_mKvZmZv: \qäm­pIfneqsS

_mKvZmZv F¶ptIÄ¡pt¼mÄ \½psS a\Êv `qXImet¯¡v NndIphnSÀ¯n ]d¡p¶p. F{Xsb{X alm·msc kw_Ôn¨ kvacWIÄ lrZbs¯ akrWam¡p¶p. \½psS kwkvImcs¯bpw imkv{Xs¯bpw kzm[o\n¨ F{Xsb{X kw`h§Ä¡v B alm\Kcn km£nbmbn«p­v. Aªqdv hÀj§Ä AXv CkvemanI Jnem^Xnsâ BØm\ambn ]cnekn¨p. ]pcmX\ Imes¯ c­v D¶X hnZym]oT§fmb apkvX³kcnbbpw \nkmanbbpw Bbnc¡W¡n\v ]WvVnX·mÀ¡pw imkv{XÚÀ¡pw P·w \ÂIn. Jeo^m a³kzqdnsâ hnfw_c§Ä, lmdq³ dioZnsâbpw ]«alnjn kpss_ZbpsSbpw \ÀakÃm]§Ä, aAvaq\nsâ ZmÀi\nI XÃP§Ä, slmÃmt¡mhnsâ A«lmk§Ä, aqkm XAvkoansâ hnem]§Ä, k±mansâ KÀP\§Ä CsXÃmw ChnSs¯ A´co£¯n X§n\n¡p¶p. Camw A_ql\o^bpw(d) Camw AlvaZp_n\v l¼epw(d) kzq^nhcy·mÀ Pp ss\Zpw(d) kcnbpÊJv¯nbpw(d) aplvbn±o³ A_vZpÂJmZnÀ Poem\nbpw(d) C hnsS A´yhn{iaw sImÅp¶p. Ad_n kmlnXy¯nsâ kphÀWL«w ChnsS \n¶mcw`n¨ IhnIÄ Ct§ms«mgpIn. A_q\hmknsâ `mhKoX§Ä lrZbX´p¡fn hoWao«n. km¼¯nI imkv{X¯nse BZys¯ IrXn InXm_p JdmPv Jmfn A_qbqkp^v ChnsS sh¨p cNn¨p. CamapIÄ ChnSs¯ akvPnZpIfnepw Aca\Ifnepw kwhmZ§Ä \S¯n. Camw im^nCu(d), CuPn]vXn \n¶pw ChnsSsb¯n Camw A_ql\o^(d)bpsS injy³ apl½Zp(d)ambn hmZ{]XnhmZw \S¯n. AhÀ ]ckv]cw kzm[o\n¨p. Camw im^nCu(d)bpsS A`n{]mb§fnepw Nne amä§Ä h¶p. im^nCu aZvl_n JZoapw PZoZpw DSseSp¯p. Nn´m{]Øm\§Ä ]eXpw ChnsS P\n¨p. hnÚm\ hn¹h¯n\Xp XpS¡w Ipdn¨p.

a[y]qÀhtZis¯, Asæn Ad_p taJebnse Gähpw henb c­mas¯ \KcnbmWnXv. _mKvZmZv Øm]n¨Xv Aºmkn¿m Jeo^ a³kzqdmWv. lnPvd 136 (F.Un. 754Â). C_v\pAºmkv(d) At±l¯nsâ {]]nXmal\mWv. Cu \Kcant¸mÄ 1291 hÀjw ]n¶n«ncn¡pIbmWv. a³kzqÀ Cu \Kcw Øm]n¨Xv AXns\ Aºmknbm Jnem^Xnsâ XeØm\am¡m\mbncp¶p. \_n(kz)bpsSbpw ASp¯ aq¶v Jeo^amcpsSbpw Ime¯v `cW¯nsâ BØm\w aZo\m ap\Ædbmbncp¶p. Aen(d) Iq^bnte¡v XeØm\w amän. AXn\ptijw A[nImc¯n h¶ Dahn¿ hwiPcpsS XeØm\ambXv UakvIkmWv. lnPvd 132 DahnIsf ]cmPbs¸Sp¯n AºmknIÄ A[nImc¯n h¶t¸mÄ BZy¯n AhcpsS CdmJnse BØm\w A³_mdmbncp¶p. bq{^«okv \ZnbpsS Ings¡ IcbnemWv A³_mÀ. Iq^bpsS kao]¯mbncp¶ Cu \Kc¯n inbm kzm[o\w hÀ[n¨tXmXn \ne\n¶p. AhnsS a³kzqdns\Xnsc inbm¡fpsS t{]mÕml\t¯msS dmh³Znb Iem]w t]msebpÅ Nne hn¹h§Ä \S¶t¸mÄ AXv ASn¨aÀ¯m³ th­n _lpP\ ]n´pW a³kzqdn\v e`n¨nÃ. AºmknIÄ X§Ä¡ÀlXs¸« Jnem^Xv A]lcn¨ncn¡pIbmsW¶mWv Aehn¿nIfpsS (inbm¡fpsS asämcp t]cv) \ne]mSv.

kpJIcaÃm¯ A³_mdnse ImemhØbpw a³kzqdn\v \Kct¯mSpÅ shdp¸v tXm¶m³ CSbm¡n. acp¡mäv bq{^«oknsâ Xoc§fn aWÂhrjvSn \S¯pI km[mcWbmWnhnsS. a³kzqÀ Hcp ]cythjW kwLt¯msSm¸w XeØm\ \Kcn¡mbn Øeat\zjn¨p ]pds¸«p. bq{^«okn\p Ing¡mbn AXn\p kam´cambn HgpIp¶ ssS{Kokv \ZnbpsS Xoc¯pIqsSbmbncp¶p ChcpsS bm{X. ssS{Kokp hfªpw ]pfªpw HgpIp¶ Hcp Øes¯¯nbt¸mÄ B Øew a³kzqdn\v CjvSs¸«p. aq¶p`mKw \Znbn Npäs¸« Hcp {]tZiw. AXv hr£eXmZnIfn lcnXm`amWv.

ssS{Kokpambn asämcp \Znbmb kdm ChnsS kwKan¡p¶p­v. shÅw kp`n£w. \ZnIfpw tXmSpIfpw ip²Pew sIm­v IcIhnsªmgpIp¶p. ssS{Koknsâ ]Snªmsd Xoc¯mWv Cu Øesa¦nepw bq{^«okn \n¶p hfsc AIsebÃ.

`qanbmsW¦n ^e]pjvSnbpÅXpw. \Ãhmbp, kpJIcamb ImemhØ, AhnSs¯ kÔymkaocsâ ioXfa³kzqdn\p lrZyambn. “hmWnPy]cambn X{´{][m\amb Hcp Øehpw IqSnbmWXv. C´y³ Nc¡pIfpw ssN\okv hn`h§fpw _kzd aptJ\ ssS{KokneqsS ChnsSsb¯pw. bqtdm]y³ hn`h§Ä bq{^«okneqsSbpw”. a³kzqÀ ]dªp. PeKXmKX kuIcyw anI¨XmWv. X{´]cambn Cu Øe¯n\v {]m[m\yap­v. ssS{Kokp Ignªm ]ns¶ t]ÀjybmWv. Aºmknbm `cW¯nâ \s«ÃmWv t]Àjy¡mÀ. {]tXyIn¨pw Jpdmkm³ImÀ ssS{Koknsâ ]Ýna Xoc¯mbXp sIm­v Hcp k¶nKv[ L«¯n Jpdmkm\nIÄ¡v henb XSÊanÃmsX AXnthK¯n ChnsSsb¯mw.

Cu Øew _mKvZmsZ¶ t]cn Adnbs¸«p. GtXm Hcp Cdm\nb³ N{IhÀ¯n kpJhmk¯n\p th­n \nÀan¨ Hcp {Kmaambncp¶p BZnbn CXv. AXnsâ ]cnkc{]tZi§Ä {InkvXob tI{µ§fmbncp¶p. AhcpsS k\ymknaT§fpw I\ym kv{Xo aT§fpw ChnsS kPohambn {]hÀ¯n¨ncp¶p. Aºmknbm Jnem^Xnsâ BØm\ambXn\ptijhpw Cu {InkvXy³ tI{µ§Ä \ne\n¶p. ChnSs¯ I\yIIsfbpw aZys¯bpw hmgv¯n A_q\phmkv ]mSnbn«p­v. apkvenw tI{µ§fn e`n¡m¯Xp AhÀ¡v ChnsS\n¶pw e`n¨p. ChnSs¯ hoªnsâ am[pcyw F{X]mSnbn«pw Cu Ihn¡v aXn tXm¶nbnÃ.

Cu ]«W\nÀamWs¯¸än Hcp IYbp­v. AXnsâ hnizk\obX kwibmkv]ZamsW¦nepw AsX´msW¶p \ap¡v t\m¡mw. a³kzqdnsâ DtZymKØt\mSv ]cnkcs¯ Hcp {InkvXy³ ]ptcmlnX³ tNmZn¨p. ChnsS ]«Ww \nÀan¡p¶ lnÀfpJn cmPmhnsâ t]sc´mWv? ‘A_vZpÃ’ DtZymKس adp]Sn ]dªp. CXÃmsX At±l¯n\p aäp hà t]cpw Dt­m? "D­v.' At±l¯nsâ Hma\t¸cv A_qPAv^À F¶pw Øm\t¸cv a³kzqÀ F¶pamIp¶p.

]ptcmlnX³: F¶m ChnsS Hcp ]«Ww \nÀan¡m³ \n§fpsS cmPmhn\v IgnbnÃ. R§fpsS {KÙ§fn ImWp¶Xv ChnsS ‘anJvemk’v Fs¶mcp am\y³ Hcp ]«Ww \nÀan¡psa¶pw AbmÄ henb {]Xm]nbmbn¯ocpsa¶pw.

DtZymKس a³kzqdns\ kw_Ôn¨p]dªXv Adnbn¨p. a³kzqÀ {]XnhNn¨p. "F\n¡v anJvemkv Fs¶mcp t]cp­mbncp¶p. AXn\pImcWw Fsâ Bb, \q \qäncp¶p. Hcp{]mhiyw Ft¶msSm¸w ]mTimebnse kl]mTnIÄ ho«n h¶p. Ahsc k¡cn¡m³ H¶pap­mbncp¶nÃ. Rm³ InghnbpsS \q tamjvSn¨v kl]mTnIsf k¡cn¨p. Inghn AhfpsS \q tamjvSn¨Xdnªt¸mÄ Fs¶ anJvemkv F¶p hnfn¨p. ]ns¶ FÃmhcpw AXpXs¶ hnfn¨p. Iptd Ignªt¸mÄ B t]cv t]mbn. Rm³ ho­pw a³kzqdmbn. Ct¸mÄ ChnsS Rm³ \Kcw \nÀan¡psa¶v F\n¡pd¸mbn.'

_mKvZmZv, _KvZm³ F¶t]cnepw Adnbs¸Sp¶p. _mKv+ZmZv F¶ c­v t]Àjy³ ]Z§Ä tNÀ¯mWv _mKvZmZv ]nd¶sX¶mWv Ncn{XImc\mb bmJq¯v ]dbp¶Xv. AÀYw ZmZnsâ tXm«w. _mKv F¶m tXm«amWv. ZmZv AXnsâ DSaØ\pamWv.

_KvZm³ F¶m _Knsâ Zm\sa¶ÀYw. _Kvcn\ hn{KlamWs{X. Nne C³tUmfUnÌpIfpsS A`n{]mb¯n `Khmsâ Zpjn¨ cq]amWv _Kv F¶pw `KZm³ F¶m `Khmsâ Zm\amsW¶pamWv. CdJv, DaÀ(d) sâ `cWIme¯v apkvenwIÄ tamNn¸n¡p¶Xphsc Cdmsâ `mKambncp¶p. Cdm\nIfpsSbpw C´y¡mcpsSbpw aXhpw `mjbpw ]ucmWnI Ime¯v ]ckv]c kmZriyapÅhbmbncp¶p.

a³kzqÀ Cu ]«W¯n\v \ÂInb t]cv aZo\¯pÊemw F¶mWv. kam[m\¯nsâ \Kcw.

a³kzqÀ Xsâ XeØm\ \nÀamW¯n\v temI¯nsâ \m\m`mK¯p \n¶pw sXmgnemfnIsfbpw F©n\obÀamscbpw kmt¦XnI hnZKv[·mscbpw hcp¯n. bmJq¯v ]dbp¶Xv AhcpsS F®w Hcpe£ambncp¶psh¶mWv.

tPymÕyÀ Cu Jeo^bpsS Hcp ZuÀ_eyambncp¶p. tPmÕyÀ \nÝbn¨psImSp¯ aplqÀ¯¯nemWv CXn\v Xd¡Ãn«sX¶v bmJq¯vv tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p (XmcoJp Ckvemw, lk³ C{_mlnw, t]Pv 369).

Camw A_ql\o^(d) \Kc\nÀamW¯n Hcp F³Pn\obdmbn {]hÀ¯n¨n«p­v. AXn\p ImcWap­v. Jeo^ Camant\mSv PUvPnbpsS Øm\w hln¡m³ ap¼v Bhiys¸«ncp¶p. Camw B A`yÀY\ \nckn¨p. "\n§sf Rm³ Fs¶¦nepw Hcp tPmen`mctan¸n¡pw.' a³kzqÀ i]Yw sNbvXp. GXmbmepw Camw a\anÃm a\tÊmsS DtZymKw kzoIcnt¡­nh¶p. \nÀamW¯n\pÅ CjvSnI \ÂIembncp¶p At±l¯nsâ tPmen. e£¡W¡n\v CjvSnIIfmWv \ÂtI­Xv. FÃmwIqSn F®n¡W¡m¡pI {]bmkIcamWv. Camw Hcp ZWvsUSp¯v CjvSnIIfpsS \ncIsf®n B {]iv\w ]cnlcn¨p. Camansâ Cu D]IcW¯n\v ]n¶oSv \nÀamW cwK¯v \à {]Nmcw e`n¨p. henb BÀ`mSt¯msSbmWv ]«W¯nsâ inemØm]\ NS§p \S¶Xv. Jeo^amcn ep_v[\mWv a³kzqsd¦nepw Xsâ \Kc\nÀanXn¡v ]Ww \nÀtem`w Nnehgn¨p. Hcp tImSn A¼Xp e£w Zo\mÀ CXn\pth­n hn\ntbmKn¨Xmbn Ncn{XImc·mÀ ]dbp¶p. AXv Hcp `oaamb XpIbmWv. {]tXyIn¨pw ]Xnaq¶p iXI§Ä¡v ap¼v. ]«W¯nsâ \nÀamW]camb hniZmwi¯nte¡v IS¡p¶nÃ, AXpsIm­v {]tbmP\hpanÃ.

lnPvd Ggmw \qäm­n XmÀ¯mÀ sImůeh³ slmÃms¡mJm³ Ahkm\s¯ Aºmknb Jeo^ aqk XAvkow_nÃsb h[n¡pIbpw _mKvZmZns\ Np«pIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AXn Pohlm\n kw`hn¨hcpsS F®w e£¡W¡mWv. \qdp¡W¡n\pÅ {KÙmeb§fpw \jvSambn. AhbpsS Nmcsamgp¡nbXnsâ ^eambn ssS{Kokn aq¶pZnhkw \o­p\n¶ shÅs¸m¡ap­mbXmbn ]dbs¸Sp¶p.

]n¶oSv _mKvZmZv DbnÀs¯gpt¶Â¸n¡s¸«Xv c­mw temI almbp²¯n\p tijw AhnsS lminan¿nIfpsS `cWw Øm]n¨t¸mgmWv. 1932 {_n«³, ss^k _n³ ico^v lpssk\p CdmJnsâ `cWta¸n¨t¸mÄ kzX{´ CdmJnsâ Ncn{Xw Bcw`n¨p. 1958 P\d A_vZpÂIcow Jmknansâ t\XrXz¯n \S¶ ]«mf hn¹hw cmPIob `cWw XpS¨pamän. CdmJv Hcp dn¸»n¡mbn. KXIme¯v A©p \qämt­mfw CkvemanI kwkvImc¯nsâ kncmtI{µambncp¶p _mKvZmZv. B \à Imew _mKvZmZnIÄ KrlmXpcXtbmsS HmÀ¡p¶p.

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