¸Spw. AhÀ Cu H«I¯nsâ hne sImSp¡Ww. CXmWv Gähpw {]Nmc¯nep¬Smbncp¶ ssaknÀ. AXpsIm¬SmWv {]kn² Ad_n¡hnbmbncp¶ CwdpDÂssJkv Xsâ ImapIntbmSv C{]Imcw ]dªXv:
AdpsIme sN¿s¸« lrZb¯nsâ ]¯p `mK§sfbpw, \nsâ \b\mkv{X§Ä sIm¬Sv ASns¨Sp¡m³ th¬Sn am{XamWv \nsâ Ccpt\{X§Ä I®oscmgp¡nbn«pÅXv. ChnsS Ihn Xsâ lrZbs¯ NqXn Adp¯p ]¯mbn `mKn¡p¶ H«It¯mSpw, ImapInbpsS I®pIsf NqXn Ggpw aq¶pw hnlnXw t\Sp¶ apAÃm, dJo_v F¶o c¬Sp Akv{X§tfmSpw I®oscmgp¡n lrZbs¯ ]qÀWambn kzm[o\n¡p¶Xns\ NqXpIfnbn H«I`mK§Ä apgph³ t\Sp¶Xnt\mSpw kmZriyam¡nbncn¡pIbmWv (iÀlp apAÃJm¯v, kukn\n 15, 16).
Hcp H«Is¯ Ccp]s¯«phoXw sh¨p, ]¯p Akv{X§Ä Ii¡nsbSp¡pIbmWv asämcp cq]w. Ggp Akv{X§Ä¡p bYm{Iaw 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 F¶o hoX§fp¬Smbncn¡pw. aqs¶®¯n\v ]qPyhpw. ]qPyw In«p¶hcmWv H«I¯nsâ hne \ÂtI¬SXv (JpÀXzp_n 2/50, dmkn 3/45, 46).
ssakndnsâ AYhm NqXpIfnbpsS \nehnep¬Smbncp¶ FÃm C\§sfbpw aäp KpcpXcamb sXäpItfmsSm¸w \ntcm[n¨psIm¬Sv hnip² JpÀB³ ]dªp:
kXyhnizmknItf, aZyhpw NqXm«hpw hn{Kl{]XnjvTIfpw {]iv\w sh¡m\pÅ Akv{X§fpw ss]imNnI {]hÀ¯\§fn s]« No¯Imcy§fmIp¶p. BIbmÂ, \n§Ä hnPbw {]m]n¨hcmIp¶Xn\pth¬Sn B No¯Imcy§Ä hÀPn¡pI. aZy¯neqsSbpw NqXm«¯neqsSbpw \n§Ä¡nSbn i{XpXbpw hntZzjhpw D¬Sm¡phm\pw \n§sf, AÃmlpsh kvacn¡p¶Xn \n¶pw \nkvImc¯n \n¶pw XSbphm\pw am{XamWv ]nimNv Dt±in¡p¶Xv. AXpsIm¬Sv \n§Ä hncan¡m³ X¿mdpt­m? (hnip² JpÀB³ 5/90þ91).
NqXm«w Gähpw KpcpXcamb kmaqlnI Ipä§fnsem¶mWv. AXpsIm¬SmWv hn{Kl{]XnjvTIfpw iIp\mkv{X§fpw \ntcm[n¨ Iq«¯n Xs¶ AXpw \ntcm[n¨Xv. Ckvemansâ ho£W¯n Adphjfmb ZpjvIÀa§fnsem¶pIqSnbmWnXv. ImcWw aZyw t]mse Xs¶ NqXm«hpw ]nimNn\p a\pjya\knte¡pÅ IhmSamWv. ]nimNv BIs« a\pjysâ _²sshcnbpw. hnizmknIÄ¡nSbn hntZzjhpw i{XpXbpw krjvSn¡pI, Ahsc AÃmlpsh¡pdn¨pÅ t_m[¯n \n¶pw \nkvImc¯n \n¶pw ]n´n¸n¡pI CXpam{XamWv Ahsâ e£yw. ssa{Xn¡p ]Icw i{XpXbpw kvt\l¯n\p]Icw hntZzjhpw Dfhm¡p¶Xnep]cn B]¯p asä´p¬Sv? AÃmlpsh¡pdn¨pw \nkvImcs¯¡pdn¨pw Hcp apkvenw A{i²mephmIp¶Xnt\¡mÄ KpcpXcamb tZmjw asä´p¬Sv? \n§Ä ]ckv]cw kvt\lapÅhcmIpthmfw kzÀK¯n {]thin¡pIbnsömWv \_n (kz) ]dªn«pÅXv. Fsâ kvacWbn \n¶v hÃh\pw ]n´ncnªm XoÀ¨bmbpw Ah\v t¢iIcamb PohnXap¬sS¶v hnip² JpÀB³ DWÀ¯nbn«p¬Sv. am{XaÃ, \nkvImc Imcy¯n A{i²bpw IrXyhntem]hpw ImWn¡p¶Xns\ kw_Ôn¨v hnip² JpÀB³ iàamb Xm¡oXv \ÂInbn«p¬Sv.
X§fpsS \nkvImcs¯¡pdn¨v A{i²mep¡fmb \nkvImc¡mÀ¡v alm\miw (hnip² JpÀB³ 107/4, 5). AhÀ¡ptijw (A\p{KloXcmb B {]hmNI·mÀ¡p tijw) Hcp Zpjn¨ Xeapd ]Icw h¶p. AhÀ \nkvImcw ]mgm¡pIbpw X¶njvS§sf ]n´pScpIbpw sNbvXp. BIbm AhÀ alm\miw Is­¯pw (hnip² JpÀB³ 19/59).
NqXm«w hyànIÄ¡pw kaql¯n\pw A]ISIcamsW¶ Imcy¯n kwibanÃ. KpcpXcamb hn\Ifpw hyàamb Ipg¸§fpw AXpaptJ\ kw`hn¡p¶p. P\§Ä¡v \njv{InbXzhpw Bekyhpw ioen¸n¡p¶ hnt\mZamWnXv. A²zm\hpw t¢ihpanÃmsX A\nÝnX amÀK¯neqsS km¼¯nI em`hpw ]ptcmKXnbpw ssIhcn¡pIbmWv NqXm«¡mcpsS e£yw. bmZrÑnI ku`mKys¯bpw \ncÀYIamb hymtaml§sfbpw Ahew_n¡pIbmWhÀ sN¿p¶Xv. P\§sf aX]chpw `uXnIhpamb D¯chmZn¯§fn \n¶v A{i²cm¡p¶psh¶XmWv NqXm«¯nsâ asämcp tZmjw. ImcWw NqXpIfn Ahkm\n¡pt¼mÄ AXnteÀs¸«h\p H¶pIn hnPbw Asæn ]cmPbw kw`hn¡p¶p. hnPbw, ho¬Spw NqXpIfn¨v em`w hÀ²n¸n¡phm\pw t\«w Iq«phm\pw Ahs\ t{]cn¸n¡p¶p. ]cmPbamhs« Ahs\ ss\cmiy¯nte¡v \bn¡p¶p. Cu ss\cmiyw, ho¬Spw Ifn¨v hn\jvSamb ]Ww ho¬sSSp¡p¶Xn\v Ahs\ t{]cn¸n¡p¶p. ASp¯ XhW `mKyw Ahs\ XpWt¨¡psa¶ {]Xo£ AXn {]tNmZIamhp¶p. X¶nan¯w tPXmhpw ]cmPnX\pw NqXm« kZÊv hnSmsX NqXv Icp¡Ä¡pap¼n X]Êncn¡p¶p. \nanj§fpw aWn¡qdpIfpw \mfpIfpw IS¶pt]mIp¶Xv Ahcdnbp¶nÃ.
Zmcn{Zy¯n\pw BßlXy¡pw NqXpIfn ImcWamIp¶p. Ifnbn lcw ]nSn¡pt¼mÄ Hcn¡epw Xncn¨phcm¯hn[w Xsâ ssIbn \n¶pw \jvSs¸«pt]mIp¶ kwJyIÄ kmcam¡msX, Ipdª kabw sIm¬Sv Ffp¸ amÀK¯n k¼¶\mIphm\pÅ hymtamlw \nan¯w \jvSs¸«Xnep]cn t\Smsa¶ {]Xo£tbmsS Ifn¡mc³ bXv\w XpScp¶p. ssIbnepÅsXÃmw Xocpt¼mÄ \jvSt_m[hpw Zmcn{Zy¯nsâ BLmXhpw Ahs\ BßlXy¡p \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶p. am{Xaà AXn{Ia¯n\pw sIme]mXI¯n\pw NqXpIfn ]et¸mgpw \nan¯amImdp¬Sv. ImcWw ]cmPnX³ \jvSt_m[hpw ss\cmiyhpw \nan¯w tPXmhnt\mSv Akqbbpw ]IbpapÅh\mbn amdp¶p. AS§m¯ Akqbbpw HSp§m¯ ]Ibpw Xsâ ]Ww X«nsbSp¯v ]m¸c¯w k½m\n¨ tPXmhns\ IS¶m{IaWw \S¯pItbm h[n¡pItbm sN¿p¶Xn\v t{]cn¸n¡p¶p. AÃmlphnsâ {]kvXmhw F{Xta Nn´\obamWv: aZy¯neqsSbpw NqXm«¯neqsSbpw i{XpXbpw hntZzjhpw D¬Sm¡phm\pw AÃmlphns\ kvacn¡p¶Xn \n¶pw \nkvImc¯n \n¶pw \n§sf XSbphm\pamWv ]nimNv Dt±in¡p¶Xv. BIbm \n§Ä hncan¡m³ X¿mdpt­m?.
NqXpIfn t]mse¯s¶ \njn²amb Hcp hnt\mZamWv ]InSIfn. ]InSIfn A£{IoUbpsS (NqXvIfnbpsS) Hcp Xct`ZamWv (AJnehnÚm\tImiw 3/644). sNÊn\pw NXpcwK¯n\pw Nne Imcy§fn hyXymkapÅXpt]mse NqXpIfnbn \n¶pw AÂ]w am{Xamb hyXymkamWv ]InSIfn¡pÅXv (kÀÆhnÚm\tImiw 11/105).
]InS F¶ D]IcWw D]tbmKn¨p Ifn¡p¶ hnt\mZamWv ]InSIfn. ]n¨f, HmSv, sN¼v F¶o teml§Ä sIm¬SmWv ]InS \nÀan¡p¶Xv. DÅv s]mÅbmb Cu D]IcW¯n\pÅn sNdpaWnIfpÅXn\m Dcp«pt¼mÄ InepInep i_vZap¬SmIpw. ]InS¡p \mep hi§fp¬Sv. Hcp hi¯v ASbmf§sfm¶panÃ. aäp aq¶p hi§fnepw 1, 2, 3 F¶ {Ia¯n Zzmc§fp¬SmIpw. ]InS Dcp«n¡fn¡pt¼mÄ apIfnse ASbmf§Ä t\m¡nbmWv hnPbw IW¡m¡pI. 25 tImjvT§Ä (5 x 5) AS§p¶XmWv Ifn¡fw. ]InS hogp¶X\pkcn¨v Cu IÅnIfn sNdnb Icp¡Ä Ibäns¡m¬Sncn¡pw. \Sp¡Ånbn BcpsS IcphmtWm BZysa¯p¶Xv AbmÄ hnPbn¡pw (AJnehnÚm\tImiw 3/644 t\m¡pI).
NqXpIfnbpsS FÃm Zqjy§fpw ]InSIfn¡pap¬Sv. ImcWw NqXpIfnbpsS Hcp hIt`ZamWv ]InSIfn (AJnehnÚm\tImiw 3/644). NqXpIfntbmSv ASp¯p\n¡p¶ Hcp IfnbmWv ]InSIfn (amXr`qan hmcm´¸Xn¸v 28þ9þ2003). AXpsIm¬SpXs¶ ]InSIfnsb Ckvemw \ntcm[n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. Camw \hhn, CkvemanI IÀaimkv{X kwt£]amb an³lmPv F¶ hnJymX {KÙ¯n ]dbp¶p:
icnbmb A`n{]mb{]Imcw ]InSIfn ldmamWv (t]Pv 202). {]kn² im^nCu ]WvVnX\mb C_v\plPÀ Xsâ khmPnÀ F¶ {KÙ¯n h³Ipäambn ]InSIfnsb F®nbn«p¬Sv. AXn\p sXfnhmbn At±lw D²cn¨ Nne lZokpIÄ ImWpI:
hà hyànbpw ]InS Ifn¨m Ah³ AÃmlphnt\mSpw dkqent\mSpw A\pkcWt¡Sv ImWn¨p (A_qZmhqZv, C_v\plnºm³, lmInw). hà hyànbpw ]InS Ifn¡p¶psh¦n AXp Xsâ ssI ]¶n amwk¯nepw AXnsâ cà¯nepw ap¡p¶Xn\p XpeyamWv (apkvenw, A_qZmhqZv, C_v\pamP).]InS Ifn¡pIbpw ]n¶oSv Fgpt¶äv \nkvIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ New sIm¬Spw ]¶ncàw sIm¬Spw AwKip²n hcp¯nbXn\ptijw Fgpt¶äp \n¶p \nkvIcn¡p¶h\p XpeyamWv (AlvaZv, A_qbAvem, ss_lJn). \_n (kz) ]InS Ifn¨psIm¬Sncp¶ Hcp kwLamfpIfpsS kao]w \S¶pt]mIm\nSbmbn. At¸mÄ AhnSp¶v ]dªp:
A{i²amb lrZb§Ä, A²zm\n¡p¶ Ic§Ä, A\mhiyw ]dbp¶ \mhpIÄ (ss_lJn).
Cu lZokpIfn \n¶v ]InSIfn h³IpäamsW¶p hyàamIp¶XmWv. CXp \njn²amb hnt\mZamsW¶v, Camw im^nCu (d) Xsâ A D½v {KÙ¯n JWvVnXambn tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p¬Sv. CubSnØm\¯n CXp ldmamsW¶p Camw amhÀZn, AÂlmho F¶ {KÙ¯nepw dqbm\n AÂ_lvdnepw hyàam¡nbn«p¬Sv. ]InSIfn sNdptZmjaÃ, h³Ipä§fnsem¶mWv F¶XmWv icnsb¶v Camap ldssa\n {]kvXmhn¨n«p¬Sv. Camw AZvdCbpw Cu A`n{]mbamWv tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXv. At±lw ]dbp¶p: ]InS IfnbpsS tZmj§Ä AdnªpsIm¬Spw, AtXmÀ½n¨psIm¬Spw, Ifn¨m Ah³ ]m]nbpw km£n¡v AtbmKy\pambn Xocp¶XmWv. AXv GXp\m«n sh¨p Ifn¨mepw icn, A`nam\¯n\p £XtaÂ]n¨psh¶XpsIm¬SÃ, {]XypX ITn\ambn \ntcm[n¡s¸« Hcp Imcyw sNbvXpsh¶XpsIm¬SmWv ChnsS km£n¡p AtbmKy\mbn«pÅXv (khmPnÀ 2/198, 199).
NqXpIfnbpsS hIt`Zamb ]InS Ifn NqXpIfnt]mse¯s¶ a\pjys\ [mÀanIambpw kmwkvImcnIambpw km¼¯nIambpw A[x]Xn¸n¡p¶XmWv. BbpjvImes¯ Im³kÀ t]mse ImÀ¶p Xn¶pIfbpw. DtZzK¯nsâ apÄap\bn \nÀ¯n a\pjys\ ]et¸mgpw am\knI kwLÀj¯n\pw XÖ\yamb hn\IÄ¡pw hnt[b\m¡pw. hnZKv[cpsS B[nImcnIamb A\p`h hnhcWw ImWpI:]InSIfn H«pw kab_ÔnXaÃ, Nnet¸mÄ BgvNItfmfw \o¬Spsh¶ncn¡pw. C¯cw kµÀ`§fn Zn\IrXy§Ä \nÀhln¡phm³ am{Xta Ifn¡mÀ Ifw hnSq. At¸mÄ ]Ic¡msc \ntbmKn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. IfnbpsS \nÀWmbI L«§fn BÀ¸phnfnbpw A«lmk§fpsams¡ ]XnhmWv. C¡mcy¯n Ifn¡msct¶m Ifn¡¼¡msct¶m t`ZanÃ. Ifn¡mcpsS ISp¯ am\knI kwLÀjs¯¡pdn¨v kqNn¸n¡m³ ]Xns\m¶p hÀjw ap¼v aq¡pXebpw Ip¼nSnbpw Gäpap«nbt¸mgp¬Smb Hcp kw`hw: `mKy\nÀ`mKy§Ä amdnadnª t]mcm«¯n aq¡pXe¡mbncp¶p hnPbw. DtZzK¯nsâ apÄap\bn Gsd t\cw \n¶Xpw HSphn aÕc^ew {]XnIqeambXpw Ip¼nSn Soanse Hcp Ifn¡mc\p Xm§m\mbnÃ. At±lw XfÀ¶phogpIbpw càw OÀZn¡pIbpw sNbvXphs{X! F{Xta am\knI kwLÀjap¬Smbmepw ]InSsb¶p tI«mÂ, Ifn Adnbp¶hÀ¡v Ccn¸pd¡nÃ. IntemaoädpIÄ Xm¬SnbmsW¦nepw AhÀ Ft¯¬Sn S¯v F¯pw (amXr`qan hmcm´¸Xn¸v 28þ9þ2003).
Npcp¡¯nÂ, Imcyt_m[anÃm¯, PohnXe£yanÃm¯ hnUvVnIÄ¡p kabw sImÃm\pÅ Hcp IfnbmWv ]InSIfn. e£yt_m[hpw ImcyhnNmchpw \nXm´ Pm{KXbpw ]peÀ¯m³ _m[yØ\mb Hcp apkvenan\p `qjWaà Cu hnt\mZw. sNÊnt\mSv CXns\ kmZriyam¡mhXÃ; sNÊpw ]InSbpw X½n A´cap¬Sv. AÃmam C_v\plPÀ (d) ]dbp¶p: NXpcwK¯nsâ Ahew_w kq£vaamb IW¡pw icnbmb Nn´bpamWv. AXneqsS icnbmb Nn´mioew D¬Sm¡phm\pw Hcp hn[¯n Bkq{XWw ioen¡phm\pw km[n¡pw. ]InSIfnbpsS Ahew_amIs«, A\pam\hpw Ip¯naXn¸pamWv. AXp hnUvVn¯¯nte¡pw Nn´miq\yXbnte¡pw \bn¡pw. AXpsIm¬Sv sNÊn \n¶v hyXykvXamWv ]InSIfn. sNÊv tkm]m[nIw A\phZ\obhpw ]InS \ncp]m[nIw \njn²hpamWv (Xplv^ 10/216).