Ckvemw {]Ncn¨Xp
hmfpsImmsW¶v Hcp {]NmcWw HmdnbâenÌpIfn NneÀ D¶bn¨n«pv. ]n¡me¯v
Ckvemw hncp²XbpsS a¯v ]nSn¨hÀ AtXäp ]nSn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pv. bYmÀY¯nÂ
Ncn{X kXy§tfmSv {Iqcamb kao]\amWnXv. hkvXpX Adnbm³ {ian¡msXtbm a\x]qÀhw
hnkvacnt¨m DÅ Cu {]NmcW¯n\v ]pXnb kaql¯n \ne\n¸nÃmXmbn«pv. F¶mepw
]gb ]Ãhnbn a\xkpJw ImWp¶hÀ CXv CS¡nsS BhÀ¯n¡mdpv.
temI¯v 20 iXam\t¯mfw
hcp¶ apkvenw P\kwJybpsS ]n¶n hmfmWpm bncp¶Xv F¶ {]NmcWw Gsd
auVyamWv. a¡bn Ckvemansâ {]mYanI ImeL«hpw aZo\bn AXnsâ cmw L«hpw
Jeo^amcpsS aq¶mw L«hpw Ncn{Xw \ap¡v hnhcn¨p Xcp¶pv .kIeam\ k¶ml§fpw
kuIcy§fpw H¯nW§nb {]XntbmKnIfpw i{Xp¡fpw kPohhpw A{Iamkàhpambncp¶
Hcp Npäp]mSnÂ, Bfpw klIcWhpanÃm¯hÀ kmbp[ kacw \S¯n Ckvemw hfÀ¯n F¶p
]dbp¶Xv F{Xam{Xw hnUvVn¯amWv. sNdnb \yq\]£w `qcn]£¯ns\Xnsc hmsfSp¯mÂ
\njvImknXcmhp¶Xv Bcmbncn¡pw F¶v a\Ênem¡m³ AanX _p²nsbm¶pw BhiyanÃ.
hyàamb HcmZÀi
kuIpamcyXbpsS {]Imi\¯n\v km[n¡m¯hÀ kz´w A\pbmbnIfn Ir{Xnaamb GtIm]\apm¡p¶Xn\mbn
Hcp i{Xphns\ I¸n¡pIbmWv. "apl½Zv \_n(kz)bpw A\pbmbnIfpw hmfpambn
A{Iaw \S¯n Øm]n¨Xpw {]Ncn¸n¨XpamWnkvemw aXw, AXp{]Imcw hmfpw
hodpambn apkvenwIÄ C¶pw \ne\n¡pIbmWv, BbXn\m Ahscbpw AhcpsS
aXs¯bpw \maIäWw' F¶mWnXneqsS ]ecpw A\pbmbnIsf t_m[n¸n¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xv.
CkvemanI Ncn{X¯n ImWmhp¶ Nne kw`h§sf AX\nhmcyam¡nb ]Ým¯e§fn \n¶pw
thÀs]Sp¯n Hcm{IaW ]cn]mSn F¶ \ne¡hXcn¸n¡pIbmWn¡q«À. hmfpsImv Øm]n¡p¶
A¨S¡¯n\v AÂ]mbpÊv am{XamWpmhpI F¶dnbm¯hscm¶pambn cp¶nà CkvemanI {]t_m[IÀ.
C´ybn BZyambn
Ckvemw IS¶ph¶ tIcf¯n ]cnanXcmb BfpIfmWv {]t_m[\¯n\v t\XrXzw
\ÂInbXv. Ignª 14 \qämn\nS¡v C¶v \ap¡dnbmhp¶ henb kwJybmbn AXv
DbÀ¶Xn\v ]n¶n hmfpw kachpambncp¶p F¶Xv tIcf¯nsâ kmwkvImcnI
Ncn{Xadnbp¶ BÀ¡pw AwKoIcn¡m³ km[n¡pIbnÃ. Xt±iobcmb P\XbpsS
kvt\lhmbv]pIÄ t\SnsbSp¡m\pw amXrIm tbmKyhpw kZmNmc]chpamb PohnXw
ImgvNsh¡m\pw km[n¨psh¶XmWhcpsS hnPbw. tIcf¯nsâ CcpfSª kmaqly
kwhn[m\¯n kvt\l¯nsâbpw ]mckv]cy¯nsâbpw {]Imiw ]c¯m\m bXmWv AhcpsS
hnPb¯n\p \nan¯ambn¯oÀ¶Xv.
1921se ae_mÀ
kac¯nsâ ]Ým¯e¯n tI«dnª hnhc§Ä¡v {]mapJyw \ÂIn apkvenwIsf Bt£]n¨psImv
Ipamc\mim³ FgpXnb JWvV ImhyamWv ZpchØ. AXnet±lw tIcf¯nse Ckvemw aX
hnizmknIfpsS hÀ²\hnsâ ImcWw hnhcn¡p¶pv. AXnsâ BibanXmWv. "PmXobamb
D¨\oNXz§fpsS t]cn ]o UnXmhØbnembncp¶ P\X Ckvemansâ kmtlmZcy
kuIpamcyX ZÀin¨t¸mÄ AXn BIrjvScmhpIbmbncp¶p. lnamebw Ibdntbm ISÂ
ISt¶m h¶hcmbncp¶nà ChnSps¯ apkvenwIÄ' (Bibw: ZpchØ).
Ckvemanse
kmtlmZcy¯nsâbpw am\hobXbpsSbpw kuµcyamWv tIcf¯nse apkvenw hwi
hÀ²\hn\v \nan¯ambsX¶v Ipamc\mim³ Xsâ apkvenw shdnbpsS {]IS\¯n\nSbnÂ
]dªpt]mhpIbmWpmbXv. Ncn{Xw ]Tn¡m³ {ian¨hcpw Ckvemw shdnbps¦nepw
bmYmÀYy t_m[t¯msS Ckvemans\ hnebncp¯nbhcpw Ckvemansâ hfÀ¨bpsS clkyw
hmfmbncp¶p F¶ hmZKXnsb XÅn¸dbm³ \nÀ_ÔnXcmbn«pv. Ckvemansâ
{]NmcW¯nsâ bYmÀY ImcWw AXnsâ am\hobXbpw kmtlmZcy hpamWv F¶v AhÀ
hyàam¡nbn«pv.
Ckvemansâ {]NmcW
Ncn{Xw hnhcn¡p¶ Hcp _rl¯mb {KÙw kÀ tXmakv BÀtWmÄUv cNn¨n«pv. AXnÂ
Ckvemansâ {]NmcW¯n\v klmbIamb kmwkvImcnI kmaqly kmlNcyw At±lw
hnhcn¡p¶pv. "Ckvemw {]t_m[\hpw {]NmcWhpw' F¶ Xsâ ]pkvXI¯nÂ
hmfmbncp¶p CkvemanI {]t_m[\¯n apJyw F¶ hmZs¯ At±lw JWvVn¨ncn¡p¶p.
almßmKmÔn
FgpXp¶p: "P\ e£§fpsS lrZbm´c§fn \nÀhnhmZw B[n]Xyw ]p eÀ¯nb
hyànsb¡pdn¨v IqSpXednbm³ {ian¨p. A¡mes¯ D¶X PohnX hnPb¯nsâ ]n¶nÂ
hmfmbncp¶nà F¶v F\n¡v ap¼t¯¡mfpw t_m[yw h¶ncn¡p¶p. {]hmNIsâ
emfnXyhpw ]caamb hnizmkhpambncp¶p, hmfmbncp¶nà FÃmäns\bpw AhcpsS
ap¼nse¯n¨Xpw apgph³ XSʧsfbpw AXnPohn¡m³ klmbn¨Xpw' (bwKv C´y, 1924
sk]vXw_À 16).
aX{]NmcW¯n\pw
{]t_m[\¯n\pw kzoIcnt¡ ssienbpw amÀKhpw JpÀB³ hyàam¡nbn«pv. AXv
t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨XmWv.(Ckvemanse [mÀanI hyhØ F¶ teJ\w ImWpI) Ckvemans\bpw apkvenwIsfbpw sXän²cn¸n¡m\pÅ
IpÕnXamb {ia§fpsS `mKamWv A¯cw Ip{]NmcW§Ä. F¶m A\nhmcyamb L«¯nÂ
kmbp[ kacw \S¶n«pv. AXn\v AXntâXmb ]Ým¯e§fpapmbncp¶p.
CkvemanI
\nba§Ä¡XoXambn AXnsâ t]cntem kapZmb¯nsâ t]cntem Bsc¦nepw
Bbp[saSp¯n«ps¦n AXn\hÀ am{XamWp¯chmZnIÄ. A§s\ sN¿p¶hÀ ]e
ZpjvSemt¡msSbpw {]hÀ¯n¨n«pmhmw. AXv]t£, GsX¦nepw Hcp aX hn`mK¯nsâ
{]tXyIXbmhWsa¶nÃ. aX¯nsâ {]mamWnI ]n³_etam kaql¯nse BZcWobamb
aXt\XrXz¯nsâ ]n´pWtbm AwKoImctam DÅ Hcm{IaWhpw Ct¸mgpw \S¡p¶nÃ.
Bsc¦nepw sN¿p¶ sXänsâ t]cn Ckvemw aXhpw JpÀB\pw apkvenwIfpw
sXän²cn¡s¸Sp¶psh¦n A¯c¡mÀ AXn \n¶p hn«p\n¡pIbmWv thXv. hÀ¯am\
Ime¯v \½psS hnip² aXs¯ klmbn¡m³ km[n¡p¶ {][m\amsbmcp hgnbmWXv.
hmsfSp¡p¶Xv
\ioIcW¯n\mWtÃm. PohnIfpsStbm sNSnIfpsStbm \ioIcW¯n\Ã a\pjy³
\nÀtZin¡s¸«n«pÅXv. PohnX¯nsâ hyXykvXamb L«§fn Bhiyw hcp¶ Hcp]IcWw
F¶ \nebneÃmsX hmfpw I¯nbpw Ckvemapambn _Ôs¸Sp¯n AØm\¯pÅ {]tbmK§Ä
ISp¯ A]cm[amWv.
hmfpsImpÅ
{]tIm]\anà F¶v am{XaÃ, kuP\y§Ä sImpÅ {]tem`\hpanÃ. F´pw IehdbnÃmsX
\ÂIm³ km[n¡p¶ {]]© \mY\n \n¶pÅ {]Xn^ehpw Ahsâ klmbhpaÃmsX Hcp
Xc¯nepÅ {]tem`\hpw Ckvemw {]NmcW amÀKam¡nbn«nÃ. km¼¯nI klmb§fpw
`uXnI kuIcy§fpw \ÂIn {]NmcW¯n\v t\XrXzw \ÂIp¶ aXta[mhnIfpw \½psS
\m«n hfsc ap¼p Xs¶ aX{]t_m[\w \S¯nhcp¶pv. F¶n«pw AXns\¡mÄ hym]Iamb
kzm[o\w Ckvemw t\Snbn«pv F¶XmWv A\p`hw.
C´ybnse CkvemanI
hfÀ¨¡v ]n¶n hmfmsW¶ hmZs¯ \ninXambn hnaÀin¨p sImpÅ kzman hnthIm\µsâ
{]kvXmhw {it²bamWv."apl½ZobÀ
`mcXobsc IogS¡nbXv ASn¨aÀ¯s¸«hÀ¡pw ]mh§Ä¡pw Hcp
tamN\ambn«mW\p`hs¸«Xv. A§s\bmWv \½psS BfpIfn A©nsem¶v apl½ZobcmbXv.
AsXÃmw hmfpw Xobpw sImv t\SnbXmsW¶v IcpXp¶Xv {`m´nsâ ]mcayamWv'
(hnthIm\µ kmlnXy kÀÆkzw: `mKw: 3, 186þ187).
{]tIm]\¯nsâ
hgnbneqsS a\Êns\ kzm[o\n¡m\pw BZÀi {]Xn_²XbpÅhcm ¡m\pw km[n¡pIbnÃ.
AXps]mse Xs¶ {]tem`\¯nsâ hgnbneqsS a\kv IogS¡nbm D]m[nIfpsS
e`yX¡\pkcn¨v am{Xta kvt\lhpw {]Xn_²Xbpw ImWm\mhpIbpÅq. Ckvemw a\pjycnÂ
sNep¯p¶ kzm[o\w kÀhtXm·pJamWv. Hcp k¼qÀW hyhØbmbXn\m AXnt\mSv
BßmÀYamb {]Xn_²X ]peÀ¯p¶ A\pbmbnIsfbmWXv krjvSn¡p¶Xv. AXn\p {]]©
\mY\n {]Xo£bpw Ahsâ amÀK¯nepÅ AÀ¸Whpw D]m[nbm¡n A`uXnIamb
kzm[o\amWnkvemw e£yam¡p¶Xv. AhnsS \mSy¯n\pw \ncmk¯n\pw {]kànbnÃ.
sXän²mcW BhiyanÃ
hnip² JpÀB\nsebpw
\_nhN\§fnsebpw Nne ]cmaÀi§Ä sXämbn {]Ncn¸n¨ ]e tI{µ§fpsSbpw e£yw
Ckvemw apkvenw hncp²Xbmbncp¶p. HmdnbâenÌpIfpw AhcpsS Nphcp]nSn¨v
\o§nbhcpamWXnsâ ]n¶nÂ. bYmÀY¯n A¯cw hN\§Ä _mlyambn¯s¶ hyàamb Bib
{]Imi\w \S¯p¶pv. tIheamb _Ô hntOZ\¯n\pÅ Blzm\tam AklnjvWpX hfÀ¯tem
AÃ AhbpsS e£yw. kXyhnizmknIfpsS hnizmk kwc£W¯n\pw CkvemanI kaql¯nsâ
hyànXzw \ne\n¡p¶Xn\pambn«mWv B \nÀtZi§fpmbXv. GXm\pw hN\§Ä
DZmlcW¯n\v {i²n¡pI:
"kXyhnizmknIsf
IqSmsX AhnizmknIfmb BfpIsf kXyhnizmknIÄ Däan{X§fm¡cpXv. A§s\ sN¿p¶
]£w AXv AÃmlphnsâ klmb¯n\v ]pd¯mWv; \n§Ä kpc£ tXSpIbsæn (BWnXv).
AÃmlp \n§Ä¡v Ahsâ in£sb¡pdn¨v ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂIp¶p. AÃmlphnte¡mWv (\n§fpsS)
aS¡w' (Bibw: BepCwdm³: 28).
kXyhnizmknItfmSv
kulrZw \Sn¨v AhcpsS aX]camb hnjb§fn CSs]«p Ahsc Ipg¸¯nem¡m\pÅ aZo\bnse
PqX·mcpsS {ia¯n \n¶v c£s¸Sp¶Xn\mbn Bhiys¸«v AhXcn¨ kqàamWnXv. C§s\
aX]cambn \mi\jvS§fpmIp¶ Iq«psI«pIÄ {i²n¡pI F¶Xv hnizmk kwc£W¯nsâ `mKamWv.
AXv BZÀi {]Xn_²XbpÅhcpsS kao]\amWv. Ckvemw hnizmknItfmSmhiys¸Sp¶Xv
kpZrVhpw hyàhpamb hnizmkhpw IÀahpamWv. adn¨v AhnizmknIfmb BfpIsf
sXm«pIqSm Xon¡qSm F¶Xn\ÀYanÃ.
C¯c¯nepÅ
kqà§fpsSsbÃmw hniZoIcW§fn AhbpsS kmlNcy]camb A\nhmcyX
hyàam¡s¸«n«pv. am\pjnIamb klhÀ¯n¯¯nt\m CSs]Sent\m kXyhnizmknsb
hne¡pIbà Ahsbm¶pw. hnizmk¯nsâ ssNX\yhpw kuµcyhpw \jvSs¸Sp¯mXncn¡m\pÅ
Blzm\amWm kqà§Ä \S¯p¶Xv. kmlNcy¯nsâ ISp¯ {]XnIqemhØbn t]mepw
aX]camb taÂhnemkhpw hyànXzhpw \jvSs¸Sp¯p¶ N§m¯w `qjWaÃ.
"hnizmknIsf \n§Ä
\n§sf IqSmsX (I]S hnizmknIsf) DÅpIÅnIÄ Adnbm\nShcp¶ Iq«pImcm¡cpXv.
\n§Ä¡v \miapm¡m³ km[n¡p¶ Hchkchpw AhÀ ]mgm¡pIbnÃ. \n§Ä A\p`hn¡p¶
hnjaXIÄ AhÀ¡v {]nb¦camWv. AhcpsS \mhpIfneqsS AhcpsS i{XpX
{]ISambn«pv. AhcpsS lrZbm´c§fnse CuÀjyX hfsc KpcpXcamWv. \n§Ä¡v \mw
ZrjvSm´§Ä hyàam¡n X¶n«pv. \n§Ä Nn´n¡p¶hsc¦nÂ. Fs´ \n§Ä Ahsc
kvt\ln¡pIbmtWm? AhÀ \n§sf H«pw kvt\ln¡p¶nÃ, \n§Ä JpÀB\n apgph³
hnizkn¡p¶hctÃ? (Ahtcm) \n§sf Ipap«nbm AhÀ ]dbpw, R§Ä hnizkn¨n«pv.
Ahsct¸msebpÅhtcmsSm¸w tNÀ¶m \n§tfmSpÅ CuÀjyX ImcWw AhcpsS hncepIÄ
AhÀ ISn¡p¶XmWv. (F¶mÂ) \n§Ä AhtcmSv ]dbpI. \n§fpsS tZjyhpambn \n§Ä
acWs¸t«mfq. \nÝbw AÃmlp lrZb¯nepÅsXÃmw Adnbp¶h\mWv. \n§Ä¡v hà KpWhpw
e`n¨m AXhsc ZpxJn¸n¡pw. \n§Ä¡v hà ZpcnXhpw F¯nbm AhcXn AXoh
k´pjvSnbpÅhcmIpw. (AXn\mÂ) \n§Ä £a ssIs¡mÅpIbpw `ànbpÅhcmhpIbpw
sNbvXm AhcpsS bmsXmcp hn[ IpX{´§fpw \n§Ä¡v tZmjambn `hn¡pIbnÃ.
\nÝbw AÃmlp AhÀ {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ sX´pw kkq£vaw Adnbp¶h\mWv' (Bibw: BepCwdm³:
118þ120).
kXyhnizmknItfmSv
ITn\amb shdp¸pw i{XpXbpw AhÀs¡Xnsc Ahkcw ]mÀ ¯ncn¡pIbpw sNbvXhcmb I]S
hnizmknIfpsS \ne]mSpIÄ Cu kqà§fn \n¶v hyàamWv. A¯c¡mcmb BfpIÄ¡v
kXyhnizmknIfpsS clky§fpw kzImcyXIfpw Adnbm\nS \ÂIcpsX¶ Hcp IcpXÂ
\S]SnbmWnXv. XpSÀ¶pÅ kqà¯n I]S hnizmknIÄ Ahcnse t\Xmhmb
A_vZpÃmln_v\p D_¿nsâ t\XrXz¯n DlvZv bp² kab¯v sNbvX h©\m]camb
\ne]mSv kqNn¸n¡p¶pv. aZo\sb A{Ian¡m\mbn h¶ aqhmbnct¯mfw hcp¶
tk\s¡Xnsc {]Xntcm[¯n\nd§nb apkvenw ssk\nIcn A_vZpÃmln_v\p D_¿nsâ
\S]Sn Bib¡pg¸w krjvSnt¨¡ptam F¶ AhØ hscbpmbn. ]t£, Ah\pw Ahsâ
A\pbmbnIfpaÃm¯hÀ [ocambn apt¶dpIbmbncp¶p. Npcp¡¯n NXnbpsSbpw
]IbpsSbpw ]cymbambn¯oÀ¶hsc amän\nÀ¯pI F¶ kmam\y \ne]mSv am{XamWo
kqà§fneqsS \nÀtZin¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv.
kXyhnizmknIsf kvt\lw
\Sn¨pw kulrZ heb¯nem¡nbpw BIÀjn¨v A\pkcW ioe¯ntes¡¯n¨v kXyhnizmk¯nÂ
\n¶Iäm\pÅ {iahpw AhnizmknIfn NneÀ \S¯nbncp¶p. AXn\m A¯cw
kmlNcys¯¡pdn¨v JpÀB³ ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂInbn«pv.
"hnizmknIsf, \n§Ä
AhnizmknIfmb BfpIsf A\pkcn¡p¶psh¦n AhÀ \n§sf (AXneqsS) Ckvemw aX¯nÂ
\n¶pw ]ndtIm«v aS¡pw (aX `rjvScm¡n¯oÀ¡pw). A§s\ \n§Ä
]cmPnXcmbn¯ocp¶XmWv' (Bibw: BepCwdm³: 149).
aX]cambn
\mi¯nte¡v \bn¡p¶ cq]¯nepÅ N§m¯w Dt]£n¡Wsa¶Xv A¨S¡apÅ Hcp kaql¯nsâ
ioeambncn¡Wsa¶ \nÀtZiw ]ptcmKa\]camWv. ImcWw Hcp aXkaqlw F¶Ã, atXXc
Iq«mbvaIfpw AhcpsS kzImcyXIfpw XmÂ]cy§fpw A]ISs¸SpItbm
A]lcn¡s¸SpItbm sN¿p¶Xns\Xnsc Pm{Kh¯mbncn¡pw. AXv am{Xta ChnsSbpw
ImWp¶pÅq.
kXyhnizmknIsf
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw AhcpsS lrZbw \nÀaeambn¯oÀ¶Xn\m Bsc¡pdn¨pw AhÀ¡v
tamiamb [mcWbpmbncp¶nÃ. FÃmhcpw X§sft¸mse KpWImw£nIfpw kZpt±iyapÅhcpw
Bbncn¡psa¶Xmbncp¶p AhcpsS [mcW. AXn\m hnizmknIfmbn¯ocp¶Xn\v ap¼v
Ahcpambpmbncp¶ k¼À¡¯n kzoIcn¨ncp¶ \ne]mSv XpScpIbmbncp¶p. F¶mÂ
AhnizmknIfmb A¡mes¯ P\XbpsS CuÀjyXbpw shdp¸psaÃmw AXnITn\ambncp¶p.
Ahcpambn clky§Ä ]¦nSp¶Xpw `mhnsb¡pdn¨v NÀ¨ \S¯p¶Xpw A]ISamWv hcp¯pI
F¶Xn\m AXv \ntcm[n¡pIbmWpmbXv.
Ahcpambn `uXnI
hnjb§fn Bhiyamb CS]gIen\v hntcm[apmbncp¶nÃ. \_n (kz) X§Ä h^m¯mhp¶
kab¯v AhnSps¯ ]Sb¦n Hcp PqXhym]mcnbpsS hiw ]Wb¯nembncp¶psh¶Xv CtXmSv
tNÀ¯v hmbn¡pI.
km[mcW Iq«pImÀ F¶
AÀYaà Bb¯n ]dªn«pÅ "_nXzm\'¯n\pÅXv. B ]Zw kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv Xs¶ AXoh
clky§Ä hsc hyàam¡s¸Sp¶ hn[¯nepÅ kzImcy§fn {]tXyIambn CSs]Sp¶Xn\v
kzmX{´yw e`n¡p¶ Iq«pImc³ F¶mWv.
]pdsa i{XpX
{]ISn¸n¡mXncn¡pIbpw apkvenwIÄs¡Xnsc bp²¯n AWn\nc¡pIsbm¶pw sN¿msX
AI¯v IpSn¸Ibpambn Ignbp¶hcmb P\Xsb F§s\bmWv hnizkn¡pIbpw AhcpsS
amÀKZÀi\w kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pI? _mlyamb BIÀjI kao]\w \nan¯w bp²¯nÂ
A¯c¡msc IqsS Iq«p¶Xns\¡pdn¨v hsc kXyhnizmknIÄ \_n(kz)tbmSv
kwkmcn¨Xv ImWmw. A¯c¡mcpambpÅ _Ôw tZmjIcambmWv _m[n¡pI F¶Xpd¸mWtÃm.
"AÃmlphnepw
A´y\mfnepw kXyambn hnizkn¨ P\Xsb AÃmlphnt\mSpw Ahsâ ZqXt\mSpw i{XpX
{]ISn¸n¡p¶hsc kvt\ln¡p¶hcmbn ImWm³ At§¡v km[yaÃ. AhÀ kz´w
amXm]nXm¡tfm k´m\§tfm ktlmZc§tfm IpSpw_§tfm Bbncp¶mepw' (Bibw: AÂ
apPmZe: 22).
kXyhnizmknIsf
kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw AhcpsS kvt\l`mP\§fmWv AÃmlphpw Ahsâ ZqXcpw. AXv AhcpsS
kXyhnizmk¯nsâ tX«amWv Xm\pw. AXn\m Xs¶ AhtcmSpÅ i{XpX BcpsS `mK¯v
\n¶mbmepw hnizmkn¡Xv Aklyambncn¡pw. kz´w t\Xmhns\bpw t{]a`mP\s¯bpw
A]ISs¸Sp¯m\pw AhaXn¡m\pw {iaw \S¯p¶htcmSv kvt\l_Ôw \ne\nÀ¯m³
km[n¡pIbnsöXv a\pjy{]IrX¯nsâ kzm`mhnIXbmWv. hnizmkhpw BZchpw
kvt\lhpw F{Xam{Xambncn¡ptam AXn\\pkrXambncn¡pw kao]\¯nsâ ITn\
emLhXz§Ä.
AÃmlphnsâbpw
XncpZqXcpsSbpw ]hn{XXbpw alXzhpw AhaXn¡p¶ \ne]m sSSp¡p¶htcmsSms¡ Cu
\ne]msSSp¡mt\ hnizmkn¡v km[n¡q. F¶m i{XpX ]p eÀ¯pItbm Ahkc§ft\zjn¨v
AklnjvWpX ImWn¡pItbm sN¿m¯ kpa\kvIcmb BfpItfmSpÅ kao]\¯n\v Ckvemw
hnet¡Às¸Sp¯nbn«nÃ.
amCZm kqd¯nse 51þmw
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