Ckvemanse [mÀanI hyhØ

hÀKobXsb´n\v?

hnimeamb AÀY¯n CkvemanI k¼qÀWXbpsS A]c\maambncn¡pw [mÀanI hyhØ. AXnsâ {]mtbmKnI kao]\ coXnIÄ BXy´nIambn kÀhtemI kam[m\hpw kpØnXnbpamWv XmÂ]cys¸Sp¶Xv.

Xm³ \nan¯w H¶pw Hcmfpw IjvSXb\p`hn¡cpsX¶v FÃmhcpw \nÝbn¡pIbpw XZ\pkrXw Pohn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XneqsS kam[m\hpw kpØnXnbpap­mhpw. klhmk¯nsâbpw AbÂhmk¯nsâbpw ]cn]Izamb kwc£Ww hgn CXv km[n¡psa¶Xn\v IqSpX sXfnshm¶pamhiyanÃ. Hmtcmcp¯cpw X\n¡v kn²ambn«pÅ A\p{Kl tijn hntijXIÄ A]c\v IqSn KpWIcamb hn[¯n hn\ntbmKn¡Wsa¶mWv CkvemanI ]mTw.

KpW]camb kao]\anÃmXncn¡pI F¶XpXs¶ Hcp Xc¯n AcpXm¯XmWv. F¦n ]ns¶ tZmjIcamb kao]\w AXncq£amb A]cm[ambn¯ocp¶XmsW¶Xn kwibanÃ. Ckvemansâ [mÀanI kao]\¯nsâ ASnØm\ \nÀt±i§fpÄs¡mÅp¶ JpÀB\nI kqà§fn \n¶pw DZmlcW¯n\v:

"\n§Ä AÃmlphn\v C_mZ¯v sN¿pI. Aht\mSv \n§Ä H¶ns\bpw ]¦v tNÀ¡cpXv. amXm]nXm¡Ä, ASp¯ IpSpw_¡mÀ, A\mYIÄ, AKXnIÄ, IpSpw_ _ÔapÅtXm AÃm¯tXm Bb AbÂhmknIÄ, klhmknIÄ, hgnbm{XnIÀ, \n§fpsS A[o\XbnepÅhÀ F¶nhÀ¡v \n§Ä KpWw sN¿pI' (Bibw, A¶nkmAv: 36).

hnizmknItfmSv AhcpsS PohnX¯nse kp{][m\ ZuXyamb AÃmlphn\v C_mZ¯v sN¿pI F¶Xn\pÅ IÂ]\bpw Gähpw henb Xn·bmb _lpssZh hnizmk¯nte¡v hgpXn hogp¶Xns\XnscbpÅ Xm¡oXpw \ÂIp¶tXmsSm¸amWv KpW]camb kao]\¯n\mbpÅ \nÀtZiw. AXn \n¶p Xs¶ AXnsâ {]m[m\yhpw Kuchhpw a\Ênem¡m³ km[n¡p¶p.

amXmhv, ]nXmhv, IpSpw_¡mÀ, A\mY, AKXn, AbÂhmkn, klhmkn, ASnaIÄ (sXmgnemfnIÄ) Cu GsX¦nepw Hcp hn`mK¯n s]Sm¯hcpambn \½psS k¼À¡¯nsâ coXnimkv{Xw hnhcnt¡­XmhiyanÃ. k¼À¡s¸Sm³ km[yXbpÅhtcmsSms¡ KpWw am{Xw sN¿pI F¶ \nÀtZiw kmÀh{XnIamb KpW^e hnXcW¯n\pÅ Blzm\w Xs¶bmWv. AYhm kÀhÀ¡pw KpWw sN¿Wsa¶Xv JpÀB\nsâ ASnØm\ \nÀtZi§fn s]Sp¶p. C_mZ¯v t]msebpw XuloZv t]m sebpw {][m\amWXv. D]cnkqà¯nse AbÂhmknIsf hnhcn¡p¶ `mK¯v IpSpw_ _ÔapÅhcpw AÃm¯hcpamb AbÂhmknIÄ F¶Xn\p ]Icw apkvenwIfpw AapkvenwIfpamb AbÂhmknIÄ F¶mWv A_q CkvlmJv(d) hnhcn¡p¶Xv (X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ 1/645).

AbÂhmknIsf AhcpambpÅ _Ôhpw ASp¸hpw ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n aq¶mbn hn`Pn¨psIm­v \_n(kz) X§Ä ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI.

"AbÂhmknIÄ aq¶v hn`mKamWv. HcpXcw AhImiapÅhcmWv H¶mas¯ hn`mKw. ChcmWv AbÂhmknIfn AhImiw IpdªhÀ. c­v AhImiapÅhcmWv c­m as¯ hn`mKw. aq¶v Xcw AhImiapÅhcmWv aq¶mas¯ hn`mKw. ChcmWv AbÂhmknIfn apJyamb AhImiapÅhÀ.'

Hcp Xcw AhImiapÅ AbÂhmkn F¶m _lpssZh hnizmknbmb (Ahnizmknbmb) _ÔphÃm¯ AbÂhmknbmWv. Ah\v AbÂhmkw F¶ Hcp AhImiap­v. c­v Xcw AhImiapÅh³ apkvenamb(_ÔphÃm¯) AbÂhmknbmWv. Ah\v Ckvemw F¶Xpw AbÂhmkw F¶Xpamb c­v AhImiap­v. aq¶v AhImiapÅhÀ IpSpw_ _ÔapÅ apkvenamb AbÂhmknbmWv. Ah\v kXyhnizmkw, AbÂhmkw, IpSpw_ _Ôw F¶o AhImi§fp­v (X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ 1/647).

AbÂhmkn F¶ \nebn am\pjnIamb AhImi§fn Ahnizmknbpw hnizmknbpw Hcpt]msebmsW¶Xn\v Cu lZokpw D]cypà JpÀB³ hymJym\hpw sXfnhmWv. AbÂhmknIfpambpÅ _Ôw \Ã\nebn \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn\mbn Bhiys¸Sp¶ [mcmfw lZokpIfp­v. AXn\v AbÂhmknbmIpI F¶Xv am{XamWSnØm\w. Cu KpW]camb kao]\¯n\v ]Icw D]{ZhIcamb AhØbn s]cpamdnbm AXnsâ ]cnWnXnsb¡pdn¨v \_n(kz) X§Ä Xm¡oXv \ÂIp¶p­v.

Hcn¡Â \_n(kz) X§Ä C§s\ ]dªp: "AÃmlphmWv, HcmÄ ]qÀW kXyhnizmknbmInÃ, HcmÄ ]qÀW kXyhnizmknbmInÃ, HcmÄ ]cn]qÀW kXyhnizmknbmInÃ.' (CXv aq¶p {]mhiyw BhÀ¯n¨t¸mÄ) kzlm_nIÄ tNmZn¨p: "BcmWh³?' \_n(kz) ]dªp: "Xsâ AbÂhmkn, Xsâ Xn·bn \n¶pw c£s¸Sm¯h\mbh³ BWv' (I³kp D½mÂ: 24922).

c­v AbÂhmknIfn Hmtcmcp¯cpw A]csâ AXn{Ia¯n \n¶pw AhnlnXamb CSs]Sen \n¶pw c£s¸«ncn¡Ww. A{Iatam A\ÀYtam ImWn¡p¶ AbÂhmknbpsS kXyhnizmk¯nsâ ]qÀWXbn IpdhpÅh\msW¶mWnXnsâ AÀYw. kXyhnizmkw AbÂhmk _Ô¯nsâ kpØnXn Bhiys¸Sp¶XmsW¶v CXn \n¶v hyàamWv. A]ct\mSpw klPohnItfmSpw am\yamb kao]\w \S¯m\pÅ Blzm\t¯msSm¸w AXnsâ hn]coX km[yX Ahkm\n¸n¡m\mhiyamb \nÀtZi§fpw \ÂIpIbmWnkvemw.

\à _Ôw \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn\v {]Xn_Ôamhp¶ FÃm kmlNcy§sfbpw Hgnhm¡m³ hnizmkn _m[yØ\mWv. kmlNcy]camb Zpc\p`h§Ä t]mepw Akam[m\¯n\pw A{Ia¯n\pw ImcWamIcpsX¶mWv JpÀBsâ \nÀtZiw. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:

"\n§sf akvPnZp ldmans\ sXm«v XSªncn¡p¶p F¶ ImcW¯mÂ, \n§Ä¡v Hcp P\XtbmSpÅ CuÀjyX \n§Ä AXn{Iaw ImWn¡p¶Xn\v ImcWamhcpXv. \n§Ä KpW¯nepw `ànbnepw ]ckv]cw klImcnIfmhpI. Xn·bnepw AXn{Ia¯nepw \n§Ä klImcnIfmhcpXv. \n§Ä AÃmlphns\ kq£n¡pI. \nÝbw AÃmlp (AXn{IanIÄ¡v) ITn\ in£ \ÂIp¶h\mWv' (Bibw: A amCZ: 2).

lnPvd Bdmw hÀjw \_n(kz) X§fpw A\pNccpw Dwd \nÀhln¡m\mbn a¡bnte¡v ]p ds¸SpIbp­mbn. hgnbn lpssZ_nbbn sh¨v Ahsc a¡¡mcmb BfpIÄ XSªp. Dwd \nÀhln¡m\\phZn¨nÃ. hfsc henb XmÂ]cyt¯msS X§fpsS t\Xmhnsâ IqsS ]cnip²amsbmcp XoÀYbm{X \S¯p¶hsc AImcWambn XSªmep­mhp¶ {]Xntj[hpw CuÀjyXbpw F´mbncn¡pw. C§s\ XSbs¸« AhØbnepÅ kzlm_m¡tfmSmWv JpÀB³ AXn{Iaw AcpsX¶v ]dbp¶Xv. kam[m\ `wK¯nsâ Hcp kmlNcy¯n\pw \mw ImcWamhcpsX¶mIp¶p AXnse ]mTw.

bYmÀY¯n A\nhmcyamb bp²m\paXn¡v tijw \mev hÀjw IgnªmWo kw`hw \S¶Xv. CXn \n¶v \aps¡mcp Imcyw a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. \mw ap¶n«nd§nb Hcp Imcyw {]£p_vZmhØbnte¡v \o§psa¶mbm AXhkm\n¸n¡m³ \mw Xs¶bmWv AÂ]w XymKw klnt¡­Xv.

kmlNcy]camb ]cnanXnIÄ \ne\n¶mepw hyàn]camb sImÅs¡mSp¡epIfnepw kao]\ k¼À¡§fnepw \oXn \S¸m¡pI F¶Xv FÃmhÀ¡pw _m[yXbmWv. k¼qÀWamb kmaqly \oXn¡v AXnsâ kmlNcy]camb H¯pIqSepIÄ th­n ht¶¡pw. F¶m sshbànIamb hnjb¯n HcmÄ¡v \oXnam\mhp¶Xn\v XSÊsam¶panÃm¯XmWv. A]csâ kao]\¯nse A]IzXIÄ Aht\mSv CuÀjyXbpw AI¨bpw D­m¡nsb¶m Xs¶bpw \½psS kao]\ coXn \oXn]qÀhIambncn¡Ww.

"hnizmknIsf \n§Ä AÃmlphn\v th­n \oXnbpsS km£nIfmbn Imcy\nÀhmlIcmhpI. Hcp P\XtbmSv \n§Ä¡pÅ CuÀjyX AhtcmSv \n§Ä \oXn sN¿mXncn¡p¶Xn\v t{]cn¸n¡mXncn¡s«. \n§Ä \oXn sN¿pI. AXv XJvhtbmtSähpw ASp¯XmWv. \n§Ä AÃmlphns\ kq£n¡pI. \nÝbw AÃmlp \n§Ä sN¿p¶sXÃmw kkq£vaw Adnbp¶h\mWv' (Bibw: A amCZ: 8).

\oXnbpsS kwØm]\w hnizmknbpsS ZuXyamsW¶ncns¡ AXn\v XSÊambn H¶pap­m bn¡qsS¶v am{Xaà Hcp XSÊhpw AXnsâ \nÀhlW¯n kzm[o\n¡m\pw ]mSnÃ. X\n¡v CuÀjyXbpÅ Hcp P\XbpsS hnjb¯nembncp¶m t]mepw A\oXn A\phZ\obaÃ.

CXc aXhnizmknItfmSS¡w \oXn]qÀhIhpw A{IaclnXhpambn s]cpamdpI F¶Xv Ckvemanse [mÀanI hyhØbpsS {][m\ `mKamWv. Cu \oXn \nÀhlW¯n AXpeyamb amXrIIÄ D¯acmb {]hmNIm\pbmbnIfpsSbpw tijap­mb apkvenw `cWm[nImcnIfpsSbpw Ncn{X¯n [mcmfw ImWm³ km[n¡pw.

A]Izamb kao]\§fpw AXncpIS¶ Bt£]§fpanÃmsX tIÄ¡m\pw Adnbm\pw Nn´n¡m\pw Ahkcw \ÂIp¶ {]t_m[\ coXnbmWv \mahew_nt¡­Xv. {]t_m[nXcn CuÀjyXbpw \ockhpw i{XpXbpw D­m¡p¶ kao]\§Ä hn]coX ^eamWpfhm¡pI.

"AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯nte¡v bpànZo£tbmsSbpw kZp]tZit¯msSbpw £Wn¡pI' (Bibw: A¶lvÂ: 125).

{]t_m[nXcn A\pIqe {]Xn^e\ap­m¡p¶Xn\p]Icn¡p¶ hn[w HuNnXyt_m[t¯msS lrZblmcnbmb D]tZi§fmWv {]t_m[I³ \St¯­Xv. Hcp hnizmknsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Ahsâ PohnXw Xs¶ {]t_m[t\m·pJambncn¡Ww. FÃmhcpw {]m]nt¡­ kÂhgn Xm³ ImcWw HcmÄ¡\yambn¯ocmsX {i²n¡Ww. Cu kqà¯n Xs¶ XpSÀ¶p ]dbp¶ Imcy§Ä {]t_m[Isâ kao]\ imkv{XamWv.

_lpssZh hnizmknIsf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Ah³ AÃmlphn\v \ÂtI­ kvt\lmZc§Ä AhcpsS ssZh§Ä¡v \ÂIp¶hcmWv. AXn\m AhcpsS ssZh§sf Bt£]n¡p¶Xv Ahcn X¯peyamb {]XnIcW§fp­m¡pw. B {]Xn{]hÀ¯\¯nsâ kmlNcyw CÃmXm¡p¶Xn\mWv hnizmkn {iant¡­Xv.

"a\pjycn AÃmlphns\ IqSmsX Ah\v ka·msc D­m¡p¶hcp­v. AhÀ AÃmlphns\ kvt\lnt¡­Xpt]mse Ahsb kvt\ln¡p¶p. F¶m kXyhnizmknIÄ AÃmlphns\ AXnbmbn kvt\ln¡p¶hcmWv' (Bibw: A _Jd: 165). AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:

"AÃmlphns\ IqSmsX AhÀ Bcm[n¡p¶ ssZh§sf \n§Ä Zpjn¨v ]dbcpXv. At¸mÄ AhÀ AÚX ImcWw i{XpXtbmsS AÃmlphns\bpw Zpjn¨p ]dbpw' (Bibw: A A³Bw: 108).

apkvenansâ kwkvImcsa§s\bmbncn¡Wsa¶Xn\pÅ hn[nhne¡pIfnsem¶mWnXv. Hcp Xc¯nepÅ AklymhØbpw {]XymLmX tlXphpw krjvSn¡cpXv F¶mWv \maXn \n¶pw a\Ênemt¡­Xv. Cu kqàw hniZoIcn¨psIm­v C_v\p IkoÀ(d) FgpXp¶p:

"AÃmlp XncpZqXscbpw kXyhnizmknIsfbpw _lpssZh hnizmknIfpsS ssZhs¯ Zpjn¨v ]dbp¶Xv hne¡nbmWnXv ]dªncn¡p¶Xv. AXn F´p KpWaps­¦nepw AXn\mepÅ tZmjw AXnt\¡mÄ KpcpXcambXmWv. AYhm _lpssZh hnizmknIÄ kXyhnizmknIfpsS Cemlmb AÃmlphns\ Zpjn¨v ]dªv AXnt\mSv {]XnIcn¡m\nShcpw' (C_v\p IkoÀ 2/221).

aX]camb hnjb§fnemWv Asæn BZÀi]camWv apkvenw Aapkvenw hyXymkapÅXv. AXnsâ ImXemWv AÃmlphnepÅ hnizmkw. AXpambn _Ôs¸«v t]m epw AlnXambXn\v ImcWamIcpXv F¶mWv \nÀtZin¡p¶Xv. CXc aXhnizmknIfmb BfpItfmSv AhcpsS kao]\ coXnbpsS KpWtZmj§Ä¡\pkcn¨pw kmlNcy¯n\\pkcn¨pw s]cpamdm\mWv CkvemanI ]mT§fpÅXv. kXyhnizmknbà F¶ Hä am\ZWvV¯n Aht\mSv {]tXyIambn Hcp hntcm[¯nsâ kao]\ coXnbnÃ. s]mXphmb Nne \nÀtZi§fmWpÅXv. AXv A¨S¡]qÀWamb Hcp kaql krjvSn¡v A\nhmcyambXmWvXm\pw. "Ckvemapw hmfpw' F¶ A[ymbw hmbn¡pI.

BZÀi Xo{hX

GsXmcmZÀi¯n hnizkn¡p¶h\mbmepw AXn hfsc hyàhpw IWnihpamb \ne]mSp­mbncn¡pI kzm`mhnIamWv. Cu ZrVamb hnizmks¯ tNmZyw sNt¿­XnÃ. Xm³ AwKoIcn¡p¶ BZÀi¯n IWniXbpw {]Xn_²Xbpw D­mbncn¡pI F¶XmWv BßmÀYamb kao]\w.

AIw sIm¯nsh¨ hnizmkhpw ]pdw {]Jym]n¡p¶Xpw c­mhp¶Xv ip² Im]SyamWv. hnizkn¡p¶Xnepw A\pjvTn¡p¶XnepsaÃmw \njvIÀjamb \ne]mSmWv kXyhnizmkn kzoIcnt¡­Xv. Xsâ BZÀihpw BNmchpw IWniambn¯s¶ ]men¡p¶XnepÅ \njvIÀj kzm`mhnIamWv. hyàamb Hcp N«¡qSpw hyhØbpapÅ kwLS\Ifnsems¡bpw CXv \nehnepÅXmWv. A¨S¡ \nba§Ä {]Jym]n¡pIbpw AXv AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xnsâ t]cn Bcpw FXnÀ¡s¸tS­XnÃ.

PohnXw F§s\bpamhmw F¶ \ne]mSv hnizmkn¡v `qjWaÃ. PohnX¯nsâ apgph³ taJeIfnepw bpàamb \nÀtZi§fpambn hnip² icoA¯nsâ km¶n[yap­v. AXdnbpIbpw A\phÀ¯n¡pIbpw sN¿m\pÅ {iaw hnizmknIfn \n¶p­mhWw. AXv auenImhImihpamWv. AXn Abhv hcp¯p¶Xn\v Bcpw Bscbpw \nÀ_Ônt¡­XnÃ.

Hcp BZÀi kaqlambncn¡pI F¶ kXyhnizmknIfpsS B{Klw k^eamhp¶Xn\v, kmaqlyamb A[nImcap­mbncn¡Wsa¶v hmin ]nSnt¡­XnÃ. kmlNcyamb ]cnanXnIfn \n¶pXs¶ Bt]£nIamb ]cn]qÀWX CkvemanIambn t\Sm³ km[n¡psa¶XmWv apkvenansâ {]tXyIX. kmlNcy]camb A\pIqeX CÃm¯Xn\mÂ, AXv Bhiyamb hn[nhnt[bXz¯nsâ Imcy¯n kXyhnizmkn Ipä¡mc\mbn¯ocp IbnÃ. ASnØm\ kuIcy§fp­mbn«pw AekXbpw Aew`mhhpw \nan¯ap­mhp¶ \njv{InbXzhpw IrXyhntem]hpamWv Bt£]mÀlamhp¶Xv.

kmaqlyamb kpØnXn¡v \nÀtZin¡s¸«n«pÅ Imcy§Ä \S¸m¡p¶Xn\v AÀlXbpÅ t\Xr km¶n[yap­mbncn¡Ww. AXnÃm¯ kµÀ`§fn kaql¯nsâ s]mXphmb kao]\ coXntbmSnW§pI am{Xta _mlyambn km[n¡pIbpÅq. F¶m hyàn tI{µoIrXamb knhn \nba§fnepw A\pjvTm\ BNmc apdIfnepsaÃmw IWniX A\nhmcyamWv. 

CkvemanI \nÀtZi§fpw s]cpam䨫§fpw AwKoIcn¨mWv hnizmkn Pohnt¡­Xv. AXhKWn¡p¶Xv henb ]mXIamWv. [n¡mc]camb kao]\w \S¯p¶htcmSpÅ kao]\coXnbpw hyàam¡s¸«XmWv. Hcp aX¯nse AwKambncns¡ AXnsâ PohnX{Iaw A\pkcn¡mXncn¡p¶Xv A¨S¡ ewL\amWv. A¨S¡ ewL\w \S¯p¶hsc amän \nÀ¯pI F¶Xv s]mXpsh kzoImcyamb \S]SnbmWv.

AXpsIm­v apkvenamhpI F¶m PohnXs¯ CkvemanIam¡emWv. kz´w XmÂ]cy¯n\mbn AXn Xncpt¯m ISt¯m \S¯p¶Xv alm]mXIamWv. AÃmlphnsâ aX¯nsâ \nba§Ä Xncp¯m³ BÀ¡pw HchImihpanÃ. hnip² Ckveman Xncp¯Â hmZhpambn cwK¯v h¶hsc apkvenw kaqlw KpWtZmjn¡p¶Xpw hnaÀin¡p¶XpanXn\memWv. Ckvemansâ t]cn F´pamhmsa¶ \ne]mSv BXy´nIambn Ckvemansâ ssNX\yw sISp¯p¶XmWv.

kzX{´amb AkvXnXzapÅXn\m a\pjyÀ¡v GXv Xc¯nepÅ aX§fpw PohnX coXnIfpw Ahew_n¡phm³ Ignbp¶XmWv. AXn\v aXs¯ Xncp¯pItbm AXn IS¯n¡q«pItbm sNt¿­XnÃ. X§fpw CjvSwt]mse Hcp aXw Øm]n¡mhp¶XmWv. AXÃmsX apkvenambn Adnbs¸SpIbpw thWw. PohnX¯n X¶njvS hgn Ahew_n¡pIbpw thWsa¶Xv icnbÃ. C\n Ckvemansâ t]cn \ne\n¡p¶psh ¶hImis¸Sp¶Xn\m bYmÀY hnizmknIfn \n¶v FXnÀ¸v CÃmXncn¡pIbpanÃ. ImcWw kz´w aXhpw BZÀihpw sXän²cn¸n¡s¸Sp¶Xv s]mdp¡m\mhm¯XmWv.

kXyhnizmk hgnbn ZrVNn¯cpw kÂIÀanIfpambncn¡Wsa¶v hnip² JpÀB³ \nÀtZin¡p¶p."hnizmknIsf \n§Ä hnizmk¯n kpØncamhpI, ZrVhnizmkn IfmhpI' (Bibw: A¶nkmAv: 136).

hnizmknIfmb P\XtbmSv ho­pw hnizkn¡p¶Xn\pÅ Blzm\w hnizmk¯nsâ ZrVXbpw Xo{hXbpw \ne\nÀ¯m\pÅ IÂ]\bmWv. kXyhnizmk¯nepÅ ZmÀVyXbpsS ^eambp­mbn¯otc­ kao]\ coXnIfpw Ckvemw ]Tn¸n¡p¶p­v. BZÀi \ncmk¯n\v \nan¯ambn¯ocpw hn[apÅ klhÀ¯n¯hpw klIcWhpw hÀPn¡m\mhiys¸Sp¶p. ]hn{Xambn kpc£nXamth­ BZÀis¯ Ahnip² Iq«psI«v hgn A]IS¯nem¡cpXv. AXypZmcamb kao]\ coXnIfhew_n¡p¶XneqsS kp`{Zhpw IWnihpamb Hcmib¯nsâ ssNX\yw \in¸n¡s¸Sp¶ ØnXnhntijw D­mhm³ ]m SnÃm¯XmWv.

CkvemanImZÀis¯ tIheamb \nba \nÀtZi§fpsS KW¯nte¡v hen¨ng¡s¸Sp¶ kmlNcyw hnizmkn¡nW§nbXÃ. AXn\m Xs¶ CkvemanI IÀaimkv{X¯nse sshhmlnI‏þBcm[\m\pjvTm\ \nba§fpsS Imcy¯n aX]chpw BZÀi]chpamb ]mckv]cyhpw s]mcp¯hpw A\nhmcyambpw {i²n¨ncn¡Ww. CkvemanI ]mT§Ä ]men¡p¶Xnse Cu IWniX bYmÀY¯n Xo{hhmZsat¶m aX auenI hmZsat¶m hnfn¡s¸«mepw Csænepw hnizmk t{]màamWv. AXn\m AXns\ Xo{ht_m[sat¶m Xo{h hnizmksat¶m BZÀi {]Xn_²X Ft¶m bYmÀY hmZsat¶m atäm hnfn¡mw. AXv hyàn tI{µoIrXhpw asämcmÄ¡v hnjaw krjvSn¡m¯Xpamb kao]\amWv. A]ct\mSv A{Iaw ImWn¡m\pw AklnjvWphmIm\pw t{]cn¸n¡p¶ hn[w Cu \ne]mSn\v AhØm´cw kw`hn¨n«ps­¦n AXv FXnÀ¡s¸tS­XpamWv.

ChnsS {]tXyIw {it²bamsbmcp Imcyap­v. \ap¡nSbn cwK¯v h¶n«pÅ Xo{hhmZ \ne]mSpIfpÅ {]Øm\§fn tNt¡dp¶hscms¡ {ItaW BZÀi]camb Imcy§fn AgpsImg¼³ \ne]mSpImcmbn¯ocp¶p­v. t\cs¯ A\pjvTn¨Xpw BNcn¨ncp¶Xpamb Imcy§fn XmÂ]cyw Ipdbp¶Xmbpw, AXn\v th­nbpÅ {]NmcW {]hÀ¯\§fn ]¦mfnbmhmXncn¡pIbpw AXns\XnscbpÅ {]hÀ¯\§sf \nÊwKXtbmsS ho£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hcmbn¯ocp¶p.

A§s\ BZÀi]cambn D­mth­nbncp¶ {]Xn_²X¡v ]Icw BZÀi \ncmk¯nsâ AhØ hsc h¶ptNcp¶p­v. t\XrXzw ]dªv ]Tn¸n¨Xne¸pdw H¶pw Nn´n¨pIqsS¶ \nÀ_Ô _p²nbmW\pbmbnIÄ¡v. A]mbIcamb BZÀi jWvVoIcW¯n\p hnt[ bcmbn¯ocp¶hÀ ^e¯n BXy´nIamb Bßob \mis¯ hcn¡p¶psh¶Xv tJZIcamWv. AXn\m CkvemanI hnizmkt¯mSpÅ {]Xn_²Xbà Bscbpw `oIchmZnIfm¡p¶sX¶v hnebncp¯mw.

klnjvWpX

hyXykvX aXkwkvImc hn`mK§Ä \ne\n¡pt¼mÄ AhÀ¡nSbn kv]À²bpw Ielhpw D­mhmXncn¡p¶Xn\mhiyamb \nba \nÀtZi§f\nhmcyamWv. AhcpsS aX hnImcw {hWs¸Sp¯mXncn¡m³ Hmtcmcp¯cpw {ian¡pIbmWXn\pÅ amÀKw. Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw Ah\h\pambn _Ôs¸«sX´pw hfsc \ymbhpw bpàhpambncn¡pw. AXn\m kz´w hnizmk¯nsâbpw BZÀi¯nsâbpw A´xk¯ tNmÀ¶p t]m hm¯hn[w ]caX hnizmknIfpambn _Ôs¸Sp¶XmWv A`nImayw. kz´w aXmZÀi§fpsS N«¡q«n A¨S¡t¯msS Pohn¡pt¼mÄ Xs¶ AXn\v km[n¨ncn¡Ww.

kam[m\ ]qÀWamb kmaqly kmlNcyw XoÀ¡m\mbn \mKcnIX CXv Bhiys¸Sp¶p­v. hnip² Ckvemw \mKcnIXbpsS t{kmXÊmsW¶Xn\m AImcWhpw A]Izhpambn HcpXcw CSs]Sepw A\phZn¡p¶nÃ. kmlNcy]camb ImcW§fmep­mbn¯ocp¶ Akv]riyXIÄ Xs¶ AcpXmbva sN¿m³ t{]cWbmhcpsX¶mWnkvemanI ]mTw. kaql¯nse apgph³ hn`mK§fpw IWniambpw XtâsXÃmw icnsb¶v IcpXp¶tXmsSm¸w A]c\n AXv ASnt¨Â¸n¡mXncn¡m³ {iant¡­Xp­v. AXpt]mse A]csâ Bcm[\m\pjvTm\apdItfmSv AklnjvWphmbn¯oÀ¶v AXv XSp¡mt\m XIÀ¡mt\m {ian¡cpXv. Hcp aXtam BZÀitam sh¨p ]peÀ¯p¶hÀ \nÀan¡pIbpw \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw sN¿p¶ kwhn[m\§Ä AhcpÅ Imet¯mfw \ne\nÂt¡­Xp­v. AXnsâ BfpIÄ AtXsäSp¡mt\m kwc£n¡mt\m CÃmXmbm kzm`mhnIamb amä§fp­mhpI F¶Xv AXnsâ kwc£W¯n\mhiyamWvXm\pw.

CkvemanI Jnem^¯nsâ A[o\Xbnep­mbncp¶ cmPy§fn At\Iw PqX ss{I kvXh tZhmeb§Ä \ne\n¶ncp¶p F¶Xv Ncn{X¯n ImWmw. Hcp {]tZi¯v A[nImcap­mhpI F¶Xv B {]tZis¯ FÃmw XIÀ¡p¶Xn\pÅ AÀlXbmbn ImWp¶Xv ImS¯amWv. `qcn]£sa¶tXm \yq\]£sa¶tXm ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbà Hcp hn`mK¯nsâ \ne\n¸pw auenImhImi§fpw Xocpam\n¡s¸tS­Xv. adn¨v \ne\n¡p¶Xpw A\p`hn¡p¶Xpamb kzmX{´y¯nsâ hnjb¯n kpc£ \ÂIs¸tS­Xp­v.

aX]camb sshPmXysamcn¡epw Iel \nan¯ambn¯occpXv. \·bpsS hgnbn klIcn¡phm\pw Xn·bpsS hgnbn klIcn¡mXncn¡m\pw JpÀB³ \nÀtZin¡p¶p­v. kqd¯p amCZbnse c­mw kqà¯nsâ Bibhpw ]Ým¯ehpw \s½ CXnte¡mWv amÀKZÀi\w \S¯p¶Xv.

alm\mb dkqÂ(kz)X§Ä AhnSps¯ hnShm§Â {]kwK¯n Pohsâbpw cà¯nsâbpw k¼¯nsâbpw ]hn{XX Im¯pkq£n¡m³ iàambn Blzm\w sNbvXn«p­v. aXPmXn ]cnKW\IÄ¡XoXambn¯s¶ CXn\v AÀYhym]vXnbp­v. kXyhnizmknbpsS PohnX¯nsâ {]Xy£`mhw Hcn¡epw Ah\n \n¶pw klPohnIsf AIäm³ ImcWamhcpXv. kt´mjhpw emfnXyhpw kpXmcyXbpw ]Icp¶ PohnX ioeamWv apkvenw Ahew_nt¡­Xv.

\_n(kz) ]dbp¶p: "\n§Ä kpXmcyam¡pI, k¦oÀWam¡cpXv. \n§Ä kt´mjn¸n¡pI, shdp¸n¡cpXv' (apkvenw: 1732).

Xms\mcp hnizmknbmsW¶Xn\m Ahnizmknbpambn an­n¡qSm IqSn¡qSm Fs¶mcp \ncmk \ne]mSnse¯pI F¶Xv hnizmknioeaÃ. aX]camb hnjb§fn AhnizmknItfmSv ]¦mhp¶Xv am{Xta hne¡s¸«n«pÅq. ImcWw Hcp aXsa¶ \ne¡v kXyhnizmkn AwKoIcn¡p¶ Ckvemw Hcp k¼qÀW hyhØbmsW¶Xn\m asäs´¦nepw ]pdsa \n¶v kzoIcnt¡­ BhiyaXn\nÃ. AXn\m aX]camb NS§pIÄ, aXw ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nb aäp A\nhmcyamb Imcy§Ä ChbnseÃmw apkvenw Ckvemw A\pkcn¨v am{Xta CSs]Smhq. F¶m am\pjnIhpw ssPhnIhpamb sImÅs¡mSp¡epIfn aX\nba§Ä AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶ ØnXnbnÃmsX ]ckv]cw KpWw sNbvXpw klIcn¨pw Xs¶bmWv Igntb­Xv. A]cÀ¡v auenI kzmX{´yw hIsh¨v sImSp¡m³ FÃmhcpw X¿mdmhWw. aX]camb hyXncnàX kwc£n¡m\mhiyamb amXrI D]tZin¨ DSs\ AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:

"aXhnjb¯n \n§tfmSv bp²w sN¿m¯hcpw \n§fpsS hoSpIfn \n¶pw \n§sf  ]pd¯m¡nbn«panÃm¯hÀ¡v \n§Ä KpWw sN¿p¶Xpw AhtcmSv \oXn]qÀÆw s]cpamdp¶Xpw AÃmlp \n§tfmSv hne¡nbn«nÃ. \nÝbw AÃmlp \oXn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶hsc CjvSs¸Sp¶h\mWv' (Bibw: A apwXln\: 8).

GXv aX¡mc\pw Cu \ne]mSv kzoIcn¡m³ km[n¡p¶XmWv. k¦oÀWXIÄ CXnenÃ. \mKcnI kaql¯nsâ kam[m\¯n\pw kpØnXn¡pw CXv KpWIcamsW¶ Imcy¯n kwibanÃ.

\_n(kz) X§fpsS PohnX ]mT¯nepw Jeo^amcpsS PohnX¯nepw \ap¡nXn\v Dt]m Â_eIamb [mcmfw kw`h§Ä ImWm³ km[n¡pw.

kpama(d) kXyhnizmkm\´cw Dwd \nÀhln¡m³ a¡s¯¯nbt¸mÄ a¡¡mcmb AhnizmknIÄ At±ls¯, Xms\mcp \m«p {]apJ\mbn«p t]mepw aÀ±n¡pIbp­mbn. a¡bnte¡v tKmX¼v F¯nbncp¶Xv kpama(d)hnsâ \m«n \n¶mbncp¶p. Xs¶ a¡¡mÀ B{Ian¨Xn {]Xntj[n¨v tKmX¼v hnXcWw At±lw \nÀ¯nsh¨p. AhÀ ]«nWn sIm­v s]mdpXnap«n. \_n(kz) X§tfmSv klmbn¡m\mhiys¸«p. A§s\ \_n (kz) Bhiys¸«X\pkcn¨v kpama(d)hnsâ \m«n \n¶pw a¡¡mÀ¡v ho­pw tKmX¼v F¯n¯pS§n. CXv Hcp DZmlcWamWv. CXc aXhnizmknItfmSv \_n(kz) A\phÀ¯n¨ \ne]mSv hfsc hyàamb Ncn{XamWv.

AXn\m Hcp kXyhnizmknsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw CXc aXhnizmknItfmSv AklnjvWphmbn¯ocm³ km[n¡nÃ. AXn\v BÀs¡¦nepw DÄhnfnbp­mhp¶psh¦n AXv ss]imNnIamb ZpÀt_m[\amWv F¶XmWv bmYmÀYyw. ImcWw \à kao]\¯n\mbn Blzm\tam {]tNmZ\tam \ÂIp¶ JpÀB\nI kqà§fhkm\n¡p¶Xv KpWw sN¿p¶hsc AÃmlp CjvSs¸Sp¶p F¶v ]dªmWv. AÃmlp CjvSs¸Sm¯sX´pw ]nimNn\njvSapÅXmbncn¡pw. Ckvemanse [mÀanI \nba§fpsS ]cn[nbn HXp§n A]c\pambn k¼À¡s¸Sm³ km[n¡pI F¶Xv hnizmknbpsS hnPbamWv.

hÀKobXsb´n\v?

a\pjy³ Hcp hÀKamsW¶ncns¡ AXnsâ hnimeamb AÀYXes¯ {]m]n¡m\pw DÄs¡mÅm\pw \ap¡v IgnbWw. aX]ctam PmXobtam `mjm]ctam Bb thÀXncnhpIÄ ]ckv]cw i{XpXbpsS ImcWambn¯ocp¶Xv A]ISamWv. \mw Pohn¡p¶ \mSnsâbpw \m«mcpsSbpw kÀhkzamb kpØnXn¡v th­nbpÅ `mKt[ bXzamWv Hmtcmcp¯cpw \nÀhlnt¡­Xv. hyXykvXamb aX§fpw ZÀi\§fpw `mjIfpw AhbpsSsbms¡ hàm¡fpapÅ Hcp `q{]tZiamWv \½psS C´y. \ap¡v \½psS tZiobamb AXnÀ¯n¡pÅnsemXp§n ]mckv]cy¯n Ignbm\mhp¶ kmlNcyw ChnsSbp­v. B kuIcyw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯n Pohn¡m\mWnhnsSbpÅhsc Ãmhcpw X¿mdmth­Xv.

aX]cambtXm asäs´¦neptam Hcp hyXykvXX, A]c\v ta A{Iaw ImWn¡p¶Xn\v ImcWamhmsX t\mt¡­X\nhmcyamWv. a\pjy³ F¶ GII¯n Hcpan¨p \n¡m³ km[n¡p¶XneqsS \ap¡v [mcmfw KpW§fpw t\«§fpw D­m¡m³ km[n¡pw. C§s\ Hcp \ne]mSv kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\v Hcp aXhpw FXncmhpsa¶v tXm¶p¶nÃ. FÃmhcpw Xs¶t¸mse Xsâ aXhpw kzoIcn¡Wsa¶v B{Kln¡p¶Xv Bt]£nIamb kZp]ZnjvSamWv. F¶m AXv am{Xta BImhq asäm¶mbn¡qSm F¶ \ne]msSSp¯v AXnsâ t]cn B{IaWw Agn¨phnSp¶Xv A`ni]vXamb hÀKobXbmWv.

Ckvemans\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw BXy´nI kXyamb GI Cemlnte¡pw Ahsâ aX¯nte¡pamWv AXv P\§sf hnfn¡p¶Xv. FÃm a\pjycpw CXc krjvSnIsft¸mse Xs¶ GI\mb {kjvSmhn\m krjvSn¡s¸«hcmWv. Aht\Inb kuIcyhpw kuP\yhpw A\p`hn¡p¶hcmWv. Ahsc krjvSn¡p¶Xn\mbn Ah³ BZyw HcmWns\bpw ]ns¶ AXn \n¶v Hcp s]®ns\bpw krjvSn¨p. A§s\bmWv a\pjyhÀK¯n\v XpS¡an«Xv. hnip² JpÀB³ Cu bmYmÀYyw hnhcn¡p¶p­v.

"Hcp icoc¯n \n¶v \n§sf krjvSn¡pIbpw AXn \n¶v Xs¶ AXnsâ CWsbbpw krjvSn¡pIbpw, AhÀ c­pt]cn \n¶pw [mcmfw kv{Xo ]pcpj·msc hym]n ¸n¨h\pamb \n§fpsS \mYs\ \n§Ä kq£n¨v Pohn¡pI...' (Bibw: A¶nkmAv: 1).

FÃm a\pjycpsSbpw BZy ]nXmhv BZw F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ {]Ya a\pjy\msW¶XmWv Ckvemansâ ]mTw. At±l¯nsâ k´m\ ]c¼cbn s]«hcmWv apgph³ a\pjycpw. ChscÃmhcpw Hcp ]nXmhnsâ k´XnIsf¶ \nebn Hcp IpSpw_ambncn¡W sa¶XmWv kzm`mhnIambpw XmÂ]cys¸Sp¶Xv. a\pjy hn`mK¯nsâ hwi hÀ²\hpw hym]\hpw ]cnKWn¨v hyhlmc¯n\pw hn\nab¯n\pw kuIcyap­mhp¶Xn\mbn `n¶ tKm{Xt¸cpIfnepw IpSpw_ t]cpIfnepw Adnbs¸SpIbmbncp¶p.

AÃmlp ]dbp¶p:"Hm P\§sf, \n§sf \mw HcmWn \n¶pw Hcp s]®n \n¶pw krjvSn¨ncn¡p¶p. \n§sf \mw tKm{X§fpw kapZmb§fpam¡nbXv \n§Ä ]ckv]cw Adnbp¶hcmhm\mWv' (Bibw: A lpPpdm¯v: 13).

Bhmk taJebpambn _Ôs¸t«m IpSpw_ kwhn[m\hpambn _Ôs¸t«m cq]s¸«p h¶n«pÅ hyXymk§fpw kz`mh§fpw ]mckv]cy¯nsâ kuIcymÀYw AÃmlp GÀs¸Sp¯nb Hcp {IaoIcWamsW¶mWo kqàw hnfw_cs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. F¶m {kjvSmhnt\mSpw {]]©t¯mSpapÅ kao]\¯nsâ coXnbpw amÀKhpw H¶mbncn¡Wsa¶p Xs¶bmWv {]]© \mY\mb {kjvSmhnsâ Xocpam\w. AXn\mWv {]]©¯n H«\h[n kuIcy§tfÀs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. ]t£, Imem´c¯n Ahcn h¶ amäs¯ Ncn{Xw \s½ t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶p­v.

a\pjyÀ¡nSbn {]]© \mY\m k½m\nXamb aX \nba§fpambn {]hmNI·mÀ \ntbmKnXcmbn. AhÀ kXymZÀiw {]t_m[\w sN¿pIbpw AXnsâ ASnØm\¯n P\§sf kwkvIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXph¶p. {]hmNIcpsS Imetijw AhÀ ZÀi\w sNbvX hgnbn \n¶pw P\§fIepIbmbncp¶p. A§s\bmWv ]e aX§fpw ImgvN¸mSpIfpap­mbXv. NnesXms¡ ]gb aX bmYmÀYy¯nsâ t]cn ]n Sn¨p\n¡m³ {ian¡pt¼mÄ NneXv ]pXpXmbn X«n¸S¨XpamWv. hyXykvXamb aX§fpw hn`mK§fpw ]eXnsâbpw ASnØm\¯n \nehnepÅt¸mÄ kXymZÀiw {]Jym]n ¡pIbpw A\phÀ¯n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶tXmsSm¸w CXc aX BZÀi \ne]mSpImtcmSv kam[m\]qÀhw CSs]Sm\mWv a\pjy³ ]cnioent¡­Xv. A]c³ Xsâ PmXnbÃ, Asæn Xsâ aX¡mc\à F¶Xv Xsâ sabv¡cp¯v Ah\pta ]co£n¡m³ ImcWamhcpXv. Xsâ aXtam Nn´tbm Ah\pta ASnt¨Â¸n¡p¶Xpw AXn\mbn B{IaW§Ä \S¯p¶Xpw \mKcnI kaql¯n\p tbmPn¨XÃ.

\nÀ_Ô]qÀhw HcmZÀi¯nte¡v Hcmsf sIm­phcm\mhpsa¶v [cn¡p¶Xv auVyamWv. ImcWw BZÀi§sf hcnt¡­Xpw DÄs¡mtÅ­Xpw a\kpIfmWv. a\kv IogS¡m³ kvt\l¯n\p am{Xta Ignbq. AXn\m Xs¶ hnip² Ckvemw Hcmsfbpw Ckvemante¡v kvt\l]qÀhw £Wn¡pIbÃmsX AXn\mbn \nÀ_Ôn¡p¶nÃ.

"aX¯nte¡v \nÀ_Ôn¡enÃ, \nÝbw k·mÀKw A_² [mcWIfn \n¶pw thÀXncnªp hyàambncn¡p¶p' (Bibw: A _Jd: 256).

Ckvemansâ {]NmcIcmbn \ntbmKnXcmb {]hmNI·mtcmsSÃmw {]t_m[\]camb ZuXyw am{XamWv \n§Ä¡pÅsX¶v ]dªn«p­v. CXv JpÀB³ hyàam¡nbn«p­v. X§fpsS {]t_m[nX kaql¯n Ckvemans\ kzoIcn¡m³ X¿mdmhm¯hcpsS kao]\¯n a\x{]bmka\p`hs¸«t¸mÄ Ahsc km´z\n¸n¨mW§s\ ]dbpIbp­mbXv.

\_n(kz) X§fpsS khn[¯n bp²¯ShpImcmbn ]nSn¡s¸«hsc t]mepw Ckvemante¡v \nÀ_Ôn¸n¡msX AhcpsS lnXw t]mse hnSpIbmbncp¶p. Bdmbnc¯ne[nIw t]sc C§s\ hn«b¨Xv Ncn{X¯n sXfnªpInS¡p¶ kXyamWv.

Ckvemw aX¯n tNÀ¶nà F¶ ImcW¯m \_n(kz) GsX¦nepw HcmÄs¡Xnsc ISp¯ \ne]msSSp¯Xv Ncn{X¯nenÃ. Jeo^amcpsS Ime¯pw CXp Xs¶bmbncp¶p AhØ. AXpt]mse BcpsSsb¦nepw Xe¡paosX hmtfm§n hnizkn¡q, Asæn h[n¨pIfbpsa¶v `ojWns¸Sp¯nbXpw Ncn{Xw ]dbp¶nÃ. a\pjy a\Êns\¡pdn¨pw {]IrXnsb¡pdn¨pw [mcWbpÅ HcmÄ¡pw HcmZÀi¯n\pw C¯cw {]hÀ¯\§fpsS ^eiq\yX t_m[ys¸Spw. AXn\m Xs¶ \nÀ_Ôn¨v aX¯n tNÀ¡pI F¶Xv CkvemanI \nba imkv{X¯nenÃ.

Hcp aXmNmcy\pw \nÀ_Ôn¨v aX¯n tNÀ¡p¶Xns\ Ipdn¨v kwkmcn¡m\pÅ km[yX ImWp¶nÃ. ImcWw, t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨Xv Xs¶. AXn\m GsXmcp hnizmknbpw kpNn´nXamb Cu {]hmNI Xocpam\§sfbpw kao]\s¯bpw kzoIcn¡m\mWv {iant¡­Xv. aXhnizmknIfmbdnbs¸Sp¶hcpsS A]Izamb {]hÀ¯\§fpw aX¯nsâ t]cn \S¯s¸Sp¶ A{IaW§fpw Xm´m§fpsS \oXnimkv{Xhpw BNmcy]mThpw AwKoIcn¡p¶XmtWm F¶mtemNn¡Ww. A§s\ aX¯nsâ AØnhmc§fmb {KÙ§fpsSbpw AhbpsS {]NmcIcmb ap³Ime aXhnizmknIfpsSbpw kao]\¯ns\Xncmbn«pÅ ]pXnb ]cnjvIcWhmZnIfpsS s]mbvapJw \mw Xncn¨dnbWw. aX§fpsSbpw ZÀi\§fpsSbpw t]cn ]pXnbXmbn Dbcp¶ hmZ§sf XnckvIcn¡m\pw ]mc¼cyambn klhÀ¯n¯¯n Ignªp hcp¶Xnsâ XpSÀ¨¡v {ian¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XneqsS hÀKobXbn \n¶v tamN\w t\Sm³ km[n¡pw.

Hcp aX¯nsâ XmgvthcpIsfhnsS F¶Xnsâ ASnØm\¯neà AXnsâ hnizmknItfmSv kao]nt¡­Xv. adn¨v \mw ImemIme§fnembn Pohn¨phcp¶ \mSpw {]tZihpw \½ptSXmWv. AhnsS \mw aX¯n\pw ZÀi\§Ä¡paXoXambn Hcp \m«pImcpw tZi¡mcpamWv. imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb A`ojvSXIÄ ]eÀ¡pw ]eXmbncn¡mw. AXpt]mse BZÀi]cambn«pÅ kzmX{´yhpw \mw hIsh¨p sImSp¡pI. Xsâ kz´w BZÀimSn¯dbpsS XIÀ¨¡v ImcWamhp¶sXm¶pw sN¿mXncn¡m³ kzbw {ian¡pIbpw thWw. AXn\v bmsXmcphn[ {]XnkÔnbpw ChnsSbnà F¶Xpt]mse AXpsIm­v {]XnkÔnbp­mbn¯ocp¶panà F¶XmWv bmYmÀYyw.

hÀKobXbpsS i]vXamb kmlNcy¯ntes¡Sps¯dnbs¸Sp¶Xn \n¶pw Bßc£ t\tS­Xp­v. AXn\v \s½¡pdn¨pw \½psSsbms¡ aXZÀi\§sf¡pdn¨pw Bhiyamb Aht_m[ap­mhpIsb XcapÅq.

A]csâ aXhpw hnizmkhpw X\n¡v `ojWnbmsW¶p tXm¶p¶ HcpXcw am\knImhØ krjvSn¡s¸«psIm­ncn¡pIbmWn¶v. AXn\m Xs¶ A]ctâsX´pw kwib ZrjvSntbmsS t\m¡n¡mWp¶ ØnXn h¶n«p­v. CXv NqjWw sNbvXv P\§sf ]ckv]cw t]mcSn¡m³ t{]cn¸n¡p¶ tI{µ§fpw kwLS\Ifpw ChnsSbpt­m F¶v kwibnt¡­Xp­v. Ncn{X¯n \n¶pw kµÀ`¯n\\pkrXambn ASÀ¯nsbSp¯p Nne cwK§Ä AhXcn¸n¡s¸Smdp­v. bYmÀY¯n AXns\Ãmw kmlNcy]camb ImcW§fpw ]Ým¯e§fpap­mhpw. kzmÀYhpw ZpÀtaml]chpamb ho£W¯nÂ, A¯cw ImcW§sf amänsh¨v hnebncp¯p¶Xpw AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xpw Ncn{Xt¯mSv ImWn¡p¶ {IqcXbmWv.

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