Ckvemanse in£m \nba§fpsS
BXy´nI e£yw kam[m\ kwØm]\amWv. ssI¡cp¯pw sabv¡cp¯pw ZpÀtamlhpw A[a
hnImchpw AXncpIS¶pmbn¯ocp¶ AcpXmbvaIÄs¡Xnsc ^e{]Zhpw {]m tbmKnIhpamb
\S]Sn{Ia§fmWnkvemw \nÀtZin¡p¶Xv. IpähmfnIÄ krjvSn¡s¸« tijw AhÀ in£n¡s¸SpI
F¶XÃ AXnsâ XmÂ]cyw. adn¨v IpähmfnIÄ CÃmXmbn¯ocWsa¶mWXnsâ e£yw. Hcp
Ipä¯n\v e`n¡p¶ in£bpsS emfnXyhpw Kuchhpaà {][m\w. kaIme kaql¯n A]am\nX\mhp¶
kmlNcyw Bßm`nam\nIÄ¡v F§s\bmWv kln¡m\mhpI.
kZmNmc ZpcmNmc
t_m[t¯msSbpw A¨S¡t¯msSbpw Pohn¡pI hgn {]]© {Ia¯nsâ kpXmcyX¡v klmbhpw
klPohnIÄ¡v {]tbmP\hpw Bß kpc£bpw A`nam\ kwc£Whpw Dd¸v hcp¯m³ hnizmkn
ISs¸«h\mWv.
Ckvemansâ \nba \nÀtZi§fpw
hn[nhne¡pIfpw AwKoIcn¡p¶hcpw A\phÀ¯n¡p¶hcpamb ¢n]vX kaqlambn cq]s¸«v
\n¡p¶hcn Dm bn¯ocm\nSbpÅ Akzmcky§sfbpw AcpXmbvaIsfbpw CÃmbva sN¿p¶Xn\pÅ
Ahkcs¯ B kaqlw kzbw Bhiys¸Sp¶XmWv. ]p¯³ \mKcnI {Ia¯nepw in£mhn[nIfpw
A¨S¡ \S]SnIfpw bp² \nba§fpw {]Xntcm[ \S]SnIfpw k¶ml§fpw \ap¡v
ImWmatÃm. a\pjy\nÀanXamb `uXnI \nba§fn kmlNcy]camb NSpeXIÄ
am{Xambncn¡pw ]cnKWn¡s¸«ncn¡pI. AXn\m AXn CS¡nsS t`ZKXnIfpmbn¯ocp¶p.
CkvemanI \nba§Ä apgph³ \mKcnI¯pSn¸pIfpw krjvSnt¨¡mhp¶ GXv hn[¯nepÅ
a\pjyþ{]IrXnþtZi
hncp²XIsfbpw t\cs¯ Xs¶ e£yw sh¨ncn¡pIbmWv. AXphgn k¼qÀWamb
kwkvIcWhpw kwc£Whpw BWv Ckvemw XmÂ]cys¸Sp¶Xv.
CuZrihyXncnàIsf
IrXyambn ]cnKWn¨psImv Imcy§sf \nco£n¡p¶Xn\v ]Icw kzbw ta\n \Sn¡ensâ
coXnimkv{XamWv NneÀ kzoIcn¡p¶Xv. Ckvemanse A¨S¡ in£mþin£Wþbp²
\nba§sf sXän²cn¸n¡m\pw AXpt]mse Ckvemanse \nba \nÀtZi§fpsS \S¸m¡en\pÅ
ASnØm\ D]m[nIÄ hnkvacn¨v D]cn¹hamb ImcW§Ä hnebncp¯m\pamWv NneÀ¡v
XmÂ]cyw. A¯c¡mcmWv ØeIme t_m[anÃmsX bp²\nÀtZiapÅ JpÀB\nI hN\§fpw {]hmNI
hN\§fpw D²cn¨v AWnIsf kÖoIcn¡p¶Xv.
ZpÀhymJym\w
CkvemanI \nba
imkv{Xw bp² \nba§fhXcn¸n¡p¶pv, Ncn{Xw, bp²IYIÄ hnhcn¡p¶papv,
t]mcmfnIÄ¡v D¶Xamb {]Xn^eapv F¶nXymZn ASnØm\ kXy§Ä {Iqcambn
ZpÀhymJym\w sN¿s¸Sp¶pn¶v. bYmÀY \nba imkv{X]chpw Ncn{X]chpamb
AÚXbmWnXn\v Hcp ImcWw. F¶m ASnØm\ ImcWw CkvemanI ]mT§sf¡pdn¨v
sam¯ambpÅ hnIe hnhcamWv. CkvemanI hnÚm\§Ä¡v Ahew_nt¡ AXnsâ bYmÀY
t{kmXÊpIÄ¡p ]Icw Nne Ip{]NmcW§sfbpw hnIeamb AhXcW§sfbpw Ahew_n¨v
A_²¯n s]Sp¯n F¶XmWv hmkvXhw.
IqSn¡gnbp¶ Hcp
kaql¯nse hnlzeXIÄ¡v kmaqly{Iaw XIcm¯ kwhn[m\§fneqsSbmWv ]cnlmcapmtIXv.
`{Zhpw IrXyhpamb Hcp ]cn[n¡pÅn B`y´c kpc£ kpZrVamImsX \S¡p¶ GsXmcp
t]mcm«hpw hnPbaà t\Sn¯cnI F¶Xv hyàamWv. AXn\m Xs¶ i{Xphpw an{Xhpw
thdn«v ImWs¸Sp¶ kmlNcy¯neÃmsX Hcp bp² \nÀtZiw kzbw \miambncn¡pw.
A§s\bpÅ Hcp A]Iz
kao]\¯n\v Ckvemw \nÀtZin¡p¶p F¶v ]dbp¶Xv X¶njvS¯n\v Ckvemans\
D]m[nbm¡emWv. Hcp hnizmkn¡pw CXv tNÀ¶Xà Ckveman \nba {]m_eyapÅ bp²w
"^o k_oenÃmln' am{XamWv. A§s\bmhm³ AXntâXmb aq¶p]m[nIÄ ]qÀWambpw
H¯phtcXmWv.
tIcf¯ntem
C´ybntem C¶s¯ kmlNcy¯n bp²w Hc\nhmcy IÀaambn hnizmknsb _m[n¡p¶nà F¶XmWv
ØnXn. AXn\m Xs¶ JpÀB\nI kqà§fpw \_nhN\§fpw AXnsâ _mlyamb AÀYXe¯nÂ
am{Xw HXp¡n D¶bn¡p¶Xpw a\Ênem¡p¶Xpw icnbmb coXnbÃ. JpÀB\nsebpw
lZoknsebpw GsXmcp \nÀtZi§Ä¡pw AXv \S¸m¡p¶Xn\v Hcp coXnimkv{Xapmhpw.
AXnsâ ASnØm\¯n am{Xta Ahsb kao]n¡mhq. ]qÀhkqcnIfpw hnÚm\
hnPnKojp¡fpamb alm·mÀ \ap¡mbn \ÂInb {]mtbmKnI ]mT§Ä kzoIcn¡emWv \ap¡v
IcWobw.
hnizmknsb
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw ^eiq\yamb HtcÀ¸mSpw sN¿p¶XneÀYanÃ. KpW]camb {]Xn^e\§fpÅXnÂ
am{Xta hnizmkn Ahsâ k¼¯pw icochpw BtcmKyhpw hn\ntbmKn¡mhq. ImcWw
AhsbÃmw F§s\ hn\ntbmKn¨p F¶Xns\¡pdn¨v hnNmcW t\cntSh\msW¶ hnizmkw
Xsâ BZÀi¯nsâ `mKamWv. F¦n ]ns¶ \mitlXpIambXn CSs]Sp¶Xv F´pam{Xw
hnUvVn¯amWv? Ckvemanse bp²§Ä \S¶Xv hnPb kp\nÝnXXzw DmbXn\p tijamsW¶XmWv
hkvXpX. a¡bn bp²m\paXnbpmbncp¶nÃ
F¶v \ap¡dnbmw. ImcWw ]eXmWv.
kmlNcy¯nsâ {]XnIqe `mhambncp¶p {][m\w. {]XnIqeamb kmlNcyw F¶meÀYw \S]Sn{Ia¯n\v
{]XnkÔnbps¶mWv. A¯cw {]XnkÔnIÄ Ahkm\n¨ tijamWv \_n(kz) X§Ä bp²w \bn¡pItbm
ssk\nI \o¡w \S¯pItbm sNbvXXv.
\mi¯n\p ImcWamhp¶
F´pw hnizmknbn \n¶pmhp¶Xv hnip² Ckvemw hne¡p¶pv. hnip² JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p:"\n§Ä \mi¯nte¡v \n§fpsS
Ic§Ä CScpXv' (Bibw: A _Jd: 195).
\mi¯n\v \nan¯amhp¶
{Inbbpw \njv{InbXzhpw kao]\hpsaÃmw CXnsâ ]cn[nbn hcpsa¶mWv JpÀB³
hymJymXm¡Ä ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. NmthÀ kw_Ônbmb NÀ¨bn CXv hnhcn¨n«pv. \miw
F¶ {]tbmKw hfsc AÀYKÀ`ambXmWv. càkm£nXzw Hcp D¶Xamb ]ZhnbmsW¶ncns¡ \misa¶
{]tbmK¯n\ÀYw Cu ]hn{X ]Zhnbn \n¶pw amÀK{`wiw kw`hn¨ AhØ hcm\pÅ
km[yXbps¶v IqSnbmWv. kzbw IrXm\ÀYambn h¶p `hn¡p¶ \mi\jvS§Ä
XymK¯nsâbpw kaÀ¸W¯nsâbpw `mKambn hnebncp¯s¸Sp¶XÃ.
kaql¯nsâbpw
cmjv{S¯nsâbpw kp`{ZX¡pw kXy{]Øm\¯nsâ {]Xy£X¡pw {]Imi\¯n\pw Bhiyamb
Imcy§Ä \nÀhln¡p¶Xnsâ _m[yX Bt]£nIamb hniZoIcW¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nepÅXmWv.
tIheamb sshImcnI {]t£m`¯nsâ krjvSnbmbà AXpcp¯ncntbXv. AXn\m Xs¶
CkvemanI kaql¯nsâ kmaqly _m[yXIÄ¡v \nÀhlW kmlNcyw H¯nWt§XXymhiyamWv.
Hcp Jeo^bpsStbm
Camansâtbm t\XrXz¯n Pzen¨v \n¡p¶ Hcp CkvemanI cmjv{Sw AXnsâ
kmaqlnIhpw kmwkvImcnIhpamb ZuXyw \nÀhln¡m³ _m[yØamWv. Hcp P\m[n]Xy
cmjv{S kwhn[m\¯n \n¶pw D¶Xambn a\pjycpsSbpw {]]©¯nsâbpw k¼qÀWamb
kpØnXnbpw kpc£bpw tam£hpw ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbpÅ coXnbmWnkvemanI
tÌän\pmhpI. cmjv{S¯nsâbpw cmjv{S¯nse P\§fpsSbpw kpc£¡v `ojWnbmhp¶
{]Xntema {]hWXIsfbpw AbÂcmPy§fn \n¶pw Dmtb¡mhp¶ `ojWnsbbpw Hcp
cmjv{S¯n\pw Insöv \Sn¡m\mhnÃ. {]Xntcm[¯n\mbn hfsc henb k¶ml§Ä FÃm
cmPy§fpw kÖoIcn¡mdpv. Ckvemanse bp² \nba \nÀtZi§Ä C§s\tb
\nco£nt¡XpÅq.
\oXn \ntj[n¡s¸«hcpw
Nn´m kzmX{´yanÃm¯hcpamb ]oUnX P\Xsb Ahc\p`hn¡p¶ IjvSXIfn \n¶pw
tamNn¸n¡p¶Xn\mbn ]S\o¡w \S¯p¶Xn\v ]p ¯³ kmaqly {Ia¯n t]mepw
AwKoImcapÅXmWv. CkvemanI Jnem^¯nsâ BZy\mfpIfn \S¶ t]Àjy³ tdma³ {]tZi§fnte¡pÅ
ssk\nI \o¡w Cu KW¯nepÄs¸«XmWv. tdmapw t]Àjybpw Hcp P\Xsb GXv
hn[¯nemWv ]o Un¸n¨ncp¶Xpw NqjWw sNbvXncp¶Xpw F¶v Ncn{Xw \ap¡v hnhcn¨p
Xcp¶pv. AXns\Xnsc AhnS§fnse km{am«p¡tfmSpw AhcpsS knÂ_ÔnItfmSpamWv
apkvenwIÄ bp²w sNbvXXv. A§s\ Ckvemansâ {]thi\apmb \mSpIfnseÃmw
kam[m\hpw im´nbpw ]peÀ¶Xv Ncn{X kXyamWv. ln½kzv \nhmknIfpsS A`n{]mb
{]IS\hpw Xocpam\hpw CXn\pZmlcWamWv. JmenZp_v\p heoZv(d)hnsâ Ime¯v
ln½kzn hnPbapmbn, Hcp {]hniybn CkvemanI `cWw \nehn h¶p.
AhnsSbpmbncp¶ {InkvXpaX hnizmknIÄ `cWIqS¯n\v IosgmXp§n Pohn¡m³
Xocpam\n¨p. AhÀ I¸w \ÂIm³ X¿mdmbn. A§s\bncns¡ tdma³ N{IhÀ¯nbpsS henb
ssk\nI k¶mlw B{IaW kÖcmbn At§m«v hcps¶¶dnªp. A{]Xntcm[yambncn¡pasX¶v
a\Ênembt¸mÄ apkvenw `cWIqSw AhnSw hnSp¶Xn\mbn Xocpam\n¨p. Xt±iobcmb
{InkvXym\nIsf hnfn¨v \nÊlmbXbdnbn¨psImv I¸w Xncn¨p \ÂImsa¶v ]dªp.
]t£, Ahct¸mÄ {]XnIcn¨Xn§s\bmbncp¶p.
"G t\Xmth, Cu Ipdª
Znhk§Ä sImv Xs¶ \n§fpsS \oXnbpw KpWhpw R§f\p`hn¨dnªncn¡p¶p. ap¼v
R§Ä tdmansâ A{Iahpw A\oXnbpw A\p`hn¨n«papv. AXn\m \n§fpsS \oXnbpw
KpWhpamWv, tdmansâ A{Iat¯¡mfpw A\oXnsb¡mfpw R§Ä¡njvSw. BIbm {]XnkÔnbnÂ
]XdmsX kl\w ssIs¡mÅWsa¶pw i{Xp¡tfmSv t]mcmSWsa¶pamWv R§Ä¡mhiys¸Sm\pÅXv.
R§fpsS FÃm iànbpw kw`cn¨v \n§tfmsSm¸w ]Ss]m cpXm³ R§Ä X¿mdmWv.
Pohn¡m³ km[n¨m \aps¡Ãmw Ckvemansâ \oXnbpsS XWen Pohn¡mw. Asæn \ap¡v
\½psS \mYs\ A`napJoIcn¡mw ([oc acWw hcn¡mw). A§s\ AhÀ
apkvenwItfmsSm¸w kz´w aXhnizmknIfmb ss{IkvXh tdmans\Xnsc
t]mcmSpIbpmbn' (J_kmXp³ an³ lbmXnÀdkq (kz), t]Pv: 147).
Ckvemansâ
kuµcyhpw kuc`yhpw A\p`hn¡m\hkcw \ntj[n¡s¸«hÀ¡v AsX¯p¶Xn\pÅ XSÊw
\o§nbt¸mÄ AXnt\mSpmb B`napJyamWnXn ImWp¶Xv. Ckvemw kzoIcn¨mepw
Csænepw `uXnIamb PohnX kpØnXnbpsS ASnØm\ kmlNcy§Ä
kwc£n¡s¸Spsa¶XmWnXv hyàam¡p¶Xv. kz´w aXm\pbmbnIfmsW¦nepw A[nImcnIsf¶
\nebn \S¯nbncp¶ A\ymb§fpw AXn{Ia§fpw A\p`hn¡m³ am{Xw hn[n¡s¸«hÀ Hcp
Xcw hnt[bs¸Sen\v ]m Is¸«hcmbncp¶p. AXn \n¶pw `n¶ambn kzX{´hpw
kpµchpamb Hc´co£w ]pdw temI¯ps¶dnbp¶Xn\pÅ AhImiamWv `cWIqS§Ä AhÀ¡v
\ntj[n¨ncp¶Xv. tdmapw t]Àjybpw Cu hnjb¯n Xpeyambncp¶p F¶XmWv
Ncn{Xw. AXpsImmWv AhnS§fnseÃmw CkvemanIamb hnPb§Ä thK¯n km[n¨Xv.
AhnS§fn \ne\n¶
`cWIqS§fpsSbpw km{am«p¡fpsSbpw ap¶n [ocambn IS¶psN¶v Ckvemansâ
ktµiw tIĸn¡m\pÅ BÀÖhw t\Snb Bßm`nam\nIsf Ckvemw krjvSn¨n«pmbncp¶p.
tdmam³ km{am«v sldm¢nbknsâ ap¶n [ocambn XIv_odpw CkvemanI ktµihpw
Dcphn« lnimap_v\p Bkzn(d)bpw dpkvXpansâ ap¶n CkvemanI ktµiw
kss[cyw DÂtLmjn¨ dn_vC¿v _v\p BanÀ(d)bpw B {]tZi§fnse
ASn¨aÀ¯s¸«hcn {]Xo£ hfÀ¯nbn«pmbncp¶p. CkvemanI `cWw t\cn«\p`hn¡m³
IqSn Ahkcapmbt¸mÄ AhÀ¡Xv hfsc lrZyambn¯oÀ¶p. \nÀ_ÔnXamb
aX]cnhÀ¯\¯n\mbncp¶nà B ]Stbm«§sf¶Xn\v Hmtcm Ncn{X aplqÀ¯§fpw
km£nbmWv. adn¨v AhsbÃmw hnip² JpÀBsâ \nÀtZiamb ASn¨aÀ¯s¸«hcpsS
tamN\¯n\v thnbpÅXpw hnPb {]Xo£bpÅXpamb bp²§fmbncp¶p. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p:
"\n§Äs¡´p ]än?
AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯nepw ZpÀ_ecmb kv{Xo ]pcpj·mscbpw Ip«nIsfbpw c£s¸Sp¯p¶
hgnbnepw \n§Ä bp²w sN¿p¶nÃtÃm. AhÀ(ZpÀ_eÀ) C§s\ ]dbp¶hcmWv' "R§fpsS
\mYm, A{IanIfmb BfpIfpÅ Cu \m«n \n¶pw \o R§sf c£s¸Spt¯Wta. \nsâ
ASp¯v \n¶pw R§sf kwc£n¡p¶hs\ \nÝbnt¡Wta, \nsâ `mK¯v \n¶pw R§Ä¡v \o
klmbnsb \nÝbnt¡Wta' (Bibw: A¶nkmAv: 75).
Cu Bb¯nsâ AhXcWw
t\cn«v ]cmaÀin¡p¶Xv ]emb\¯n\v km[n¡msX a¡bn Ignbp¶hscbmWv. F¶mÂ
A{IanIfpsS XSÊw \nan¯w sskzcPohnXhpw hyhlmchpw \ntj[n¡s¸«
kzmX{´y¯nsâ ]p\xØm]\am{Kln¡p¶hscÃmw CXnsâ ]cn[nbn hcp¶XmWv.
ASn¨aÀ¯s¸« GsXmcp P\XbpsSbpw {]Yaamb tamlw tamN\ambncn¡pw. B
tamN\¯n\v D]bpàamb \S]Sn{Ia§Ä \S¶pImWp¶Xn\mbn {]mÀYn¡pI F¶Xv
kzm`mhnIamWv. temI¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK§fn C¯cw ZpcnX]q ÀWamb AhØbnÂ
AIs¸«hÀ¡mbn D]m[nIsfm¯ ssk\nI \o¡§Ä Cu Bb¯neqsS Bhiys¸SpIbmWv. AXn\v
]t£, bp²w F¶ k¦oÀWXsb kao]n t¡Xn\v ASnØm\]camb FÃm kmlNcy§fpw
H¯nW§nbncn¡Ww. CkvemanI Ncn{X¯nse bp²§sfÃmw A§s\ am{Xta \S¶n«pÅq.
CkvemanI kaql¯nsâ
Ncn{X¯nse bp²§fpw ]S\o¡§fpw, kmlNcy]camb A\nhmcyXsb CkvemanI
\nba§fpsS ASnØm\¯n kao]n¨Xnsâ ^eamsW¶v Npcp¡w. AXn{Iatam [ocXm
{]IS\tam Bbncp¶nà AhcpsS e£yw. AXn\memWv ssk\nI Xeh·mÀ¡v Jeo^amÀ
IWniamb \nÀtZi§Ä \ÂInbXv. bp²apJs¯¯n cWhocyw {]ISn¸n¨hÀs¡Xnsc am{Xta
bp²apÅq. adn¨v hoSpIfn Ignbp¶ Ip«nIÄ, kv{XoIÄ, hr²·mÀ, aT§fnepw
B{ia§fnepw Ignbp¶ k\ymknamÀ, arK§Ä, hr£§Ä, IrjnIÄ H¶pw
\in¸n¡s¸SpItbm aÀ±n¡s¸SpItbm sN¿cpsX¶ \nÀtZiw IWniambncp¶p. ]cnjvIrX
bpK¯n\p t]mepw AÚmXamb At\Iw s]cpamä N«§Ä Cu cwK¯v Ckveman\pv.
CkvemanI
IÀaimkv{X {KÙ§fnepw JpÀB³ hymJym\§fnepw lZokv hnhcW§fnepw Ah
hyàam¡s¸«n«pÅXmWv. CkvemanI Ncn{X¯nse bp²¯n \n¶pw AXv hmbns¨Sp¡m³
km[n¡p¶XpamWv. bp²tamlhpw k¶mlhpambn kao]s¯¯nb i{Xpssk\ys¯
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw AhÀ bp²apJ¯mWv. B{IaWw Ahkm\n¸n¡m\pw kam[m\w ]pecm\pambn
AhnsS {]Xym{IaWw Bhiyambn hcp¶pv. F¶m kmhImiw e`n¡p¶ bp²¯n Ah[m\XtbmsS
Imcy§Ä \o¡p¶Xn\v IWniamb \nÀtZi§Ä \ÂInbncp¶Xmbn ImWmw. bp²apJs¯¯n ]ckyambn
i{XpX {]ISn¸n¡m¯hÀs¡Xnsc bmsXmcm{IaWhpw AcpsX¶v hfsc hyàambn¯s¶ \nÀtZin¡s¸«ncp¶p.
Hcp B{Iansb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Ah³ \new ]cnimhp¶tXmsS Ahsâ `mK¯v \n¶pÅ
B{IaWw Ahkm\n¨p. AXn\m arXicocw hnIrXam¡p¶Xpw AwKhntOZw \S¯p¶Xpw
IÀi\ambn hne¡nbn«pm bncp¶p.
bp²¯n ]s¦Sp¡m¯hÀ
B{Ian¡s¸ScpsX¶v \nÀtZiw \ÂInbncp¶p. \_n(kz) X§Ä Dkmam(d)hnsâ t\XrXz¯nepÅ
ssk\ys¯ bm{Xbm¡ns¡mn§s\ ]dªp:
"\n§Ä AÃmlphnsâ
\ma¯n Ahs\s¡mpw Ahsâ dkqensâ aX¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nepw t]mhpI. \n§Ä
htbmhr²scbpw sNdnb Ip«nIsfbpw kv{XoIsfbpw h[n¡cpXv. \n§Ä kacmÀPnX
kz¯v A]lcn¡cpXv. AXv \n§Ä Hcpan¨v kw`cn¡Ww. \n§Ä \ÃXv {]hÀ¯n¡pI.
KpWw {]hÀ¯n¡pI. \nÝbw AÃmlp KpWw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hsc CjvSs¸Sp¶h\mWv' (I³kpÂ
D½mÂ: 11013).
Jeo^amcpw
tk\m\mbItcmSv hfsc IWniXtbmsS Xs¶ C¯cw \nÀtZi§Ä \ÂInbncp¶p. A{Iaw
AaÀ¨ sN¿pI F¶XÃmsX B{IaWw \S¯pI F¶Xmbncp¶nà CkvemanI kaql¯nsâ
e£ysa¶Xv hyàamWv. \ioIcWw Hcn¡epw CkvemanIamb t]mcm«§fpsS
e£yambncp¶nà F¶Xn\v AhbpsS hniIe\w \s½ klmbn¡p¶XmWv. \_n(kz) X§fpsS
aZo\m PohnX Ime¯v am{Xw F¼tXmfw ssk\nI {]t_m[I \o¡§fpmbn«pv. AXnÂ
H¼Xn am{XamWv bp²w cq]s¸SpIbpmbXv. aäp ]eXpw bp²w \S¡m¯Xpw
kam[m\¯n ]ncnªXpamWv. NneXn apkvenw {]t_m[Isc h©\bnÂ
sImes¸Sp¯nbXpw ImWmw. AhnNmcnXambpmb B{IaWs¯ {]Xntcm[n¨Xpapv.
tLmcamb bp²w \S¶p
F¶v ]dbmhp¶XneS¡w Ccp]£¯p \n¶pambn BsI h[n¡s¸«Xv 1018 t]cmbncp¶p.
apkvenwIfn \n¶pw 259 t]cpw adp]£¯v \n¶pw 759 t]cpw. bp²¯ShpImcmbn
apkvenwIfn \n¶pw ]nSn¡s¸«Xv Hcmfpw adp]£¯v \n¶v 6524 t]cpamWv. AXnÂ
kXyaXw hnizkn¡mXncp¶n«pw 6347 t]cn Nnesc tkm]m[nIhpw aäp Nnesc \ncp]m[nIhpw
hn«b¡pIbmbncp¶p.
temI¯v A\nhmcyambncp¶
kmwkvImcnIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb Hcp hn¹h¯nsâ ]¯v hÀjt¯mfapÅ Ncn{X¯nsâ _m¡n]{XamWnXv.
F¦n \ioIcWtam D·qe\tam Bbncp¶nà AXnsâ e£ysa¶v a\Ênem¡m³ {]bmkanÃ.
XnI¨pw cmjv{Sobhpw A[oiXz]chpamb bp²§f\h[n A\p`hn¨hcmWv temI P\X. P\tImSnIÄ
A[nImc ZpÀtamlnIfpsS tXtcm«¯n `qapJ¯v \n¶pw \njvImknXcmbn«pv. P\Iobtam
kmÀh{XnItam Bb Hcp e£yhpw ]cn]mSnbpanÃmsX \S¯nb \cta[§fpsS s]m Åp¶
IYIfpw CkvemanIamb bp²§fpsS {]Xn^e\hpw XmcXayw sN¿m³ t]mepw
km[n¡m¯XmWv. bYmÀY¯n kam[m\ kwØm]\¯nsâ `mKambmWv Ckveman bp² \nÀtZiw
Xs¶bpmbsX¶mWv hkvXpX. Hcp \mKcnI kaql¯nsâ am\knIhpw Nn´m]chpamb
kzmX{´yhpw k¼qÀW kpc£bpw GsXmcp cmjv{S¯nsâbpw e£yambncn¡pw. AXn\mÂ
Xs¶ A]Izamb kao]\ coXnIfnte¡v hen¨ng¡s¸Sp¶ ØnXnbpmhm³ AX\phZn¡nÃ.
Hcp Xc¯nepÅ AhnlnX CSs]Sepw AwKoIcn¨v sImSp¡m³ Iq«m¡m¯ {]IrXamWv a\pjytâXv.
AXn\m Xs¶ H¶nsâbpw XpS¡¡mc\mhmXncn¡m³ FÃmhcpw {ian¡Wsa¶Xv Ckvemw \njvIÀjn¡p¶p.
A\nhmcyamb {]Xntcm[¯n\v amÀK\nÀtZiw \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶p. |