hnip² Ckvemanse
bp² Ncn{Xhpw \nba§fpw cv hn`mKw BfpIÄ hyXykvX e£y§Ä¡mbn
Zpcp]tbmKw sN¿p¶pv. kam[m\¯nsâ aXamb
hnip² Ckvemans\bpw AXnsâ {]NmcIcmb apl½Zv \_n(kz) X§sfbpw bp²hpambn
_Ôs¸Sp¯n hncp² {]NmcWw \S¯ns¡mncn¡p¶hcmWv Hcp hn`mKw. AXnXo£vWhpw
Xnàhpamb ]Ým¯e§fpsS ASnØm\¯n A\nhmcyamb [Àakac¯n\pÅ Ckvemansâ \nÀtZi§sfbpw
]mT§sfbpw tIhehpw kz´hpamb XmÂ]cy kwc£W¯n\mbn Zpcp]tbmKn¡p¶hcmWv
asämcp hn`mKw.
H¶mas¯ hn`mKw a\xkm£n¡v
\nc¡m¯ {IqcXIÄ¡v ImcWamhp¶ \nÀtZi§fpw \S]SnIfpw coXnimkv{Xam¡nb
Ckvemw {Iqchpw a\pjyXzclnXhpamsW¶v Øm]n¨v a\pjy kvt\l¯nsâ t]cnÂ
Ckvemw {Iqcþ`oIc
aXamsW¶v Øm]ns¨Sp¡m³ {ian¡p¶p.
cmas¯ hn`mKw
hÀ¯am\Ime kmaqly Imepjy§sfbpw hnlzeXIsfbpw s]cp¸n¨v {]Ncn¸n¨v kapZmb
kvt\l¯nsâbpw kpc£bpsSbpw t]cn kmbp[ \o¡¯n\pw kam[m\ `wK¯n\pw
ImcW¡mcmbn¯ocp¶p.
cpw Ckvemans\
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw {]NmcW {]t_m[\ {]XnkÔn XoÀ¡p¶pv. Ckvemansâbpw
kapZmb¯nsâbpw t]cn kac thZm´ahXcn¸n¡p¶ cmas¯ hn`mK¯nsâ {]hÀ¯\§fmWv
henb {]XnkÔnbmbn¯ocp¶Xv.
ImcWw, H¶mas¯
hn`mK¯nsâ {]NmcW§Ä¡v sXfnhpw kmlNcyhpw A\pIqeam¡n XoÀ¡pIbmWn¡q«À.
kam[m\¯nsâ aXamsW¶v Øm]n¡pIbpw {]Ncn¸n¡pIbpw AXnsâ ASnØm\¯n kaql¯n\v
t\XrXzw \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶ Zo\o {]hÀ¯IÀ CXn\m sXän²cn¡s¸SpIbmWv.
Ckveman\v ]pd¯p
\n¶pÅ A]hmZ {]NmcWhpw sXän²mcW hfÀ¯epw Ncn{X¯nse Nne L«§Ä ZpÀhymJym\n¨pw
IÂ]nXambhXcn¸n¨pamWv \S¡p¶Xv. F¶m kaImeo\ambn«pÅ Nne kw`h
hnImk§fpsS ]n¶nepÅ apkvenw \ma[mcnIfpsS km¶n[yw Ckvemw hncp²X¡v
AXn{]NmcW tijn \ÂInbn«pv.
C¯csamcp
kmlNcy¯n CkvemanI kaql¯nsâ ]pjvIeamb Imes¯ Ncn{X kw`h§fpsS ]Ým¯ehpw
kmlNcy]camb A\nhmcyXbpw a\Ênem¡s¸tSXmWv. PnlmZv F¶ Bibw AXnsâ k¯pw
ssNX\yhpw tNmcmsX AhXcn¸nt¡X\nhmcyambn h¶ncn¡bmWv.
hn]peamb ]T\¯nsâ
km[yXbpw BhiyIXbpw \ne\n¡ps¶¦nepw A\nhmcyambXpw
AXymhiyambdntbXpamb AÂ]w Nne bmYmÀYy§Ä ChnsS kqNn¸n¡pIbmWv.
"PnlmZv' F¶mÂ
PnlmZv F¶ ]Z¯nsâ
AÀYw ITn\amb ]cn{iaw F¶s{X. AXnsâ hnimeamb AÀYXew bp²s¯bpw DÄs¡mÅp¶pv.
B \nebn bp²w F¶ AÀY¯nepw PnlmZv D]tbmKn¡mdpv.
bYmÀY¯n PnlmZv
F¶Xv {]IrXn]camb Hc\nhmcyXbmWv. Ckvemsat¶m apkvensat¶m, {]Øm\ hyàn
tI{µoIrXambÃmsX Xs¶ CXp]tbmKn¨p hcp¶pv. "a®nt\mSv aÃSn¨p, {]IrXntbmSv
]Ssh«n' XpS§nb aebmf ssienIÄ \ap¡v ]cnNnXamWv. ITn\amb {]XnIqeXIsf
Xo{hamb {ia¯neqsS AXnPbn¡m\pÅ {iaw, ITn\m[zm\w sN¿pI
XpS§nbhsbms¡bmWv PnlmZv AÀYam¡p¶Xv. AXv FÃmhcpw AwKoIcn¡p¶XpamWv.
PnlmZv F¶ ]Zhpw
Bt]£nIambmWv AXnsâ AÀY IÂ]\sb {]Imin¸n¡p¶Xv.
DZm¯amb Hcp e£ykm£mXvImc¯n\v
thntbm IWniamsbmcp PohnX hnip²n¡v thntbm [Àa \nÀhlW¯n\v thntbm
kpc£m]qÀWamb PohnX kpØnXn¡v thntbm \S¯p¶ ]cn{ia§sfms¡ PnlmZmWv.
A{Iahpw A\oXnbpw AcpXmbvabpw A]IzXbpw Hcn¡epw AXv XmÂ]cys¸Sp¶nÃ.
Ckvemw Bhiys¸Sp¶
PnlmZnsâ A\nhmcyX a\Ênem¡pIbpw DÄs¡mÅpIbpw sNt¿Xv CkvemanI ]cnt{]£y¯nemWv.
"PnlmZv' F¶ ]Zw "PplvZv' F¶ [mXphn \n¶mWv Dmhp¶Xv. "PnlmZv' F¶Xnsâ
Hcp hIt`ZamWv "apPmlZXv'. cpw Htc AÀYw Xs¶ {]Imin¸n¡p¶XmWv F¶s{X ]tZmÂ]¯n
imkv{X¯nsâ tX«w. F¶m "apPmlZXv' F¶ ]Zw sXän²cn¸n¡s¸«n«nà Xm\pw. hnip² JpÀB\nepw
Xncpkp¶¯nepw Cu ]Zw AXnsâ hnhn[mÀY§fnembn D]tbmKn¨Xv ImWmw.
"Bsc¦nepw ITn\ ]cn{iaw
\S¯p¶Xmbm Ah³ Ah\pthn Xs¶bmWv ]cn{ian¡p¶Xv. \nÝbw AÃmlp kÀh
temIcn \n¶pw sFizcyhm\mWv' (Bibw: A A³I_q¯v: 6).
Camw \kz^n(d) Cu
Bb¯nsâ hniZoIcW¯n ]dbp¶p:"HcmÄ Xsâ
icoct¯mSv AÃmlphns\ hgns¸Sp¶Xnsâ t]cnepw ]nimNnt\mSv Ahsâ ZpÀt_m[\§Äs¡Xncnepw
t]mcmSnbmÂ' (X^vkoÀ aZmcnIv 3/250).
lk³ _kzcn(d) ]dbp¶p:
"\nÝbw a\pjy³ t]mcm«w \S¯p¶p. ]t£, Hcp Ime¯pw AbmÄ hmÄ {]tbmKw \S¯nbn«nÃXm\pw' (X^vkoÀ C_v\p IkoÀ 3/532).CXv t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨
Bb¯nsâ hymJym\¯n C_v\pIkoÀ(d) D²cn¨n«pv.
"C\n AhÀ cpt]cpw
\n\¡dnbm¯ hÃXns\bpw Fs¶s¡mv ]¦v tNÀ¡m³ t{]cn¸n¨m \o AhÀ¡v
hgns¸ScpXv' (Bibw: AÂ A³I_q¯v: 8).
"AhÀ cpt]cpw
inÀ¡nsâ hnjb¯n \ns¶ t{]cn¸n¨m \o Ahsc hgns¸tSXnÃ' (X^vkoÀ aZmcnIv
3/251).
"\½psS amÀK¯n ]cn{ian¡p¶hÀ,
\nÝbw Ahsc \mw \½psS hgnIfnte¡v amÀKZÀi\w sN¿pw' (Bibw: AÂ A³I_q¯v:
61).
hnip² JpÀB\nse
kqd¯p A³I_q¯n \n¶mWv Cu aq¶v kqà§fpw D²cn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. bp²¯n\v A\paXn
e`n¨Xv Xs¶ lnPvd¡p tijamWv. A³I_q¯v A[ymbw lnPvd¡v ap¼v AhXcn¨XmWv.
AXn\m CXn PnlmZv F¶ ]Z§Ä {]Xy£ambn {]Xn^en¸n¡p¶Xv kmbp[ kacs¯bÃ
F¶Xv hyàamWv. lk³ _kzcn (d)bpsS hniZoIcWw t]mse hmÄ {]tbmKw hcm¯
bp²amWsX¶v Npcp¡w.
cmas¯ kqà¯nsâ
AhXcW ]Ým¯ew IqSn tNÀ¯v hmbn¡pt¼mÄ H¶pIqSn Bibw {Kmlyamhp¶XmWv. alm\mb
kzlm_o {]apJ³ kAvZp_v\p A_ohJvJmkv (d) kXyaXw hnizkn¨t¸mÄ amXmhv
AXns\Xnsc {]Xntj[n¨p. kAvZv Ckvemapt]£n¡p¶Xphsc, Asæn AhÀ acn¡p¶Xphsc
A¶]m\mZnIÄ hÀPn¡m\mbn Xocpam\saSp¯p. kAvZv(d) \_n(kz) X§tfmSv
Cu hnjbs¯ Ipdn¨v ]dªp. B kµÀ`¯nemWv Cu Bb¯nsâ AhXcWapmbXv (Akv_m_p¶pkqÂ
65). CXnse \nbaw s]mXpsh _m[IamWv. ]t£, kAvZnsâ D½bpsS PnlmZv Hcp
Xc¯nepapÅ Bbp[ {]tbmKambncp¶nÃtÃm.
PnlmZv F¶Xv A\nhmcyamb
Hcp \ne]mSns\tbm AXnbmb Hcm{Kls¯tbm {]Xn^en¸n¡p¶p F¶v CXn \n¶pw a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv.
\_n(kz) Cu
AÀY¯n PnlmZv F¶ ]Zw {]tbmKn¨n«pv. Ckvemanse kwkvIcW imkv{X imJbnÂ
"apPmlZ' F¶ ]ZamWv CXn\v ]Icw IqSpXembn D]tbmKn¨n«pÅXv.
Hcp bp²¯n \n¶pw
Xncn¨phcpt¼mÄ \_n(kz) kzlm_nItfmSv ]dªp:"\mw \Ã \nebnÂ
apt¶m«p t]mhp¶p. sNdnb PnlmZn \n¶pw henb PnlmZnte¡v apt¶dp¶p. AYhm
Hcp ASna kz´w COItfmSv \S¯p¶ kac¯nte¡v' (I³kp D½mÂ: 11260).
asämcp lZoknÂ
apPmlnZv (t]mcmfn) BcmsW¶v hyàam¡p¶p."AÃmlphnsâ hgnbnÂ
kz´w icoct¯mSv t]mcmSp¶h\mWv bYmÀY t]mcmfn' (I³kp D½mÂ: 11261).
hnip² JpÀB\nse
Hcp IÂ]\ C§s\ h¶n«pv."\ntj[nIfpsS \nÀtZi¯n\v
A§v hgns¸ScpXv. hnip² JpÀB³ sImv AhtcmSv \Ã "PnlmZv' \S¯pI' (Bibw:
AÂ ^pÀJm³: 52).
"AhtcmSv A§v
hnip² JpÀB³ sImv kwhZn¡pI. FÃm hn[¯neapÅ kac§fpw sImv Ahn{iaw \nc´cw
]cn{iaw \S¯pI' F¶XmWv Cu Bb¯neqsS JpÀB³ \nÀtZisa¶v JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡Ä
hyàam¡nbn«pv. ]qÀh {]hmNI·mcn \n¶pw hyXykvXamb kÀhP\o\sa¶ AhØ \_n(kz) X§fpsS ZuXy¯n\ps¶Xn\m \nc´chpw hn{iaclnXhpw XymK]qÀWhpamb ]cn{iaw
\_n(kz)bn \n¶pw {]t_m[\ hgnbn DmhWsa¶mWv CXmhiys¸Sp¶Xv. kmbp[
PnlmZÃ CXpsImpt±iysa¶v Bb¯nse "JpÀB³' Dt±in¨pÅ "ln' F¶ kÀh\maw
hyàam¡n¯cp¶p.
lÀ_v, JnXmÂ
lÀ_v, JnXm F¶o
cv ]Z§fpw bp²s¯bmWv hnh£n¡p¶Xv. PnlmZnsâ hnimeamb Bb¯n \n¶v hfsc
sNdnsbmcp `mKw am{XamWv CXv {]Xn\n[m\n¡p¶Xv. aäp ]e ]Z§fpw bp²¯n\v ]cymbambn
D]tbmKn¡mdpv. kwL«\§fpw t]m cm«§fpw sImv PohnXw Iepjam¡n¡gnªncp¶
Ad_nIfpsS cWhocyiucyw Xpfp¼p¶ IhnXIfn Cu ]cymb]Z§Ä [mcmfambn
D]tbmKn¨Xv ImWmw.
Ckveman bp²anÃ
F¶Ã Cu ]cmaÀi¯n\ÀYw. PnlmZv F¶ ]Zw hyXykvXamb AÀYIÂ]\ \ÂIs¸Sp¶ Hcp
]ZamWv. AXn\m AXv ImWpItbm tIÄ¡pItbm sN¿p¶ am{Xbn `oXns¸SpItbm
sXän²cn¡pItbm sNt¿XnÃ.
CkvemanI
Ncn{X¯nepw ]mT§fnepw ]cmaÀin¡s¸«n«pÅ bp²§Ä¡v AXntâXmb ]Ým¯e§fpmbncp¶p
F¶v ImWmw. Bscsb¦nepw {]XnØm\¯v \nÀ¯n AhÀs¡Xnsc \ioIcW {]hÀ¯\w \S¯pI
F¶ \ne¡mbncp¶nà CkvemanI bp²§Ä. A\nhmcyamb Hcp L«¯n am{Xw A\paXn \ÂIs¸SpIbmbncp¶p.
bp²m\paXn \ÂIs¸« kµÀ`hpw AXnsâ ImcW§fpw a\Ênemt¡Xpv.
\_n(kz) AhnSps¯
ZuXy\nÀhlWw Bcw`n¨t¸mÄ a¡m\nhmknIfmb AhnizmknIÄ \_n(kz) X§Ä¡pw
kXyhnizmknIÄ¡psaXnsc {Iqchpw arKobhpamb ]oU\apdIÄ \S¯pIbpmbn. am\knIambpw
imcocnIambpw Ahc\p`hnt¡n h¶ AXn{Ia§Ä Ncn{Xw hnhcn¨XmWv. kXyhnizmkw
kzoIcn¨p F¶Xnep]cn Hcp sXäpw Ahcmcpw sNbvXncp¶nÃ.
X§fpsS amXm¡fpsS
{]mbapÅ alnfIsf t]mepw a\pjyXzw achn¨hÀ ISp¯ ]o U\§Ä¡v hnt[bcm¡n. kn¶od(d) F¶ alXnbpsS I®v \jvSs¸«p. Jºm_v(d)sâ apXpIn Np«p]gp¸n¨ Ccp¼v
sh¨v s]mÅn¨p. _nemÂ(d)s\ D¨shbnen Np«p]gp¯ aWen aeÀ¯n InS¯n s\©nÂ
IÃp Ibänsh¨p. A_q_¡À(d)s\ aÀ±n¨hi\m¡n. Aánbnen«v {Iqcambn ]oUn¸n¡s¸«
bmknÀ(d)sâ IpSpw_¯n \n¶pw kpa¿(d) càkm£nbmbn. ]t£, CsXm¶pw Ahsc
kXyhnizmk¯n \n¶pw ]n´ncn¸n¡m\p]Icn¨nà F¶XmWv Ncn{Xw.
\_n(kz) FÃmw £an¡m\pw
ssØcyambncn¡m\pap]tZin¨p. A_vZpdlvam\p_v\p Hu^v(d), kAvZp_v\p
A_ohJvJmkvz(d) XpS§nb kzlm_nhcyÀ {]Xntcm[n¡m\mbn A\paXn tXSnbt¸mgpw
\_n(kz) X§Ä AhtcmSv £an¡m³ Xs¶ D]tZin¡pIbmbncp¶p.
kXy{]Øm\amWv
X§fptSsX¶pw {]]© \mYsâ Zmk·mcmWv X§sf¶papÅ bmYmÀYy t_m[s¯ adbm¡n [mÀjvSyw
ImWn¡m³ Ahcmcpw apXncpIbmbncp¶nÃ. hnip² JpÀB\pw Ncn{Xhpw CXv hyàam¡p¶pv.
AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:"\n§fpsS Ic§Ä \n§Ä
\nb{´n¡pIbpw \nkvImcw \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw kIm¯v \ÂIpIbpw sN¿pI F¶v ]dbs¸«
Hcp hn`mKs¯ At§¡dnbntÃ?' (Bibw: A¶nkmAv: 77).
bp²m\paXnbpw \nÀtZihpw
Dmb tijw AXn \n¶pw ]n·mdnbhcpsS \ne]mSns\ hnaÀin¡p¶ `mK¯mWo ]cmaÀiapÅXv.
acW¯n \n¶v c£s¸Sp¶Xn\v bp²¯n kw_Ôn¡mXncn¡Â D]Icn¡pIbnà F¶mWnXneqsS
Adnbn¡p¶Xv.
{]t_m[\¯nsâ
BZyIme¯v hnizmknIÄ bp²m\paXn \ÂIm\mhiys¸«t¸mÄ AÃmlphnsâ
\nÀtZim\pkcWw \_n(kz) X§Ä AXns\ \ncpÕmls¸Sp¯pIbpw BNmcm\pjvTm\§fpw
hyàn _m[yXIfpw ]qÀ¯nbm¡n Pohn¡m\p]tZin¡pIbpw sN¿pIbmbncp¶p. CXnte¡v
kqN\ \ÂIp¶ `mKamWv D²cn¡s¸« kqà`mKw.
"\_n(kz) X§fpsS
Ime¯v lnPvd¡v ap¼v bp²w hntcm[n¡s¸«Xmbncp¶p. ImcWw A¶p \_n(kz)
X§tfmSv \nÀtZin¡s¸«Xv {]t_m[\hpw Xm¡oXv \ÂIepw AhnizmknIfpsS ]oU\¯nÂ
£a Ahew_n¡m\pambncp¶p' (Xplv^ 9/212).
\_n(kz) X§sf
kao]n¨v bp²m\paXn tXSnbhÀ ]dªp: "AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNIsc, R§Ä
apivcn¡pIfmbncns¡ henb(_mly) {]Xm]nIfmbncp¶p. A§s\ R§Ä hnizkn¨t¸mÄ
R§Ä \nµnXcmbn¯oÀ¶ncn¡pIbmWv?' At¸mÄ \_n(kz) X§Ä AhtcmSv ]dªp: "\nÝbw
Ft¶mSv am¸v \ÂIm\mWp \nÀtZin¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. AXn\m \n§Ä B P\XtbmSv
bp²w sN¿cpXv' (X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ 1/687).
Cu kµÀ`¯n AhcpsS
ØnXnsb¡pdn¨v C_v\p IkoÀ FgpXp¶p."AhÀ ]o U\§fnÂ
I¯nsbcnbpIbmbncp¶p. AhcpsS i{Xp¡fn \n¶pw im´X e`n¡m\mbn bp²¯n\v \nÀtZin¡s¸«ncps¶¦nÂ
F¶hcm{Kln¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p' (X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ 1/686).
A¯zqÀ 48, AÊpJvdp^v
89, AÂlnPvÀ 85, AÂPmknb 14, AÂapAvan\q³ 96 XpS§nb kqà§fneqsS [mcmfw
\nÀtZi§fpw D]tZi§fpw a¡m ImeL«¯nepmbn«pv. AhnizmknItfmSv kao]nt¡
coXnbpw kzbw kzoIcnt¡ \ne]mSpIfpw ]Tn¸n¡p¶hbmWsXÃmw. Camw C_v\plPÀ(d) (Xplv^ `mKw 9 t]Pv 212) Fgp]Xne[nIw kqà§fn bp²w \ncpÕmls¸Sp¯pItbm
\ntcm[n¡pItbm sNbvXncp¶p F¶v hyàam¡nbn«pv. X^vkoÀ dmkn 23/35, dqlpÂ
aB\n 9/154, aZmcnIv 3/103 XpS§n [mcmfw JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡fpw aäp
Ncn{XImc·mcpw CXv hyàam¡nbn«pv.
Cu \ncpÕmls¸Sp¯Â
hnizmknIfmb BfpIÄ \nÊmchÂIcn¡s¸Sp¶Xnsâtbm AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶Xnsâtbm
`mKambncp¶nÃ. adn¨v AÃmlp Xs¶ Ahsc klmbn¡pIbpw i{Xp¡fn \n¶pw
kwc£n¡pIbpw sN¿psat¶säSp¯psImm W§s\ sNbvXn«pÅXv. A{Ia§fpw ]oU\§fpw
XpSÀ¶n«pw kXyhgnbn \n¶pw ]n ´ncnbmsX ssØcyambncn¡p¶Xn\pw XymK¯n\v
]mIs¸Sp¶Xn\pw AÃmlphnsâ klmbapmhp¶XmsW¶ÀYw. Hcp kXyhnizmknsb
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Ahsâ FÃmänt\¡mfpw Xsâ BZÀi¯nsâ kZv^ew
\jvSs¸SmXncn¡emWv {][m\w. AXn\m Xs¶ Hcp BZÀi \ncmk¯nsâ IY BZyIme
apkvenwIfn D²cn¡s¸«n«pv. hnizmk kwc£WmÀYw GXv XymK¯n\pahÀ
Hcp¡ambncp¶p F¶Xn\v Ncn{Xw km£nbmWv.
Aklyamb A{Ia ]oU\§Ä
XpSÀ¶t¸mÄ l_vibnte¡v H¶pw cpw ]emb\§Ä \S¶p. A§s\ GXm\pw hnizmknIÄ
hntZi¯v t]mbn¡gnªncp¶p. AhnsSbpw sskzcw sImSp¡msX {]mtZinI cmPmhns\(\Öminsb) kzm[o\n¡m³ AhnizmknIfmb a¡¡mÀ {ian¨p. ]t£, cmPmhv Xsâ A`bw
XpSÀ¶psImv am\yX ImWn¨p.
\p_ph¯nsâ ]Xnaq¶mw
hÀjw a¡bn \n¶pw aZo\bnte¡v ]emb\w sN¿m\\paXnbpw \nÀtZihpapmbn.
BZyamZyw kzlm_nhcy·mcpw ]n¶oSv \_n(kz) X§fpw aZo\bnse¯n. aZo\bnÂ
Hcp A¨S¡apÅ kmaqly cwKw XoÀ¡p¶Xn\mbn Icmdnembn. AhnsSbpw kzØambn
Ignbm\\phZn¡m¯ hn[¯n AhnizmknIÄ hncp² {]hÀ¯\§Ä Bcw`n¨p. kz´w P·\mSpt]£n¡m³
t]mepw hn[n¡s¸«hÀs¡Xnsc hopw AXn{Iaw XpSÀ¶t¸mÄ AXns\ {]Xntcm[n¡m\mbn
bp²w sN¿p¶hÀs¡Xnsc bp²w sN¿m\mWv A\paXnbpmbXv.
lnPvdbpsS Ahkc¯nÂ
Hcp hn`mKw kzlm_nhcy·msc hgnat[y B{Ian¨hÀs¡Xnsc {]Xntcm[n¡m\mbn A\paXn
\ÂInbXneqsSbmWv bp²m\paXnbpsS XpS¡sa¶ ]£aps¦nepw lnPvd cmw
hÀj¯nemWv A\paXnbpmbsX¶Xn\mWv IqSpXÂ {]m apJyw. JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p:
"bp²w sN¿s¸Sp¶hÀ¡v
AhÀ aÀ±n¡s¸«hcmsW¶Xn\m bp²m\paXn \ÂIs¸«ncn¡p¶p. \nÝbw AÃmlp Ahsc
klmbn¡m³ aXnbmb ià\mWv. AÃmlphmWv R§fpsS \mY³ F¶v ]dbp¶p F¶XÃmsX
asämcphn[ ImcWhpanÃmsX hoSpIfn \n¶pw (\m«n \n¶pw) ]pd¯m¡s¸«hcmWhÀ.
AÃmlp Nnesc Ahcn Nnescs¡mv Xs¶ {]Xntcm[n¨ncp¶nsæn AÃmlphnsâ \maw
IqSpXembn kvacn¡s¸Sp¶ ]ÅnIfpw {]mÀY\meb§fpw aT§fpw NÀ¨pIfpw
XIÀ¡s¸Spambncp¶p. \nÝbw AÃmlphns\ (Zo\ns\) klmbn¡p¶hsc Ah³ klmbn¡pI
Xs¶ sN¿pw. \nÝbw AÃmlp ià\pw {]Xm]hm\pamWv. `qanbn \mahÀ¡v
kuIcys¸Sp¯n sImSp¯m \nkvImcw \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw kIm¯v \ÂIpIbpw \·
IÂ]n¡pIbpw Xn· hntcm[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hcpamWhÀ. AÃmlphn\mWv Imcy§fpsS
FÃmw A´na hn[n¡hImiw' (Bibw: AÂlÖv: 39þ41).
AhnizmknIfpsS ]oU\¯nÂ
\n¶pw c£tXSn kz´w \mSmb a¡bn \n¶pw ]emb\w \S¯nbhÀ AhnsSbpw
B{Ian¡s¸SpIbpmbn. {]Xntcm[¯n\v {]Xy£amb Hcp D]m[n Xs¶ cq]s¸SWsa¶Xv
kmaqlnI k´pe\¯n\\nhmcyambn h¶p. AhÀ klmbn¡s¸«p hnPbnIfmhpI F¶Xv,
{]]©¯n a\pjy[Àaw bYmhn[n \nÀhln¡p¶hcpsS sskzc km¶n[yapm¡p¶Xn\v
Bhiyambn hcnIbpw sNbvXp F¶sXms¡bmWv bp² ImcW§fmbn Cu kqà§Ä hyàam¡p¶Xv.
BZyIme
apkvenwIfpsS aÀ±nXmhØ Ncn{Xw hfsc hyàambn ]cmaÀin¨n«pÅXmWv. AXpt]mse
Xs¶ hyXykvX aX]ptcmlnX·mcpw Bcm[\meb§fpw hnhn[ `mK§fnepmbncp¶p.
aXhnizmknIsf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw X§fpsS aXþ[ym\
tI{µ§sf¶ \nebn sshImcnI _ÔapÅhbmWv AhsbÃmw. Ah XIÀ¡s¸Sp¶Xv kmaqlnI
cwK¯v IqSpX Imepjy§fpm¡pw. AXn\m Xs¶ AhbpsS kwc£Icpw AXnse
ta[mhnIfpw \ne\n¡pI F¶Xv AhbpsS \ne\nÂ]n\pw kwc£W¯n\pw BhiyamsW¶v
hcp¶p. CXp]t£, Atd_ybnse kaIme kmlNcy¯n AÂ]w A]ISmhØbnembn¯oÀ¶ncn¡pIbmbncp¶p.
AXn\m Xs¶ Atd_y³ AhnizmknIfpsS amS¼n¯cw XoÀ¡p¶ A\ÀY§Ä¡v HcpXcw
tjm¡v NnInÕbmbncp¶p bYmÀY¯n A¶v bp²w. Cu A\nhmcyambn h¶ kac¯nÂ
t\Sp¶ hnPbamhs« A\ÀY§Ä¡pw AcmNIXz¯n\pw A´yw Ipdn¡pIbmbncn¡pw. kÂKpW
]cnioe\w t\SnbhcpsS DZm¯hpw kpXmcyhpamb CkvemanI PohnXambncn¡pw ]n¶oSv
AhnsS ]pecpI.
Hcp kXyhnizmknsb
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw X\n¡v Xsâ \mY\n \n¶v e`yamb klmb kuIcy§Ä kzmÀYhpw
k¦pNnXhpambn NqjWw sN¿p¶Xn\v ]Icw AXnsâ KpW^e§Ä A]cÀ¡p IqSn e`yam¡p¶h\mbncn¡pw.
ImcWw AhÀ t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨ CkvemanI [mÀanI hyhØbpsS N«¡q«n Pohn¡p¶h\mbncn¡pw.
A§s\ h¶m kacapJ¯v ]cmPbs¸tSn h¶ i{Xphn\p t]mepw am\pjnIamb ]cnKW\
e`n¡p¶ ØnXnbpmbn¯ocpw. A§s\ bp²¯nsâ A´naamb AhØ kam[m\¯nsâbpw
klnjvWpXbpsSbpw ]peÀ¨bpw A{Ia¯nsâ A´yhpambncn¡pw.
kpØnXn t\Snb Hcp
kmaqlnI kwhn[m\¯n apkvenw [Àaw F§s\bmWv {]ISn¸n¡s¸SpI F¶v a\Ênem¡m³
\_n(kz) X§Ä aZo\bnse¯nb DSs\ Dm¡nb IcmÀ \nco£n¨m aXn.
AhnsSbpmbncp¶ PqX·mcpambn kam[m\ IcmÀ X¿mdm¡pIbpw s]cpam䨫w {]Jym]n¨wKoIcn¡pIbpw
sNbvXncp¶p. AXn BcpsSbpw hnizmk kzmX{´ys¯ ASn¨aÀ¯p¶ \nÀtZi§fpmbncp¶nÃ.
CkvemanI Jnem^¯nsâ \mbI·mcnseÃmw CXnsâ XpSÀ¨bmWv ImWm³ IgnbpI. aXtam,
hnizmktam, Bcm[\mebtam Hcn¡epw AklnjvWpXtbmsS ho£n¡s¸«ncp¶nÃ. H¶pw
XIÀ¡s¸«ncp¶panÃ.
hn{ipXamb Cu
Ncn{X bmYmÀYy§Ä hnkvacn¨psImv CkvemanIamb PnlmZns\ tIheh¡cn¡pItbm
ZpÀhymJym\n¡pItbm sN¿p¶Xv henb A]cm[amWv. XmÂ]cy§Ä¡v \ne\nÂ]v t\Sm³
thnbà {]amW§sfbpw \nba§sfbpw ]ctXXv. {]amW§fpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv PohnX
bmYmÀYy§sf kao]nt¡Xv. bp²m\paXnbpw AXns\ XpSÀ¶pÅ t{]mÕml\hpw \nÀtZihpsaÃmw
hfsc hyàamb ]Ým¯ehpambn _ÔapÅXmWv.
Ckveman bp²ansöÃ
Ckvemsa¶m Hcp
bp²clnX ZÀi\amsW¶v a\Ênem¡s¸Sp¶Xn\à Cu hniZoIcWw. adn¨v Hcp Poh {]Øm\¯nsâ
N«¡q«n Ignbp¶ apkvenw kaqls¯ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw A\nhmcyamb L«¯n bp²w \nbahnt[bw
Xs¶bmWv. ]t£, AXn\v ASnØm\]camb [mcmfw \n_Ô\IfpsS ]n´pW A\nhmcyamWv.
AYhm IWniamb \nba hyhØIÄ¡v hnt[bamb bp²m\paXn Ckvemanepv. CkvemanI
cmjv{S¯eht\m {]Xn\n[ntbm {]Jym]n¡pItbm AÀlcmbhsc NpaXes¸Sp¯pItbm
sN¿pI F¶Xv BZyambn thXmWv.
CkvemanI \nbaimkv{X
{KÙ§fn PnlmZpw A\p_Ô Imcy§fpw hniZambn hnhcn¡p¶pv. Hcp k¼qÀW ZÀi\¯nsâ
A\nhmcyXbmWXv. ]t£, {]mtbmKnI Xe¯n AXv \S¸m¡p¶Xn\v AXnsâ tNcphIfpw
kmlNcy§fpw H¯nW§nbncn¡Ww. PnlmZv am{Xaà Jnkzmkzv ({]Xn{Inb) lpZqZv
(\nÝnX in£IÄ) XBkoÀ (kpÂXzm³ Xocpam\n¡p¶ in£IÄ) F¶nhbpw Ckvemanepv.
FÃmänsâbpw BXy´nI e£yw k¼qÀWamb kam[m\amWv. Hmtcm¶pw Cg]ncn¨v ]cntim[n¨mÂ
CXv IqSpXÂ hyàamhp¶XmWv.
kam[m\¯n\v
A\nhmcyambn¯ocp¶
bp²§Ä kam[m\¯nsâbpw im´nbpsSbpw kmlNcy¯nte¡v \bn¡pwhn[¯nembncn¡Ww. GsX¦nepw Hcp hn`mKamfpIÄ asämcp hn`mK¯m ]oUn¸n¡s¸SpItbm
`oXns¸SpItbm sN¿p¶ kmlNcyw CÃmbva sN¿s¸SWw. AXneqsS am{Xta
kzmØyapmbn¯ocq. A{Ian¡v kzbw ]m Is¸Sp¶Xn\v kmlNcy]camb k½À±apmbn¯ocWw.
At¸mÄ Ipg¸hpw Ielhpw CÃmXmhp¶Xpw {kjvSmhnsâ hn[nhne¡pIÄ¡v hnt[bs¸Sp¶
hyhØm]nX kwhn[m\w Dmbn¯ocp¶XpamWv. A§s\ \nehn hcp¶ Hcp PohnX {Ia¯nÂ
FÃm¯cw ]uc·mÀ¡pw sskzcambpw kzX{´ambpw F¶m A]c\v ieyamImsXbpw
Pohn¡m³ Ignbpw. ImcWw Ckveman\v AXntâXmb [mÀanI
hyhØbpv. a\pjy³ _Ôs¸Sp¶ kIeXnt\mSpw \oXnbpàw hÀ¯n¡Wsa¶XmWXnsâ ImXÂ.
B hyhØbpsS ]peÀ¨¡v thnbmWv bp²w. a\pjysâbpw {]IrXnbpsSbpw {]]©¯nsâbpw
kpØnXn¡v thnbmWv bp²sa¶ÀYw.
"aXw (F¶ \nebnÂ
DÅXv) apgph\mbpw AÃmlphn\v s]mcp¯apÅXmbn¯ocpIbpw Ipg¸w Dmhm¯ ØnXn
hcnIbpw sN¿p¶Xvhtc¡pw AhtcmSv (\n§tfmSv bp²w sN¿p¶hÀ) \n§Ä bp²w
sN¿pI. C\n AhÀ kzbw hncan¡p¶psh¦n (]ns¶) A{IanIÄs¡XncneÃmsX
{]Xym{IaWw ]mSnÃ' (Bibw: AÂ _Jd: 193).
bp²w sImv
Ipg¸¯ns\mcp§nbhÀ AXn \n¶pw hncan¡p¶Xv hsc {]Xym{IaWw A\nhmcyambn¯ocpIbmWv.
AXv Ipg¸w Ahkm\n¨v In«p¶Xn\pw, kam[m\]qÀWamb kmlNcykrjvSn¡v ImcWamhp¶
Ckvemansâ AwKoImc¯n\pw thnbmWv. C\nsbmcn¡epw Akam[m\¯n\v
kmlNcysamcp¡mXncn¡m\mWv ]qÀWambpw aXw ]p ecpI F¶v ]dªXv. `mKnIamb ]peÀ¨
k¼qÀW ^eZmbIambncn¡nÃ. A§s\ CkvemanI hyhØ \nehn h¶m AhnsS kmaqly
cwKw kam[m\]qÀWamhm\pÅ \nÀtZi§fmWv \S¸mhpI. CkvemanI kaql¯n\v hnPbw
ssIh¶ kµÀ`§fn AXv {]ISambXpamWv.
\tS kqNn¸n¨ bp²m\paXnbpsS
kqà¯n kmaqly{Ia¯nse kam[m\ k´pe\§Ä¡v thn {]]© \mY³ Xs¶ a\pjycnÂ
NnecpsS \ne]mSpIÄ D]m[nbm¡nbn«ps¶v hyàam¡nbn«pv. AXnsâ tX«hpw
kam[m\hpw kpØnXnbpw Øm]nXamh Xs¶bmWv. bp²hpambn _Ôs¸« \nÀtZi§tfmsSm¸w
AXn{Ia]camb kao]\w DmhmXncn¡m³ Bhiys¸Sp¶tXm, KpW]cambn s]cpamdm³ \nÀtZin¡p¶tXm
Bb A\p_Ô \nÀtZiþt{]mÕml\§Ä
ImWmw. Hcp kwL«\apJs¯ kzm`mhnIXIÄ CkvemanIamb \nÀtZim\pkcWw \S¡p¶
bp² cwK¯nepmhm³ ]mSnsömWXmhiys¸Sp¶Xv.
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