Idma¯pIÄ

Ckvemw temImhkm\w hscbpÅ P\hn`mK§Ä¡mbn AÃmlp kwhn[m\n¨ PohnX ]²XnbmWv. BZna a\pjy³ BZw \_n(A) apX A{´y{]hmNIÀ apl½Zv \_n(kz) hscbpff {]hmNI·mscms¡ Cu {]Xyb imkv{X¯nsâ {]t_m[Icpw {]NmcIcpambncp¶p. FÃm {]hmNI·mcpw {]t_m[\w sNbvX XXzw ASnØm\]cambn H¶mbncp¶psh¦nepw ØeIme hyXymk§Ä¡\pkcn¨v imJm]camb hyXymk§Ä \ne\n¶ncp¶p. apl½Zv \_n(kz)¡v ap¼v Ignªpt]mb {]hmNI·mscms¡ Nne {]tXyI kaql¯nte¡pw {]tXyI tZi ¯pam{Xambpw \ntbmKn¡s¸«hcmbncp¶psh¶XmWnXn\p ImcWw.

{]hmNI·mÀ ]et¸mgpw X§Ä¡p \ÂIs¸« apAvPnk¯pIÄ aX{]t_m[\¯n\mbn {]ISn¸n¨n«p­v. kzmenlv \_n(A)bpsS H«Ihpw aqkm \_n(A)bpsS hSnbpw Cukm\_n(A)bpsS tcmK\nhmcWhpw DZmlcWw. A´y{]hmNIcmb apl½Zv \_n(kz) {]t_m[\w sNbvX aXw Ahkm\ \mÄ hsc \ne\nÂt¡ ­XmsW¶Xp sIm­pXs¶ AXn\p]bpàamb coXnbnepw kz`mh¯nepamWv AÃmlp AXv kwhn[m\n¨ncn¡p¶Xv.

\_n(kz)bpsS hntbmKt¯msS CkvemanI {]t_m[\w Ahkm\n¡p¶nÃ. AXv {]hmNIcpsS A\pbmbnIfmb HuenbmAv \nÀÆln¡p¶p. At¸mÄ {]hmNIÀ¡v apAvPnk¯v Bhiyambn h¶t]mse HuenbmC\v Idma¯v AÃmlp \ÂIp¶p. ap³Ime A¼nbm¡sf¡mÄ \_n(kz)bpsS apAvPnk¯pIÄ A[nIambXpt]mse \_n(kz)bpsS A\pbmbnIfmb HuenbmCsâ Idma¯pIfpw hfscb[nIa­v. Cu Idma¯pIsfms¡ bYmÀY¯n \_n(kz)bpsS apAvPnk¯nsâ `mKamWv. AXn\m Cu kapZmb¯nse Huenbm¡Ä¡v hfscb[nIw Idma¯pIfp­mIp¶Xv aqew aäp {]hmNIsc At]£n¨p \_n(kz)bpsS Øm\hpw _lpam\hpw {]ISam¡emWv Dt±iysa¶v PmanD Idmam¯n Hu enbm 1/36 ImWmw.

AÛpX{]hÀ¯\§Ä \membn hn`Pn¡mw. H¶v, {]hmNI·mcn \n¶p­mIp¶ apAvPnk¯v. c­v, Huenbm¡fn \n¶p­mIp¶ Idma¯v. aq¶v, kXy\ntj[nIfn \nt¶m ZpÀ\S¸pImcn \nt¶m D­mIp¶ CkvXnZvdmPv. \mev, knlvdv (B`nNmc {]hÀ¯\w).

Chbn apAvPnk¯pw Idma¯pw X½nepÅ A´cw ta hnhcW¯n \n¶pXs¶ hyàamhpw. {]hmNI·mcn \n¶mIpt¼mÄ apAvPnk¯pw Huenbm¡fn \n¶mhpt¼mÄ Idma¯pamIp¶p. CXpc­pw AÃmlp Ahsâ CjvS·mÀ¡v I\ntªIp¶XmWv. AtXkabw ChbÃm¯sXms¡ Nne ImcyImcW _Ô§fne[njvTnXamWv. ln]vt\m«nkhpw sakvadnkhpw PmehnZy, knlvdv XpS§nbhsbms¡ ZoÀLImes¯ ]T\¯nsâbpw {]tbmKhXvIcW¯nsâbpw ]cnWnX^eamWv. AXpsIm­pXs¶ XÂhnjbs¯ Ipdn¨v Bg¯n ]Tn¨p a\Ênem¡nbhÀ¡v Cu AÛpX§sfms¡ \njv{]`am¡m³ Ignbpw. AtXkabw apAvPnk¯pw Idma¯pw A§s\bÃ. AXv kzmb¯am¡m³ km[mcW {]hÀ¯\§Ät¡m ]T\§Ät¡m IgnbnÃ. AXv AÃmlphnsâ CjvSZmk·mcmb ASnaIÄ¡v \ÂIp¶ Hcp kn²nbmWv (_nKvb, t]Pv 299 ss^fpÂ_mcn 4/390 t\m¡pI). asämcÀY¯n Chbpw aäp Akm[mcW {]hÀ¯\§fpw X½nepÅ hyXymkw C§s\ kw{Kln¡mw. AÃmlphnsâ CjvSZmk·mcn \n¶v D­mIp¶Xv Idma¯pw AÃm¯h knlvdpamWv. CXv Camw A_ql\o^(d) Xsâ A ^nJvlp AIv_À t]Pv 64epw Camap ldssa\n(d)sb sXm«v ^Xmh lZokn¿ 304epw apJ±naXp C_v\p JÂZq³ 661epw Camw iAvdm\n(d)bpsS "A bhmJoXph PhmloÀ' 2/102epw ImWmw.

AÛpX§Ä ImWn¨XpsIm­v am{Xw HcmÄ hen¿v BIWsa¶nÃ. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""AÃmlphnsâ Huenbm¡Ä `à·mÀ am{XamWv'' (hn.Jp. 8/437). Idma¯v C§s\bpÅ `à·mcn \nt¶ D­mIq. kzq^nIfpsS t\Xmhv Camw Ppss\Zv(d) ]dbp¶p: ""HcmÄ shůnsâ apIfneqsStbm A´co£¯neqsStbm \S¡p¶Xv I­m t]mepw icoA¯nsâ hn[nhne¡pIÄ Ah³ ]men¡p¶pt­m F¶p t\m¡msX Ah³ hen¿msW¶v hn[nsbgpXn h©nXcmIcpXv'' (XJvco_p DkzqÂ). CtX Bibw X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ 1/78epw ImWmw.

CXn \n¶pw Ønc_p²nbpÅ kab¯v, icoA¯v \nba§Ä ]qÀWambpw ]men¡p¶hcn \n¶p {]ISamIp¶ AÛpXkn²nIÄ Idma¯msW¶p {Kln¡mw. lm^nfp_v\p lPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p: ""AÛpX§Ä ImWn¡pt¼mtg¡v Ah³ Huenbm¡fn s]«h\msW¶ [mcW km[mcW P\§Ä¡p­v. CXp icnbÃ. ImcWw AÛpX§Ä B`nNmc¡mcn \n¶pw tPymÕy\n \n¶pw aäpsams¡ D­mtb¡mw. AXn\m icoA¯nsâ hn[nhne¡pIÄ AwKoIcn¡p¶h\n \n¶mbXn\m AXv Idma¯pw Ah³ hen¿pamsW¶pw adn¨msW¦n Idma¯söpw a\Ênem¡mw'' (^Xvlp _mcn).

F´mWv Idma¯v?

{]hmNIXzhmZhpambn _ÔanÃmsX Hcp hen¿n \n¶v {]ISamIp¶ Akm[mcW Imcy§Ä¡mWv Idma¯v F¶p]dbp¶Xv (iÀlp AJmCZv, t]Pv 139). Idma¯v hen¿n \n¶mWp­mhpIsb¶Xn\m BcmWv hen¿v F¶pIqSn \mw {Klnt¡­Xp­v. AÃmam X^vXnkm\n(d) ]dbp¶p: ""AÃmlphns\ Ipdn¨pw Ahsâ hntijW§sf Ipdn¨pw Ignhnsâ ]camh[n Adnbp¶h\pw AÃmlphn\v hgns¸Sp¶Xn \nXyambh\pw tZmj§Ä shSnªp, `uXnI kpJmUw_c§fnepw tZtlÑIfnepw apgpIm¯hcpamWv hen¿v sIm­v hnh£'' (idlp AJmCZv 139, CtX Bibw ^XvlpÂ_mcn 11/342).

Huenbm¡fn \n¶v C§s\ Idma¯pIfp­mImtam? CXp kw_Ôamb {]amW§Ä F´p ]dbp¶psh¶v t\m¡mw. hnip² JpÀB\n AÃmlp Cukm\_n(A)bpsS amXmhv adnbw _ohnbpsS Ncn{Xw \s½ ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. AhcpsS amXmhv l¶¯p_ohn KÀ`Ø iniphns\ ss_¯p apJ±nknsâ ]cnNcW¯n\mbn t\À¨bm¡pIbp­mbn. {]khw Ignªt¸mÄ AsXmcp s]¬Ip«n þadnbwþ BbXn AhÀ At§bäw ]cnX]n¨p. ]t£, t\À¨bm¡nbXn\m aIÄ adnbans\ ss_Xp apJ±knsâ ]NncW¯n\mbn hn«psImSp¯p. adnbw_ohn Xmakn¡p¶ dqan alm\mb kIcn¿m \_n(A) {]thin¡pt¼mÄ AhcpsS ASp¯v AXyÛpXIchpw B {]tZi§fn e`yaÃm¯Xpamb kzÀKob `£Ww ImWp¶p. kIcn¿ \_n(A) tNmZn¨p. adnbw, \n\¡nXv FhnSp¶v e`n¨p? "CXv F\n¡v AÃmlphnsâ `mK¯p\n¶pw \ÂIs¸«XmWv.' F¶v adnbw_ohn adp]Sn ]dbp¶p. Cu kw`hw (hn.Jp. 3/37) hniZoIcn¨n«p­v.

AXpt]mse adnbw_ohn(d) ]qÀW KÀ`nWnbmbncn¡th {]kh kab¯v AÃmlphnsâ BÚ. ""adnbw, \o B DW§nb Cu¯¸\ ]nSn¨pIpep¡nbm AXv \n\¡v \à ]gp¯ Cu¯¸gw hogv¯pw.'' DW§nb Cu¯¸\ acw ]nSn¨pIpep¡pt¼mÄ kzmZnjvSamb Cu¯¸gw hoW kw`hw JpÀB³ (19/25) hyàam¡nbn«p­v. CsXms¡ adnbw_ohnbpsS Idma¯pIfmbncp¶p. adnbw {]hmNI·mcn s]«hscm¶paÃ. adn¨v AÃmlphnsâ CjvSZmk·mcn s]«hcmWv. AXpsIm­pXs¶ CXv Idma¯pamWv.

CXpt]mse Ahnizmknbmb cmPmhnsâ A{Ia¯n \n¶v c£s¸Sp¶Xn\mbn Hfn¡pIbpw ap¶qänsbm¼Xv hÀjw aeapIfnepÅ Kplbn PohnXw Ign¨pIq«pIbpw sNbvX Akvzlm_p Ilv^nsâ (KplmhmknIÄ) Ncn{Xw hnip²JpÀB\n AÃmlp hnhcn¨p Xcp¶p. C{Xbpw hÀjw imcocnI XIcmdpIsfm¶panÃmsX Pohn¡pIsb¶Xv kXyhnizmknIfmb B sNdp¸¡mcpsS Idma¯mbn«mWv JpÀB³ ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv.

alm\mb kpsseam³ \_n(A)bpsS Ime¯v _ÂJokv cmÚnbpsS k_CepÅ knwlmk\w hfsc thK¯n sIm­phcm³ BÀ¡p Ignbpsa¶v tNmZn¨t¸mÄ AÃmlphn \n¶p Úm\w e`n¨ HcmÄ I®p Nn½n¯pd¡p¶Xn\nSbn Rm\Xv sIm­phcmsa¶v ]dbpIbpw ssaepIÄ¡¸pdapÅ _ÂJokv cmÚnbpsS knwlmk\w sIm­phcnIbpw sNbvX kw`hw hnip²JpÀB\n AÃmlp ]Tn¸n¡p¶p­v. C§s\ knwlmk\w sIm­ph¶ hyàn Bk^p_v\p _ÀJnbm F¶ hen¿v BsW¶p JpÀB³ hymJymXm¡Ä tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p­v (JpÀ¯p_n 13/204, C_v\pIkoÀ 3/264, dplpÂ_bm³ 6/349). Huenbm¡fn \n¶p Idma¯v kw`hn¡msa¶Xn\v aXnbmb sXfnhmWv JpÀB³ hN\§Ä \ÂIp¶Xv. AÃmam X^vXmkm\n(d) ]dbp¶p: "Idma¯v bmYmÀYyamsW¶Xn\v \nch[n kzlm_nIfn \n¶pw AhcpsS tijapÅhcn \n¶pw \ntj[n¡m³ Ignbm¯ hn[w dnt¸mÀ«p sN¿s¸« lZokpIfpw sXfnhmbp­v' (idlp AJmCZv, 133).

{]kn² kzlm_nhcy\mb Jpss__v(d)hns\ i{Xp¡Ä ]nSn¨p _Ô\Ø\m¡nb Ime§fn At±lw aZo\bnsem¶pw e`yaÃm¯hn[apÅ ap´nb C\w ap´ncn Ign¨ncp¶Xmbn lZokn ImWmw (_pJmcn 2/56).

_lp. A_q_¡À kzn±oJv(d) aZo\m ]Ånbnse aq¶p apXAÃnwIsf ho«nte¡v `£W¯n\v £Wn¨p. c­mÄ¡p­m¡nb `£Ww AhscÃmhcpw IqSn `pPn¨n«pw _m¡n hcp¶p. A_q_¡À(d) ]dbp¶p. "R§Ä kp`n£ambn Blcn¨n«pw sIm­ph¶t¸mgp­mbncp¶ A{Xbpw Xs¶ `£Ww ]ns¶bpw _m¡nh¶p' (_pJmcn).

A\kv(d) D²cn¡p¶p: \_n(kz)bpsS k¶n[m\¯n \n¶v AÀ[cm{Xn shfn¨anÃmsX ]ncnªp t]mIp¶ c­v kzlm_nIfpsS ap¼n Hcp {]Imiw {]Xy£s¸SpIbpw AhÀ ]ncnbp¶Xphsc AhcpsS IqsS B {]Imiw ]n´pScpIbpw AhÀ ]ckv]cw ]ncnªpt]mbt¸mÄ Hmtcmcp¯cpsS IqsS B {]Imihpw ]ncnªpt]mbn. (_pJmcn 1/537).

_\q C{kmCueycn GIm´\mbn AÃmlphn\v Bcm[\ \nÀhln¨ncp¶ PpssdPv(d)s\ Ipdn¨v i{Xp¡Ä A]cm[w ]dbpIbpw hy`nNmcmtcm]w D¶bn¡pIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ tNmc¡pªns\ kwkmcn¸n¨p. Fsâ ]nXmhv PpssdPsöpw B«nSb\msW¶pw ]dbn¸n¨ PpssdPv(d)sâ Idma¯v Camw _pJmcn(d)bpw apkvenapw(d) dnt¸mÀ«p sNbvXn«p­v.

AÃmlphnsâ CjvSZmk·mcmb Huenbm¡fn \n¶v \nch[n Idma¯pIfp­mbXmbn lZokpIfn ImWmw. AXpsIm­pXs¶ AlvepÊp¶¯n h PamA¯nsâ ]WvVnX·mÀ Huenbm¡Ä¡v Idma¯p­mIpsa¶v Xd¸n¨p ]dbp¶p. Camw A_ql\o^(d)bpsS 'A ^nJvlp AIv_À' (t]Pv 63) PwD PhmanAv (2/420) idlp AJmCZv (t]Pv 139), AÂlZoJ¯p¶Zn¿ (1/292) XpS§nb {KÙ§fn C¡mcyw hyàam¡nbn«p­v. C_v\pssXan¿ ]dbp¶p: "Hu enbm¡fpsS Idma¯v AwKoIcn¡pI F¶Xv AlvepÊp¶¯nsâ ASnØm\ kn²m´amWv. kzlm_¯n\pw Cu D½¯nse KXIme CamapIÄ¡pw CXv F{Xtbm D­mbn«p­v. Ahkm\ \mÄ hsc CXv \ne\n¡pIbpw sN¿pw' (aPvaqdkmCen Ip_vd, C_v\pssXan¿, 1/404).

A¼nbm¡Ä¡p­mIp¶ apAvPnk¯pIsfms¡ Huenbm¡Ä¡v Idma¯mbn D­mImsa¶mWv ]WvVnX aXw. hfsc sNdnb Hcp \yq\]£w CXn `n¶m`n{]mbw tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«ps­¦nepw AXv XnI¨pw _meniamb A`n{]mbamsW¶pw _lp`qcn]£w ]WvVnX·mcpw apAvPnk¯pIsfms¡ Idma¯mbn D­mIpsa¶ A`n{]mb¡mcmsW¶pw Camap ldssa\n(d) Xsâ A CÀimZnepw Camw A_q\kzvÀ(d) Xsâ A apÀinZnepw Camw \hhn(d) Xsâ idlp apkvenanepw ]dªn«p­v. (^Xmh lZokn¿, t]Pv 108) idlp ^nJvln AIv_À, t]Pv 63).

{]hmNI·mcpsS Dt±iy¯n\pw CÑ¡pa\pkcn¨v apAvPnk¯pIÄ {]ISn¸n¡m³ Ignbp¶Xpt]mse Huenbm¡fpsS Dt±iya\pkcn¨v Idma¯pIfpw {]ISn¸n¡m³ Ignbpw. CXn\v \nch[n sXfnhpIfp­v. \mw t\cs¯ hnhcn¨ _lp. PpssdPv(d)sâ kw`hw CXn\p anI¨ sXfnhmWv. _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw dnt¸mÀ «p sNbvX Cu lZokv hniZoIcn¨psIm­v lm^nfv C_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p. ""Cu lZokv Huenbm¡fpsS Idma¯v Øm]n¡p¶Xn\pw AXv AhcpsS Dt±iya\pkcn¨v D­mIpsa\v ØncoIcn¡p¶Xn\pw sXfnhmWv'' ^XvlpÂ_mcn 6/383 t\m¡pI. CtX Bibw Camw \hhn(d) Xsâ iÀlp apkvenw 6/108epw Camw JkvXzÃm\n Xsâ CÀimZpÊmcn 5/412epw Camw _Zvdp±o\p sF\n Xsâ DwZXp Jmcn 16/31epw ]dªn«p­v. Huenbm¡fpsS Dt±iya\pkcn¨v Idma¯v {]ISn¸n¡m³ Ignbpsa¶v lminb¯p _¶m\n 2/430epw Camw dwen(d) Xsâ ^Xmhm 4/382epw lminbXp A¯zmdn 2/481epw X^vkoÀ dqlpÂ_bm³ 6/351epw ]dªn«p­v. Camw _pJmcn(d) dnt¸mÀ«psN¿p¶ Hcp lZokv {i²n¡pI. \_n(kz) ]dªp. ""AÃmlp ]dªncn¡p¶p. ^Àfmb C_mZ¯pIÄ¡p ]pdsa kp¶¯mb AaepIÄ sNbvXp Fsâ ASnaIÄ F¶nte¡v ASp¡pIbpw Rm\hs\ kvt\ln¡pIbpw sN¿pw. A§s\ Ah³ tIÄ¡p¶ ImXpw ImWp¶ I®pw \S¡p¶ Imepw ]nSn¡p¶ I¿pw Rm\mIpw. Ah³ Ft¶mSv tNmZn¨m Rm\Xv Ah\v sImSp¡pw. Ah³ Imhemhiys¸«m Rm\h\v Imh \ÂIpw'' (_pJmcn 2/963).

Cu lZokv hniZoIcn¨psIm­v lm^nfv_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p. Ahsâ I¿pw Imepw sNhnbpw Hs¡ AÃmlp BIpsa¶p ]dªXpsIm­v hnh£, Ahsâ Dt±iy§Ä ]qÀ¯oIcn¡p¶Xnepw Ahsâ ImgvNbnepw tIÄhnbnepsams¡ Rm\hs\ {]tXyIambn klmbn¡pIbpw Ahsâ Bhiy§Ä [rXKXnbn Rm³ ]qÀ¯oIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pw F¶mWv' (^Xvlp _mcn 11/344).

Cu lZoknsâ bmYmÀYyw {Kln¨m Huenbm¡Ä¡v AhcpsS Dt±iya\pkcn¨v Idma¯pIÄ {]ISn¸n¡m³ Ignbpsa¶v hyàamIpw.

A¼nbm¡fpsS apAvPnk¯v acWtijw apdnªpt]mIm¯t]mse Huenbm¡fpsS Idma¯pw acWt¯msS apdnªpt]mhpIbnÃ. hnip²JpÀB\nepw kp¶¯nepw CXn\v [mcmfw sXfnhpIÄ Is­¯m\mIpw. Huenbm¡fn {]apJcmb iplZm¡sf (càkm£nIÄ) Ipdn¨v AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: ""AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯n h[n¡s¸«hÀ, AhÀ acWs¸«hcmsW¶v \n§Ä [cn¡cpXv. ]t£, AhÀ Pohn¨ncn¡p¶hcpw dºnsâ ASp¡Â {]tXyI Øm\apÅhcpw `£Ww \ÂIs¸Sp¶hcpamWv'' (Bep Cwdm³, 169).

ho­pw JpÀB³ ]dbp¶p: "(i{Xp¡Ä h[n¨ l_o_p¶Ömdnt\mSv) ]dbs¸«p. \n§Ä kzÀK¯n {]thin¡pI. At±lw ]dªp. Fsâ dºv F\n¡v s]mdp¯p XcnIbpw Idma¯pÅhcn Fs¶ DÄs¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvX hnhcw Fsâ P\§Ä Adnªpsh¦n \¶mbncp¶p' (bmko³ 28, 29). A§s\ l_o_ns\ h[n¨ i{Xp¡fn AÃmlp in£ Cd¡pIbpw Ahsc \mamhtijam¡pIbpw sNbvXp (JpÀXp_n 15/20). Ch AÃmlphnsâ CjvSZmk\mb l_o_p¶Ömdnsâ Idma¯msW¶v ]dtb­XnÃtÃm. JpÀB³ ho­pw hyàam¡p¶p. "kÖ\§sft¸mse PohnXhpw acWhpw XpeyamIp¶ hn[¯n IpähmfnIsfbpw \mw B¡psa¶v AhÀ hnNmcn¡p¶pthm, AhcpsS hn[n hfsc No¯bmIp¶p' (A Pmknb 27).

Cu Bb¯nsâ hymJym\¯n Camw ss_fmhn(d) ]dbp¶Xp ImWpI: ""PohnX Ime¯pw acWtijhpw kt´mj¯nepw Idma¯nepw kÖ\§sf B¡p¶Xpt]mse IpähmfnIsf AÃmlp B¡p¶XÃ'' (ss_fmhn, 5/71).

C§s\ XpS§n H«\h[n Bb¯pIfn \n¶v Idma¯pIÄ acWtijw apdnªpt]mhpIbnsöv {Kln¡mw.

al¯p¡fn \n¶v acWtijw Idma¯p­mbXmbn lZokv {KÙ§fn [mcmfambn ImWmw. Camw _pJmcn(d) D²cn¡p¶p. "DlvZv bp²¯n iloZmb A_vZpÃm(d)hn\v At±l¯nsâ P\mk FSp¡p¶Xphtc¡pw aeIpIÄ \ngen«p sImSp¯ncp¶psh¶v \_n(kz)]dªp (_pJmcn 1/166). alm\mb A_q_¡À kzn±oJv(d)sâ P\mk {]hmNI {]`phnsâ J_dn§Â sh¨v AhnSps¯ kao]¯v adhpsN¿m³ tNmZn¨t¸mÄ Hcp hnfnbmfw {i²bnÂs]«p. kvt\lnXs\ kvt\lnXsâ IqsS adhpsN¿pI (X^vkoÀ dmkn 5/478).

JpÀB³ AÃmlphnsâ krjvSnbmsW¶ hmZ¯ns\Xnsc i_vZn¨Xnsâ t]cn h[n¡s¸« AlvaZp_v\p \kzvdn JpkmC(d)sâ incÊv _KvZmZn \m«s¸SpIbpw incÊv kq£n¡m³ i{Xp¡Ä Hcmsf G¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]t£, cm{Xnbn alm\hÀIfpsS incÊv Jn_vebnte¡v kzbw XncnbpIbpw bmko³ ]mcmbWw sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶Xmbn Imh¡mc\v ImWm³ Ignªp. Camw kpbqYn(d) Xsâ XmcoJp Jpe^mAv 236þmw t]Pn Cu kw`hw D²cn¨n«p­v.

alm\mb Bkznw(d)s\ i{Xp¡Ä ]nSn¨p h[n¨ tijw At±l¯nsâ icoc¯nsâ Nne `mK§Ä apdn¨p i{Xpt\Xm¡fpsS ASpt¯¡v sIm­pt]mIm³ th­n AhÀ {ians¨¦nepw AÃmlp AhÀs¡Xnsc Hcp IS¶Â Iq«s¯ ]dªb¨p Ahsc Xpc¯nb kw`hw Camw _pJmcn(d) Xsâ kzlolv 2/569 tcJs¸Sp¯nbXmWv. Cu kw`h§fn \ns¶Ãmw acWs¸« tijhpw Huenbm¡fn \n¶v Idma¯p­mIpsa¶pw hyàambn. AXpsIm­pXs¶ AÃmam Camw dwen(d) ]dbp¶p: "A¼nbm¡fpsS apAvPnkXpw Huenbm¡fpsS Idma¯pw acWt¯msS apdnbpIbnÃ' (^Xmhmdwen 4/382).

Idma¯pIÄ ]ehn[¯n D­mIpsa¶v _lp. Camw kp_vIn(d) Xsâ Xz_JmXn ]dbp¶p. 1. acWs¸«hsc Pohn¸n¡Â. alm\mb Cukm\_n(A) acWs¸«hsc Pohn¸n¡psa¶p {]Jym]n¨Xv hnip²JpÀB\nÂ(3/49) ImWmw. CXpt]mse acWs¸«hsc Pohn¸n¨ F{Xtbm kw`h§Ä Huenbm¡fpsS Ncn{X¯nepap­v. ssiJv aplvbn±o³(d) Poh\nÃm¯ tImgnbpsS apÅpIÄ Hcpan¨pIq«n Fgpt¶Â¡m³ ]dbpIbpw AXv Poht\msS ]d¡pIbpw sNbvX kw`hw {]kn²amWv. Ht«sd ]WvVnXcn \n¶vv Cu kw`hw Camw bm^nCu(d) D²cn¨Xmbn ^Xmh lZokn¿ t]Pv 303 ImWmw.2. acWs¸«htcmSv kwkmcn¡pI. \_n  (kz)bpsS Ime¯v ]Ån ASn¨phr¯nbm¡nbncp¶ kv{Xo acWs¸SpIbpw \_n(kz) AdnbmsX kzlm_nIÄ adamSpIbpw sNbvXp. Cu hnhcw \_n(kz) Adnªt¸mÄ B kv{XobpsS J_dn\cnsI sN¶v a¿n¯v \nkvIcn¡pIbpw J_dnepÅ B kv{XotbmSv \_n(kz) kwkmcn¡pIbpw sNbvXXmbn "A¯À Ko_p h¯Àlo_n (1/197) ImWmhp¶XmWv.

3. kap{Zw ]nfcpI. shůnsâ apIfneqsS \S¡pI. CXpw ]e Huenbm¡sf sXm«pw D²cn¡s¸«n«p­v. 4. {ZmhI§Ä XcwadnbÂ. 5. `qanbpsS hgnZqcw Npcp§pI. 6. AtNX\ hkvXp¡Ä kwkmcn¡pI. 7. tcmKw kpJs¸Sp¯pI. 8. a\ptjyXc PohnIÄ Xsâ I¸\If\pkcn¡pI. 9. ImessZÀLyw Npcp§pIbpw ZoÀLamhpIbpw sN¿pI. 10. {]mÀYn¡p¶ DSs\ D¯cw e`n¡Â. 11. AZriyImcy§Ä {]hNn¡pI. 12. ZoÀLImew `£Whpw shÅhpanÃmsX £an¡pI. 13. adIfpsS ]n¶n \n¶v t]mepw hnZqcØew ZÀin¡Â. 14. hyXykvXamb cq]w {]m]n¡pI. 15. `qanbnse \nt£]§sf Ipdn¨v AdnbÂ. 16. hfsc Npcp§nb Ime¯n\pÅn hfscb[nIw {KÙ§Ä cNn¡m³ IgnbpI. (Camw im^nCu(d) Camap ldssa\n(d), Camw \hhn(d) F¶nhÀ DZmlcWw) 17. hnjmwiw icoc¯n ^en¡mXncn¡pI. (JmenZv(d) hnjw IpSn¡pIbpw bmsXm¶pw kw`hn¡mXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXXv DZmlcWw).

C§s\ XpS§n \qtdmfw C\§Ä D­mIpsa¶v Camw kp_vIn(d) ]dªXmbn AÃmam bqkp^p¶_vlm\n(d) Xsâ PmanD IdmamXn Huenb 1/47epw lpÖ¯pÃmln Ae Beao³ (t]Pv 855) ]dªn«p­v.

C§s\bpÅ hnhn[Xcw Idma¯pIÄ H«\h[n Huenbm¡Ä¡p­mbXmbn Ncn{X {KÙ§fn ImWmw. CXp]t£, IqSpX ImWp¶Xv ]n¡me¡mcmb Huenbm¡fnemsW¶XpsIm­v Gähpw D¶XÀ Idma¯pIÄ IqSpXep­mIp¶hcmsW¶v [cn¡cpXv. Camw iAvdm\n(d) bhmJoXn CXv ]dªn«p­v. {]hmNI·mÀ Ignªm t{ijvTX IqSnbXv kzlm_nIÄ¡mWv. ChÀ Huenbm¡fn Gähpw {]apJcpamWv. \nch[n Idma¯pIÄ {]ISn¸n¨ aplvbn±o³ ssiJv(d) t]mepw kzlm_¯ns\¡mÄ henb Huenb AÃ. kzlm_nIÄ¡v \_n(kz)bnÂ\ n¶v Xs¶ t\cn«v Imcy§Ä {Kln¡m\pw _Ôs¸Sm\pw Ignªn«ps­¶XpsIm­v Xs¶ aämsc¡mfpw AhcpsS Øm\w hfsc IqSpXemWv. kzlm_¯nsâbpw Xm_nCu§fpsSbpw Imetijw Pohn¡p¶hÀ \_n(kz)bpambn AIep¶Xn\m AhcpsS Cuam³ iàns¸Sp¯p¶Xn Bhiyw t\cn«XpsIm­mWv ]n¡me¯pÅhcn Idma¯v IqSpXembn ImWm³ Ignbp¶sX¶v CÆnjbIambn adp]Sn ]dbsh _lp. Camw AlvaZp_v\p l¼Â(d) ]dªXmbn Camw kp_pIn(d) Xsâ Xz_JmXn {]kvXmhn¨n«p­v. PmanD IdmaXn Huenb 1/37epw Camw iAvdm\nbpsS AÂbhmJoXp h PhmlnÀ 2/103epw C{]Imcw ImWmw.

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