Bbp[ ]´bw

]´b aÕc§fn A\phZ\obambhbpw A\phZ\obaÃm¯hbpap¬Sv. [Àakac¯n\v AYhm hnip² bp²¯n\p klmbIamb aÕc§Ä A\phZ\obamsW¶p am{Xaà AXp kp¶¯mb ]pWyIÀaw IqSnbmWv. cmPy¯nsâbpw kaql¯nsâbpw {]Xntcm[¯n\pw c£¡pw AÃmlp A\phZn¨ coXnbn \S¯p¶ bp²w [ÀakacamWv. {]]©¯nepS\ofw kachpw kwL«\hpamWv \S¶psIm¬Sncn¡p¶Xv. ImäpIfpw taL§fpw CSn\mZ§fpw an¶Â]nWcpIfpw aeshŧfpw agshŧfpsaÃmw C{]Imcw kwL«\¯nteÀs¸«n«pÅ {]Xn`mk§fmWv. Cu kwL«\¯n\p hnt[bamIm¯ Hcp AWpt]mepw {]]©¯nenÃ. {]IrXn]chpw `uanIhpamb FÃm {]Xn`mk§fpw Cu kwL«\¯n \n¶mWpÂ`hn¡p¶Xv. cà¯nsâtbm Pe¯nsâtbm Hcp IWnI, Hcp ssat{ImkvtIm¸neqsS ho£n¡p¶psh¦n PohmWp¡fpsS I\¯ tk\Isf kwL«\¯n\pw kac¯n\pw tijw Ah ]ckv]cw hngp§p¶Xmbn ImWmw (A _Avkp Ckveman, hmeyw 39, e¡w 3, t]Pv 36).
Cu kacw \Kv\ ZrjvSnsIm¬Sv hyIvXambn ImWWsa¶m{Klap¬sS­¦n lnw{k¸£nIfpw h\yarK§fpw sIm¬Sp hoÀ¸pap«p¶ tLmch\§fnte¡v H¶v ZrjvSn Xncn¨m aXn. AhnsS B\ sXm«v sIm¨p ]pgp hscbpÅ PohnIÄ \nc´c Btbm[\¯nemWv. BgnbpsS Bg¯nte¡v t\m¡nbm X¯peyamb AkwJyw ssk\y§sf ImWmw. Ah kZm kwL«\hpw kachpw bp²hpw \S¯ns¡m¬Scn¡p¶pþPoh³acW kwL«\ kacbp²§Ä (A lÀ_p Aem lZvbn InXm_n hÊp¶Xn, s{]m. Al½Zv lpssk³, t]Pv: 11).
At¸mÄ PohnIÄ¡nSbnepÅ kwL«\hpw Gäpap«epw {]m]©nI {]IrXnbn s]«XmWv. P\§Ä Nn´m]cambn F{X DbÀ¶mepw, sshÚm\nIambn F{X hfÀ¶mepw, ]cnjvImc§fn F{X ]ptcmKXn {]m]n¨mepw AhcpsS at[y Cu kwL«\w D¬Smbns¡m¬Sncn¡psa¶v ]co£Wm\p`h§Ä sXfnbn¨ncn¡pIbmWv. temIP\kapZmb§fpsS CSbn kw`hn¡p¶ BtKmf bp²§Ä AXn\p hyIvXamb sXfnhmWv (AfvhmD³ Ae lfmdXn Ckveman¿: tUm. AlvaZv kmbnlv, t]Pv: 179).
At¸mÄ kac{]IrXw a\pjya\kpIfn A´Àeo\amWv. kmlNcy§fpw t{]cI§fpw H¯nW§pt¼mÄ AXp _lnÀKa\w \S¯m³ sshIpIbnÃ. _p²nbpw hnthIhpw tbmPn¨p, a\pjysâ kachocyw \nb{´n¡phm\pw AXp \³abpsS hgn¡p Xncn¨phnSm\pamWv aXw {ian¡p¶Xv. A§s\ a\pjysc, \³abpsSbpw ZbbpsSbpw \oXnbpsSbpw kXy¯nsâbpw im´amÀK¯neqsS `àcpw hnimea\kvIcpam¡n¯oÀ¡pIbmWv aX¯nsâ e£yw. ]t£, aXs¯ AwKoIcn¡m¯XpsIm¬tSm, aXaqey§Ä th¬Shn[w DÄs¡mÅm¯XpsIm¬tSm, aX¯n\p PohnX¯nsâ ISnªm¬ ]qÀWambn hn«psImSp¡m¯XpsIm¬tSm Xn³abpsSbpw {IqcXbpsSbpw A{Ia¯nsâbpw AkXy¯nsâbpw hIvXm¡fpw hmlIcpambn amdnb h{I{]IrXcp¬SmIpw. AhÀ F¡me¯pw KWyamb Hcp hn`mKamWv. Ahcn Nnesc D]tZi§Ä sIm¬Sp kwkvIcn¡m³ Igntª¡mw. F¶m ]ecpw D]tZi§Ä sIm¬Sv kwkvIrXcmIm³ Ignbm¯hn[w A{Iahmk\bpÅhcmWv. A{Iaw Hcp [Àaambn kzoIcn¨hcpw ]ct{Zmlw Hcp {]Øm\ambn kzoIcn¨hcpw AhcpsS Iq«¯nep¬Sv. FÃm AXnÀhc¼pIfpw AXnewLn¨p, A[nImc taml¯nsâtbm [\taml¯nsâtbm t]cn aäp kaql§sftbm cmPy§sftbm IS¶m{Ian¡p¶hcpap¬Sv. C¯cw ZpxiIvXnIsf AaÀ¨ sNbvXnsæn aäpÅhcpsS sskzcyPohnXw \jvSs¸Spw, A¯c¡msc cmPy¯n\I¯v AaÀ¨ sN¿p¶Xn\mWv t]meokpw, Hcp hn`mKw ]«mfhpw, tImSXnbpw Pbnepw \nba]meIcpsaÃmw. ]pdw i{Xp¡sf, th¬Snh¶m t\cnSp¶Xn\mWv bp²hpw Phm³amcpsaÃmw. Bbp[hpw kmbp[tk\bpw {]Xntcm[hpsam¶pap¬Smbncp¶nsæn kXy¯nsâbpw \oXnbpsSbpw \³abpsSbpw {]tWXm¡Ä `qapJ¯p \n¶pw \njvImknXcmtbs\. hnip² JpÀB\nsâ {]kvXmh\ hfsc {it²bw: a\pjycn Nnesc aäpNnescs¡m¬Sv AÃmlp XSp¯nÃmbncp¶psh¦n AÃmlpsh [mcmfambn {]IoÀ¯n¡s¸Sp¶ k\ymknaT§fpw {InkvXobmcm[\meb§fpw PqX tZhmeb§fpw apkvenw ]ÅnIfpw XIÀ¡s¸Spambncp¶p. Xs¶ klmbn¡p¶hsc AÃmlp klmbn¡pw; \nÝbw XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlp iIvX\pw AP¿\pamIp¶p (hnip² JpÀB³ 22: 40). Hmtcm icoA¯pw \nehnep¬Smbncp¶ Ime¯v XuloZne[njvTnXambn Bcm[\ \S¯nbncp¶ aT§fpw Bcm[\meb§fpamWv ChnsS AÃmlphnsâ \maw [mcmfambn {]IoÀ¯n¡s¸Sp¶ `h\§Ä sIm¬Sp hnh£ (kz 3: 97). {]Xntcm[¯n\pth¬SnbpÅ [Àakac§Ä ]qÀhkapZmb§fneqsS \ne\n¶ph¶ ImcyamWv (JpÀXzp_n 12/7).
At¸mÄ GsXmcp kapZmb¯nse hyIvXnIÄ AØnXzw A]ISs¸Sp¶ A\nhmcy L«¯n kmthiw XymK¯n\v k¶²cmImXncn¡pIbpw PnlmZnsâ Blzm\w sNhns¡mÅmXncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶pthm B kapZmbw A`nam\hpw biÊpanÃm¯ kapZmbamWv. Ahsc aäp kapZmb§fpw kaql§fpw dm©nsbSp¡m³ H«pw sshIpIbnÃ. iIvXcpw ZpÀ_ecpw Ahsc It¿äw \S¯m³ XmXv]cyw ImWn¡pw. apkvenw cmPy¯nsâ kwc£Ww AhnSs¯ `cWIÀ¯m¡fpsSbpw ]uc³amcpsSbpw _m[yXbmWv. C´ym cmPyw Hcp atXXc cmPyamWv. aäp aX¡mÀ¡pÅXpt]mepÅ FÃm kzmX{´yhpw ChnsS apkvenwIÄ¡pap¬Sv. aXw ]Tn¡m\pw ]Tn¸n¡m\pw AXv BNcn¡phm\pw Bcm[\ \S¯phm\pw aX{]NmcWw \S¯phm\papÅ kzmX{´yw C´y³ `cWLS\ Dd¸p\ÂIp¶p.
aXkzmX{´yamWtÃm PnlmZnsâ e£yw. hnip² JpÀB\nsâ {]kvXmh\ {i²n¡pI:
`qanbn \mw kzm[o\w \ÂInbm \nkvImcw apdt]mse \S¯pIbpw kIm¯p sImSp¯pho«pIbpw \³a IÂ]n¡pIbpw No¯ \ntcm[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hcmWhÀ; Imcy§fpsS ]cyhkm\w AÃmlphn\pÅXmIp¶p (hnip² JpÀB³ 22/41). \mw \yq\]£amsW¦nepw, \½psS AhImi§fpw aXkzmX{´yhpw A\phZn¨pXcp¶ Hcp `cWLS\bpsS ioXfÑmbbn Hcp kzX{´cmPy¯v kzX{´ ]uccmbmWv \mw Pohn¡p¶Xv. AXpsIm¬Sv Cu cmPy¯nsâ `{ZX¡v th¬Sn bXv\n¡phm\pw, AIw i{Xp¡fn \n¶pw ]pdw i{Xp¡fn \n¶pw cmPys¯ c£n¡phm\pw \mw _m[yØcmWv. AXmWv C´y³ apkvenwIfpsS PnlmZv.
Hmtcm hyànbpw kz´s¯bpw IpSpw_s¯bpw kaqls¯bpw c£n¡phm³ _m[yØ\mWv. Btbm[\¯n\p Bbp[hpw hml\hpw thWw. Ah D]tbmKn¡m³ ]cnioe\w t\SWw. ]cnioe\¯nsâ Hcp amÀKamWv ]´baÕc§Ä. AXpsIm¬Sv, bp²¯n\v klmbIamb hml\§fpw Bbp[§fpap]tbmKn¨pÅ aÕc§Ä Ckvemw A\phZn¨n«p¬Sv. am{XaÃ, AXp kp¶¯mb Hcp ]pWyIÀaw IqSnbmWv. ChnsS hnt\mZw Imcy¯n\p th¬SnbmWv. \_n (kz) ]dbp¶p:
hnt\mZw aq¶v Imcy§fnemWv. \nsâ IpXnc¡v ]cnioe\w \ÂIpI, \nsâ hnsÃSp¯v Akv{Xsabv¯v \S¯pI, \nsâ kl[À½nWnbpambn kÃ]n¡pI. Cu aq¶v Imcy§fn (\kmC, I^v^pdBAv 151).
ae¡pIfpsS km¶n[yapÅ hnt\mZ§Ä aqs¶®w am{XamWv. ]pcpj³ Xsâ `mcytbmsSm¸w hnt\mZn¡pI, IpXnctbm«aÕcw \S¯pI, As¼bv¯paÕcw \S¯pI (lmInw, I^v^v 151).
bp²¯n\p klmbIamb GsXmcp arKhpw Bbp[hpw D]tbmKn¨psIm¬SpÅ aÕc§Ä A\phZ\obamWv. AXp k½m\¡cmtdmsS ]´bkz`mh¯nemsW¦nepw icn. IpXnc, H«Iw, IgpX, tImhÀIgpX F¶nhsbÃmw aÕcw A\phZn¡s¸«n«pÅ hml\arK§fmWv. Chsb D]tbmKn¨v Hm«aÕcw \S¯mhp¶XmWv. Akv{Xw, Ip´w, Nm«pfn, ine, shSnbp¬S BZnbmbh aÕcw A\phZn¡s¸«n«pÅ bp²mbp[§fmWv. Ch D]tbmKn¨p \nÝnX D¶¯nte¡p Fbv¯p aÕcw \S¯mhp¶XmWv. Xplv^, \nlmb, apKv\n, duf, iÀlp apl±_v XpS§nb ^nJvlv {KÙ§Ä apkm_J AYhm ]´b aÕc§Ä F¶ A[ymb¯n C¡mcyw khnkvXcw {]Xn]mZn¨n«p¬Sv.
bp²mbp[§fpw bp²hml\§fpw D]tbmKn¨psIm¬SpÅ aÕc§Ä \nbam\pkrXamIp¶Xn\p s]mXphmbn Ggp D]m[nIfpw Bbp[aÕc¯n\p {]tXyIambn A©p D]m[nIfpap¬Sv. aÕc¡cmÀ bpt²m]IcW¯n³taemIpI, aÕc¯n ]s¦Sp¡p¶hscÃmw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv Hcn\w D]IcWamhpI, aÕcØe¯nsâ XpS¡w, Ahkm\w, Ahbv¡nSbnepÅ AIew F¶nh AdnbpI, aÕcmÀYnIÄs¡Ãmw XpS¡mhkm\ t]mbnâpIÄ Xpeyambncn¡pI, hml\§Ä, Ahbn Ibdp¶hÀ, Akv{Xsabv¯pImÀ F¶nhsc \nÀWbn¡pI, Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw hnPbkm[yXbp¬Smbncn¡pI, {]Xn^ew ImteIq«n Adnbn¡pI F¶nhbmWv s]mXphmb D]m[nIÄ. XpSt§¬SXv Bcv F¶p \nÝbn¡pI, Fbv¯nsâ F®w \nÀWbn¡pI, F{X F®w D¶w {]m]n¡Wsa¶v Xocpam\n¡pI, D¶¯nsâ Afhv hyIvXam¡pI, AXp \ne¯p\n¶v F{X s]m¡¯nemsW¶v hyIvXam¡pI F¶nhbmWv Bbp[ aÕc¯n\p {]tXyIambpÅ D]m[nIÄ (iÀlp a³lPv, Pa 5/281).
k½m\klnXapÅ ]´banS]mSv km[phmIWsa¦n AXp NqXm«kz`mh¯nemIcpsX¶ D]m[n IqSnbp¬Sv. aÕcmÀYnIfÃm¯ aämsc¦nepamWv CS]mSn k½m\w Hm^À sN¿p¶sX¦n AhnsS NqXm« kz`mhanÃ. ]´bw km[phmWv. \n§Ä c¬Spt]cpw aÕcw \S¯pI, hnPbn¡p¶hÀ¡v Rm³ Hcp e£w cq] k½m\w \ÂIpw F¶v HcmÄ ]dbp¶psh¦nÂ, apIfn ]dªt]mse AXv icnbmb aÕcbnS]mSmWv. aÕcmÀYnIfn HcmÄ am{Xw k½m\w Hm^À sNbvXmepw A\phZ\obamWv; ]´bw km[phmWv. DZmlcWambn \o Fs¶ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯nbm Rm³ \n\¡v ]Xn\mbncw cq] Xcmw; Rm³ \ns¶ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯nbm \o H¶pw Xtc­Xnà F¶v Bsc¦nepsamcmÄ ]dsª¶ncn¡s«, F¦n AXp \nbam\pkrXhpw A\phZ\obhpamWv. ImcWw, AhnsS NqXm«anÃ. Ccphcpw ]Wwsh¨p aÕcn¡p¶psh¦n AXv Akm[phmWv, ldmamWv. At¸mÄ \o Fs¶ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯nbm \n\¡p Rm³ Hcp e£w cq] Xcpw; Rm³ \ns¶ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯nbm \o F\n¡v Hcp e£w cq] XcWw F¶p ]dbp¶psh¦n AhnsS NqXm« kz`mhw h¶XpsIm¬Sv ]´banS]mSv Akm[phpw \njn²hpamWv. Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw Htc kabw t\«¯n\pw \jvS¯n\pw km[yXbp¬SmIpt¼mgmWv NqXm«kz`mhap¬SmIp¶Xv.
F¶m aÕcmÀYnIfn HcmÄ ]Ww shbv¡msX aÕc¯n ]s¦Sp¡p¶psh¦n aäpÅhÀ ]Ww sh¨psIm¬Sv ]´bw \S¯p¶Xn\v hntcm[anÃ. DZmlcW¯n\v aq¶pt]À ]´b¯nteÀs¸Sp¶psh¶v k¦Â]n¡pI. Ahcn c¬Spt]À ]Xn\mbncw cq] hoXw Hm^À sN¿p¶p. aq¶ma³ ]dbp¶p: \n§sf Rm³ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯nbm c­p kwJybpw (Ccp]Xn\mbncw) F\n¡p XcWw, \n§sfs¶ ]cmPbs¸Sp¯nbm Rms\m¶pw XcnÃ. ChnsS hnPbn¡p¶h\mWv kwJy. aq¶ma³ Ahcncphscbpw ]cmPbs¸Sp¯nbm apgpkwJybpw Ah\pIn«n. aq¶mas\ ]n¶nem¡ns¡m¬Sv Ahcncphcpw H¶nt¨m Asæn Bcpw ]cmPnXcmImsX aqhcpw H¶nt¨m Htc kabw Htc t]mbnânse¯p¶psh¦n BÀ¡pw H¶pw e`n¡pIbnÃ. CcphcnsemcmÄ am{XamWv Pbn¡p¶sX¦n c¬Smasâ kwJy Ah\pIn«pw. aq¶ma\p H¶pap¬Smbncn¡nÃ. Ccphcnsemcmfpw aq¶ma\pw IqSn H¶n¨p hnPbn¨m ]cmPnXsâ ]Xn\mbncw tPXm¡fncphcpw ]¦nSpw (iÀlp a³lPv, lminbXp Pa 5/283 t\m¡pI).
At¸mÄ ]´bw aq¶p hn[ap¬Sv. H¶v, kwJy A\y³ h¨psIm¬Sv \S¯p¶Xv. AXp BcpamImw. c¬Sv, aÕcmÀYnIÄ Ccphcpw kwJy h¨psIm¬Sv \S¯p¶Xv. aq¶v, aÕcmÀYnIfn HcmÄ h¨psIm¬Sv \S¯p¶Xv. H¶mat¯Xv A\phZ\obamWv. ChnsS kwJy apgph³, Gähpw ap³]´nbnse¯n hnPbn¡p¶h\p am{Xtam Ah\v sXm«Sp¯v hcp¶ ^Ìv, sk¡âv, tXUv F¶nhsc¡qSn DÄs¸Sp¯n kwJy AhtcmlW{Ia¯n Ipd¨psIm¬Sv aÕcmÀYnIfn Hcp kwL¯nt\m Hm^À sN¿mhp¶XmWv. F¶m hyXykvX t]mbnânse tPXm¡Ä¡v, DZmlcW¯n\v ^Ìn\pw sk¡ân\pw Xpeyk½m\w Hm^À sNbvXm ]´banS]mSv Akm[phmIpw. AhnsS hnPb¯n\pÅ {]tNmZ\w \jvSs¸Spw. AXmWv ImcWw. aÕcmÀYnIÄs¡Ãmw Xpeyk½m\w Hm^À sNbvXXpaqew aÕc¯nsâ ssNX\yw \jvSs¸«XpsIm¬Sv Akm[phmIpw. AhnsS A[zm\n¨v hnPbn¡p¶Xn\v {]tNmZ\w \jvSs¸«psh¶XmWv ssNX\y\jvS¯n\p ImcWw. F¶m hnPbt]mbnâpIfpsS AhtcmlW¯n\\pkcn¨v AhtcmlW{Ia¯nemWv FÃmhÀ¡pw k½m\w hmKvZ¯w sNbvXsX¦n AXv A\phZ\obhpw \nbam\pkrXhpamWv. DZmlcWambn HcmÄ aÕc¯n ]s¦Sp¡p¶ ]¯pt]À¡pw IqSn A¼¯nb©v ]h³ {]Jym]n¨p. H¶ma\v ]¯pw c¬Sma\v H¼Xpw aq¶ma\v F«pw Cu {Ia¯n ]¯ma\v H¶pw. ChnsS Hmtcmcp¯cpw IqSpX ap¶nse¯m³ ]camh[n {ian¡p¶Xn\v Cu k½m\w {]tNmZ\amIpw.
aÕcmÀYnIÄ Hmtcmcp¯cpw kwJy sh¨psIm¬SpÅ ]´bamWtÃm c¬Smat¯Xv. CXv apIfn ]dªXpt]mse ldmamb NqXm«amWv. aÕcmÀYnIfn HcmÄ am{Xw kwJy sh¨psIm¬SpÅ ]´bw A\phZ\obamWv. ChnsS A]c³ ]Ww sh¡m¯XpsIm¬Sv NqXm«w D¬SmIp¶nÃ. A§s\ c¬Smw cq]¯nepw aÕcmÀYnIfnemsc¦nepw ]Ww sh¡msX aÕcw \S¯p¶psh¦n A\phZ\obamIpw. AXp \qdpt]cn Hcmfmbncp¶mepw aXn. aÕcw c¬Sp hyànIÄ¡nSbntem {Kq¸pIÄ¡nSbntem \S¯mhp¶XmWv. {Kq¸pIÄ¡nSbn \S¯pt¼mÄ Hmtcm {Kq¸pw hyànbpsS Øm\¯mWv. At¸mÄ c¬Sp {Kq¸pw ]Ww sh¨m asämcp {Kqt¸m hyàntbm AhtcmSv ]Ww sh¡msX aÕcns¨¦n am{Xta ]´banS]mSv \nbahnt[bhpw A\phZ\obamhpIbpÅq (Camw amhÀZn, AÂlmhn 15/180þ251, Camw \hhn, duf 1849þ1866 t\m¡pI).