A¯mgs¸cpa
dafzm³
amk¯nse hntijs¸« `£WcoXnbmWv A¯mgw. A¯mgw Ign¡Â kp¶¯mWv. Cu hnjb¯n [mcmfw
lZokpIÄ ImWmw. NneXv i²n¡pI: A\kv(d)hn \n¶v, \_n(kz) ]dªp: \n§Ä
A¯mgap®pI. XoÀ¨, A¯mg¯n _dIXpv'(_pJmcn, apkvenw, XnÀapZn, \kmC, C_v\pamP),
kÂam³(d)hn \n¶v, \_n(kz) ]dªp: aq¶p Imcy¯n ]pWyw DÄs¡mncn¡p¶p. AXnÂ
H¶mWv A¯mgw'(Xz_vdm\n). Awdp_v\p Bkzn(d)hn \n¶v, \_nX§Ä ]dªp: "AlvepInXm_nsâbpw
\½psSbpw {hX§Ä X½nepÅ hyXymkw A¯mgt`mP\amIp¶p'(apkvenw, A_qZmhqZv,
XnÀapZn, \kmC, C_v\pJpsska). C_v\p DaÀ (d)hn \n¶v, \_n(kz) ]dªp:
AÃmlphpw Ahsâ amemJamcpw A¯mgap®p¶hÀ¡v kvXpXnbÀ¸n¡pIbpw AhcpsS KpW¯n\pthn
{]mÀYn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p'(Xz_vdm\n, C_v \plnºm³).
A¯mg
hn[nIÄ
lZokpIsf
B[mcam¡n IÀaimkv{X ]WvVnX·mÀ cq]s¸Sp¯nb A¯mghn[nIÄ {i²n¡pI. (1) A¯mgw
Ignbp¶{X ]n´n¡Â kp¶¯mIp¶p. (2) Hcp Cd¡v shÅamWv A¯mgsa¦n Xs¶bpw ASnØm\]camb
kp¶¯v Dd¸phcp¯mhp¶XmWv. (3) A¯mg¯n\p Imc¡ D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv {]tXyIw ]pWyapÅXmWv.
(4) AÀ[cm{XntbmsSbmWv A¯mg¯nsâ kabw.(5) {]`mXamsb¶ kwib¯nemsW¦n A¯mgw
Hgnhm¡p¶XmWv \ÃXv. A¯csamchØ hsc sshIn¨v, A ¯mgw ]n´n¡pI F¶ ]pWyw
kzmb¯am¡m³ {ian¡cpXv. (6) A¯mgw Hgnhm¡p¶Xv IpäIcaÃ. (7) anXamb \nebnÂ
A¼Xp JpÀB³ hmIyw HmXn¯oÀ ¡ms\Sp¡p¶ kabw kzp_vln _m¦n\v ap¼v Ahtijn¡p¶Xphsc
A¯mgw ]n´n¡pIbmbncp¶p ]qÀÆnIcpsS ssien.
(8)
A¯mgw kp¶¯mbXn\p]n¶n {][m\ambn cv Dt±iy§fpv. H¶v: {hX¯n\p iàn]IcpI.
cv: thZ¡mcpsS t\m¼nsâ ssienbn \n¶pÅamäw. (9) A¯mgw ]n´n¡p¶Xv
kw_Ôambn {]apJ ]WvVnX\mb C_v\p A_oPwd(d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: \_n(kz) Cu
hnjb¯n kapZmb¯n\p IqSpX KpW{]Zhpw BbmkclnXhpamb hyhØbmWv \nÀWbn¨p X¶ncn¡p¶Xv.
A¯mgw ths¶psh¨m AXv P\§Ä¡p hnjaIcamIpw. F¶m ]mXncm{Xnbn Xs¶ thWsa¶msW¦nÂ
]e {]iv\§fpw A`napJoIcnt¡nhcpw. Dd¡nsâ B[nIy¯m NnecpsS kzp_vln
\jvSs¸Sm³ ImcWamIpw. Dds¡mgn¡m³ _p²nap«pÅhÀ¡pw {]iv\amWv. CsXÃmw
AdnªpXs¶bmWv A¯mgw ]n´n¡Â kp¶¯msW¶Xv \nbaam¡nbncn¡p¶Xv'.
"A¯mg¯nÂ
_dIXpv.' F¶v ]dªXv {]Xn^es¯ Dt±in¨mImw. Asæn A¯mg kabs¯ Fgpt¶Â¸pw
DWÀÆpw {]mÀY\bpw AÀYam¡nbmImw. ZnIvdv ZpBIÄ¡v D¯cw {]Xo£n¡mhp¶
kabamWtÃm AXv.
P\m_Xv
t]msebpÅ henb Aip²nbpÅhÀ ^Pvdn(kzp_vln)sâ ap¼v Ipfn¡epw kp¶XmWv.
t\m¼nsâ BZyw apX Xs¶ ip²nbpÅh\mIp¶Xn\pw hpfzqAv apdnbp ¶ `mKt¯¡v shÅw
tNcmXncn¡p¶Xn\pw thnbmWnXv.
Bßmhns\
sImÃcpXv
t\m¼pImew a\pjy\v Bßobu¶Xyw IcØam¡m\pÅ AhkcamWv. AXpsImv sXäpIÄ ]mtS
Dt]£n¨v, kpJmkzmZ\apà\mbn, Cemlo kmao]y¯n\pthn ]cn{ian¡Ww. tIhew
D]cn¹hamb NS§pIfnsemXp§p¶ t\m¼v D±njvS^ew t\Sn¯cnÃ. {hXw ^eh¯mIWsa¶ps¦nÂ
B´cnIamb aqey§Ä¡pw Nn«IÄ¡pw hne I¸n¡Ww.
No¯
hm¡pIfpw {]hr¯nIfpw Dt]£nt¡Xv kXyhnizmkn¡v FÃm Ime¯pw \nÀ_Ôw Xs¶bmWv.
F¶m dafzm³ ]cnKWn¨v C¯cw {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v ISp¯ \nb{´WtaÀs¸Sp¯m³ {]tXyIw \nÀt±in¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p.
No¯ ]dbÂ,
]cZqjWw, Ifhv ]db XpS§nb \mhv sImpÅ FÃm IpäIrXy§fn \n¶pw t\m¼pImc³
Hgnhmbn \n¡ iànbmÀÖn¨ kp¶XmIp¶p. t\m¼n sâ {]Xn^es¯ Ah CÃmXm¡psa¶XmWv
ImcWw. IÀaimkv{X]WvVnX·mÀ hyàam¡nbXmWn¡mcyw. kzlolmb lZokpIÄ CXv
Ipdn¡pIbpw Camw im^n'Cu(d)bpw AhnSps¯ Akzvlm_pw CXv hyàam¡pIbpw
sNbvXn«pv. t\m¼p Xs¶ Akm[phmIpsa¶v ]dªhcpw ]WvVnXcnepv.
Ifhp]dbÂ
A\phZ\obamb L«amsW¦n t]mepw dafzm\n AsXmgnhm¡pIbm Wv ]pWysa¶p ]WvVnX·mÀ
]dbp¶p. cpt]À¡nSbn tbmPn¸pm¡m³ Bhiysa¦n BtcmKyIcamb AkXyw ]dbmhp¶XmWv.
F¶m dafzm\n AXv sN¿mXncn¡p¶XmWv \ÃXv. AtXkabw Ifhp]db \nÀ_Ôambn hcp¶
Ahkc¯n A§s\ ]dbp¶Xn\v dafzm\n {]tXyI XSÊanÃ. DZmlcW¯n\v HcmfpsS Poh³
c£s¸Sp¯m³ ]dbp¶ AkXyw.
icocw ]qÀWambn
ldman \ns¶mgnhm¡n \nÀ¯Â A\nhmcyamWv. Ko_¯v t]msebpÅ \njn² {]hÀ¯\§fmÂ
t\m¼nsâ {]Xn^ew \jvSs¸Spsa¶mWv {]amW§Ä hyàam¡p¶Xv. Bhiy¯n\msW¦nÂ
t]mepw No¯]dbepw aäpw dafzm³ Ime¯v Hgnhmt¡XmWv. Bsc¦nepw Xs¶ No¯ ]dªmÂ
a\Ên Rms\mcp t\m¼pImc\mWtÃm Ft¶mÀ¡Â \ÃXmWv. temIam\y`mhw hcm¯ kµÀ`¯nÂ
C¡mcyw ctm aqt¶m XhW Xpd¶p]dbmhp¶XmWv. ImcWw CXv Hcp]t£, FXncmfnsb
]n´ncn¸n¡m³ CSbm¡ntb¡mw. kzbw hncan¡m\panXp klmbIamtb¡mw.
ldmansâ
IeÀ¸pÅ `£Ww, ImWepw tIÄ¡epw A\phZ\obamb Imcy§fmsW¦n X s¶ AhaqeapÅ
BkzmZ\w, kpKÔ kv]Ài\w, AXv hmk\n¡Â XpS§nb Imcy§sf sh Snªv \n¡epw kp¶XmWv..
C¯cw A\phZ\obamb BkzmZ\§Ä Xs¶ dafzm\n Idml¯msW¶p ]WvVnXm`n{]mbw. CX\pkcn¨v
t\cw t]m¡n\v \mw sN¿p¶ ]e Imcy§fpw dafzm\n Hgnhmt¡XmWv.
kpKÔap]tbmKn¡Â F¶ Idml¯pw kpKÔ¯ns\ Xnckv¡cn¡Â F¶ Idml¯pw sshcp²yambn
hcpt¼mÄ D]tbmKn¡Â F¶ Idml¯ns\ ]cnKWn¨v AXns\ Dt]£n¡pIbmWv thXv.
t\m¼nsâ {]Xn^ew Ipdbm³ AXv ImcWamIpsa¶Xv sImp Xs¶. HcmÄ Xcp¶ kpKÔw
d±v sNbvXXv sImv t\m¼nsâ {]Xn^e¯n\v Npcp¡sam¶pw hcp¶nÃ. kpdpabnSp¶Xns\
Dt]£n¡epw t\m¼pImc\v A`nImayamsW¶v Camw dpAvbm\n(d) lnÂbbn {]kvXmhn¨n«pv.
A_qlpdbvd(d)hn \n¶v \nthZ\w: t\m¼v XXz¯n Xoäbpw IpSnbpw Hgnhm¡Â
am{XaÃ. A\mhiy§fpw icotcÑIfpw]mtS \nb{´n¡emWv t\m¼nsâ ImXemb hiw' (C_v\pJpsska,
C_v\plnºm³, lmInw). Hcp lZokn Nnet\m¼pImsc¡pdn¨v {]hmNIÀ C§s\
A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p."F{Xsb{X t\m¼pImcmWv. tIhew Zmlhpw hni¸pw kln¨psh¶ÃmsX
AhÀ¡v asäm¶pw e`n¡p¶nÃ' (C_v\pamP, \kmC, lmInw).
t\m¼pXpd
t\m¼pXpdbpambn _Ôs¸« Nne lZokpIfpw IÀahn[nIfpw ImWpI. klvev _n³
k'AvZn \n¶p \nthZ\w. \_n(kz) ]dªp: ""t\m¼p Xpd¡m³ kabamsb¶pd¸mbm s]s«¶pXs¶
AXv sN¿p¶Xv P\§Ä¡v \·bÃmsX hcp¯p¶XÃ'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw).
A_qAXzn¿(d) ]dbp¶p: ""Rm\pw hµycmb akvdqJpw BCim_ohnbpsS khn[¯n sN¶p
tNmZn¨p. {]nb amXmth, kzlm_nIfn cpt]À t\m¼pXpdbpsS Imcy¯n `n¶X ]peÀ¯p¶Xv
ImWm³ Ignªp. HcmÄ kabambm s]s«¶p Xpd¡pIbpw \nkvIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. A]c³
t\m¼p Xpd sshInbmWv \S¯p¶Xv. \nkvImchpw A¸w sshIn¨mWv \nÀhln¡p¶Xv.
BcmWv t\m¼pXpd DSs\ \nÀhln¡p¶ hyàn? AhÀ At\zjn¨p. A_vZpÃmln_v\v
akv'DuZv(d)bmWv. R§Ä ]dªp. At¸mÄ alXn ]dªp. \_nX§Ä A§s\bmbncp¶p
sNbvXncp¶Xv. t\m¼pXpd¡m³ kabambm ]ns¶ X§Ä Xmakn¸n¡mdpmbncp¶nÃ. \nkvImc¯nsâ
Imcyhpw A§s\ Xs¶bmbncp¶p' (apkvenw).
A_qlpdbvd(d)hn \n¶v. \_n(kz) ]dªp. AÃmlp ]dbp¶p: "Fsâ Zmk·mcn \n¶v
Rmt\ähpw CjvSs¸Sp¶ hn`mKw t\m¼p Xpd¡m³ kabambm sshImsX AXv \nÀhln¡p¶hcmWv'
IÀ½hn[nIÄ
kqcymkvXa\w t_m[yambm DSs\ t\m¼v Xpd¡epw kp¶XmWv. \S¶pt]mIp¶
Ahkc¯nemWv kabamIp¶sX¦n At¸mÄ Xs¶ hgnbnÂsh¨v t\m¼pXpd¡Ww. kabamtbm
Ctà F¶p kwibn¡p¶ kµÀ`¯n Dd¸mImsX t\m¼pXpd¡Â \njn²amWv. t\m¼pXpd¶ tijw
\nkvIcn¡emWv kp¶¯v. F¶m t\m¼pXpd¡m³ \n¶m PamAt¯m, XIv_odXpÂ
Clvdmansâ t{ijvTXtbm \jvSs¸Spsa¶ps¦n t\m¼pXpd ]n´n¡mhp¶XmWv. PamA¯pw
\nkvImchpw t\m¼pXpd¶Xn\p tijw X s¶bmWv \St¯Xv. t\m¼v Xpd¡p¶Xv
Imc¡(DW§nbXv) sImmbncn¡p¶Xpw kp¶XmWv. F¶m Cu¯¸gw(]gp¯Xv) sImv
Xpd¡emWv Gähpw \ÃXv. AXv aq ¶v F®w sImpambncn¡emWv ]cn]qÀWambXv.
CXnsæn ]ns¶ shÅw D]tbmKn¨v sImmbncn¡emWv kp¶¯v. kwkw shÅambncp¶mÂ
t]mepw AXns\¡mfp¯aw Imc¡ Xs¶.
]t£, Imc¡
e`n¡m³ kabw ]n´p¶ ]£w AXv {]Xo£n¨ncn¡p¶Xntesd ]cnKW\obambXv shÅw
D]tbmKn¨v sImmbmepw t\m¼v Xpd¡ens\ ap´n¡emWv. IqSpXepw ldmansâ IeÀ¸pÅ
Imc¡sb¡mfp¯aw ldmansâ IeÀ¸v Ipdª shÅw Xs¶bmsW¶v Camw C_v\plPÀ(d) {]kvXmhn¨n«pv.
Imc¡ Csæn ]n s¶ t{ijvTambXv shÅw Xs¶bmsW¶v Camw \hhn(d)bpw dm^n'Cu(d)bpw
{]kvXmhn¨n«pv. At¸mÄ shÅs¯¡mfp¯aambXv a[pcapÅ atäsX¦nepw hkvXp¡fmsW¶
NnecpsS A`n{]mbw _elo\amIp¶p. Imc¡bpsS Øm\w ap´ncn¡ps¶ A`n{]mbw _elo\ambXv
t]mse Xs¶. shÅansæn t\m¼pXpd¡m³ \ÃXv thhn¡msX Ign¡p¶ a[pcapÅ
hkvXp¡fmWv. ap´ncn, tX³ F¶nh DZmlcWw. kqcy\kvXan¨ DSs\, t\m¼v Xpd¡p¶Xn\v
ap¼v shÅw hmbnseSp¯p Npgän¯p¸p¶Xv Idml¯mWv. AXv D¨¡ptijw {_jv sN¿p¶Xv
t]msebmWv.
""AÃmlp½
eI kzpwXp h'Aem cnkvJznI A^vXzÀXp'(AÃmlpth \n\¡v thn Rm³ t\m¼\pjvTn¨p.
\nsâ cnkvJzv sImv Rm³ t\m¼v Xpd¡pIbpw sNbvXp) F¶ ZnIvdv t\m¼v Xpd¶
DSs\ sNmàkp¶XmWv. shÅw sImmWv t\m¼v Xpd¡p¶sX¦n Ah³ C§s\ IqSn ]dbepw
kp¶XmWv. Zl_ ÅzaD h_vXÃXn DdqJzp h k_X APvdp C³im AÅm' (ZmlsaÃmw
t]mbn. Rc¼pIsfÃmw \\ªp. AÃmlp Dt±ins¨¦n {]Xn^ew Øncs¸«p.)
t\m¼p
Xpd¸n¡Â
t\m¼\pjvTn¨hsc
t\m¼v Xpd¸n¡epw kp¶Xv Xs¶. Ignbpsa¦n sshIpt¶cw `£Whpw AhÀ¡v \ÂIWw.
Csæn ]ns¶ tIhew t\m¼v Xpd¸n¡Â Xs¶. `£ Ww \ÂIpt¼mÄ AhcpsS IqsS Ccp¶v
`£n¡emWv t{ijvTambXv.
F¶mÂ
Ifhv ]dbÂ, ]cZqjWw, GjWn XpS§nb t\m¼nsâ {]Xn^ew CÃmXm¡p¶ Imcy§Ä sNbvXp
sImncp¶ t\m¼pImcs\ t\m¼v Xpd¸n¡Â {]Xn^emÀlamtWm? F¶Xn Bi¦bps¶mWv ]WvVnX·mÀ
]dbp¶Xv. F¦nepw AÃmlphnsâ hnimeamb HuZmcyt¯mSv A\ptbmPyambn tXm¶p¶Xv
t\m¼v Xpd¸n¨h\v {]Xn^ew e`n¡psa¶v Xs¶bmWv . ImcWw {]Xn^e e_v[nbmWtÃm
Ahsâ Dt±iyw.
]ckv]cw
kvt\lhpw kulmÀ±hpw Du«nbpd¸n¡m\pw dafzm³Ime Bßobmthiw A ]c\v ]Icm\psaÃmw
CXv Ifsamcp¡p¶p. t\m¼p Xpd¸n¡p¶Xn\p t{]mÕml\w \ Ip¶ Nne \_nhN\§Ä
ImWpI. sskZp_v³ Pl\n(d)hn \n¶v. \_n(kz) ]d ªp: "Bsc¦nepw Hcp
t\m¼pImcs\ Xpd¸n¨m B t\m¼pImc\p e`n¡p¶Xv t]msebpÅ {]Xn^ew Xpd¸n¨h\pw
{]Xo£n¡mhp¶XmWv. t\m¼pImcsâ {]Xn^e¯n\p bmsXmcpIpdhpw CXphcp¯p¶XÃ'(XnÀapZn,
\kmC, C_v\pamP, C_v\pJpsska, C_v\plnºm³).
\_n(kz)
]dªp: "Hcp tbm²mhns\tbm lÖv bm{X¡mcs\tbm Hcp¡nbb¡pI, Ahsâ ho«pImcy§Ä
GsäSp¡pI, t\m¼pImcs\ t\m¼v Xpd¸n¡pI XpS§nb Imcy§Ä Bsc¦nepw sNbvXmÂ
ChÀ¡v e`n¡p¶ {]Xn^e¯n\p kam\amb {]Xn^ew B {]hÀ¯n¨h\pw Dd¸n¡mhp¶XmWv' (C_v\pJpsska,
\kmC) kÂam³(d)hn \n¶v. \_n(kz) ]dªp: "lememb A¶]m\mZnIÄ \ÂIn
Bscsb¦nepw t\m¼p Xpd¸n¨m Xpd¸n¨h\pthn dafzm³ Ime¯v aeIpIÄ ]m]tamN\¯n\p
{]mÀY\ \S¯p¶XmWv. IqSmsX sseeXp JZv dn amemJamcpsS \mbI³ Pn_vcoÂ(A)
Ch\pthn AÃmlphn IcpWmISm£¯n\v tIgp¶XpamWv. (sseeXpÂJZvdn Pn_vcoÂ
Cbmsf ssI]nSn¨v BtÇjn¡p¶XmsW¶pw Hcp \nthZ\¯n ImWmw) (Xz_vdm\n, C_v\plnºm³).
kÂam³(d)hn \n¶v; \_nX§Ä ]Tn¸n¨p. "dafzm³ amk¯n t\m¼pXpd¸n¡p¶hcpsS ]m]§Ä
]cnlcn¡s¸Sp¶XmWv. \cItamN\¯n\p Xs¶ AXv \nan¯amIpw. t\m¼pImc\v e`n¡p¶Xv
t]mepÅ {]Xn^ew Xpd¸n¡p¶h\pw e`n¡p¶XmWv. CXptI«t¸mÄ kzlm_¯v BhemXns¸«p.
\_ntb, R§fn FÃmhÀ¡pw t\m¼pXpd¸n¡m\pÅ km¼¯nI tijnbnÃtÃm. {]hmNIÀ ]dªp:
"Hcp Imc¡tbm A¸w shÅtam ]mtem \ÂInbmWv t\m¼v Xpd¸n¨sX¦nepw Cu {]Xn^ew
t\Smhp¶XmWv' (C_v\pJpsska).
Zm\ [À½w
s]mXpsh ]pWyapÅXmbncnt¡ dafzm\n AXns\ hÀ[n¸n¡Â iànbpÅ kp ¶XmWv. dafzm\nse
Ahkm\s¯ ]¯n hfsc IqSpX iànbmÀÖn¨Xpw. k´m\§Ä ¡v `£WImcy§fnepw aäpw
hnimeX sNbvXp sImSp¡epw IpSpw_§Ä¡pw AbÂhmknIÄ¡pw ImcpWyw sN¿epw kp¶XmWv.
\_n(kz)tbmSv A\pIcn¡m\mWnXv.
JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw
JzpÀB³ ]mcmbWs¯
hÀ[n¸n¡epw henb ]pWyw Xs¶. aeaq{X hnkÀÖ\ Øe§Ä, Ip¸¡pgn, Adhpime XpS§nb
Aip²amb Øe§fn BImXncn¡pt¼mgmWv C¸dªXv. hgn, Ipfnapdn XpS§nb Øe§fnÂ
sh¨v JzpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sNbvXmepw {]Xn^emÀlw Xs¶.
JzpÀB³
a\x]mTapÅh\mbmepw apkzvl^nte¡v t\m¡n HmXp¶Xv Xs¶bmWv IqSpXÂ t{i
jvTambXv. JzpÀB³ ]mcmbW¯nsâbpw apkvzl^nte¡v t\m¡p¶Xnsâbpw ]pWy§Ä Ah\v
ka\zbn¸n¡m³ Ignbp¶psh¶XmWv ImcWw. F¶m apkzvl^nte¡v t\m¡p¶Xv sImv `ànbpw
Nn´bpw CÃmXmIpsa¶v Im t\m¡n HmXp¶ Xv ]pWyIcaÃ.
JzpÀB³ ]mcmbW¯n\v
Gähpw t{ijvTamb kabw ]I kzp_vlv \nkvImc tijhpw cm{Xnbn A¯mg
kabhpamIp¶p. CXv Ignªm aKvcn_n\pw 'CimC\panSbnepw. JzpÀB ³ ]mcmbWw
cm{XnbmIp¶XmWv Gähpw D¯aw. AXp Xs¶ \nkvImctijhpw.
Hcp
hÀj¯n cv {]mhiysa¦nepw JzpÀB³ ]qÀWambpw JXvav sN¿Â A\nhmcyamsW¶mWv _lp.
A_pssÃkv(d) _pkvXm\n {]kvXmhn¨n«pÅXv. AXnepw hÀ[n¸n¡m³
IgnbnsænemWn¸dªXv. Camw A_ql\o^(d) ]dbp¶p. ""FÃm hÀjhpw cv {]mhiyambn
JzpÀB³ JXvav sNbvXh³ Ahsâ _m[yX ho«nbh\mbn''. F¶m Camw AlvaZp_v\p
l¼en(d)sâ hm¡pIÄ C{]ImcamWv. bmsXmcp {]Xn_Ôhpw IqSmsX \m¸Xv Znhk¯n\¸pdw
J Xvap JzpÀB³ ]n´n¡p¶Xv Idml¯mWv. C_v\p'Awdn(d) \n¶pÅ lZokmWnXn \v sXfnhv.
JpÀB³
AhXcW¯n\p XpS¡w Ipdn¨ amkamWv dafzm³. CXv apkvenwIÄ¡p hensbmc\p{KlamWtÃm.
A\p{Kl¯n\pÅ \µn{]Imihpw kt´mj{]IS\hpw BtLmjamW¶p ]dbp¶Xn sXänÃ.
BtLmjw CkvemanIambncn¡Wsa¶p am{Xw. JpÀB\n C§s\ ImWmhp¶XmWv. "AÃmlphnsâ
dlvaXv, ^fvevv F¶nhsImp hnizmknIÄ kt´mjw sImÅs« F¶p \_ntb, X§Ä {]Jym]n¡pI(kqdx
bq\pkv 75). Cu hmIy¯nse dlvaXv {]hmNIcmsW¶pw ^fvev ]cnip² JpÀB\msW¶pw
{]apJ ap^ÊndpIÄ tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pv. Cu hN\¯nsâ ]ÝmXe¯n hnip² d_oDw dafzm\pw
BtLmjnt¡XmsW ¶p hyàamIp¶pv. F§s\bmWnh BtLmjnt¡Xv?
Ckvemanse BtLmj¯nsâ apJyLSIw \µn {]IS\amWv. Bcm[\mIÀa§fneqsSbmIWw \µn{]Imiw
F¶mWv aX¯nsâ imk\. B Bcm[\m IÀ½§fn {][m\w t\m¼\pjvTm\hpw JpÀB³ ]mcmbWhpamWv.
Zm\[À½§Ä, ]cklmbw, kvt\lhm¡pIÄ ssIamd XpS§nbhbpw Bcm[\bpsS `mKw X s¶.
JpÀB³ hmÀjnIamb dafzm³ BtLmj¯n {hXmNcWw \nÀ_Ô _m[yXbm¡nbncn¡bmWÃmlp.
{]hmNI P·Zn\amb Xn¦fmgvN {hXmNcWw kp¶¯pamWv. JpÀB³ AhXcW amkamb dafzm\nÂ
JpÀB³ ]mcmbW¯n\v Gsd {]m[m\yapv.
Camw _pJmcn(d)
\nthZ\w sNbvX lZokn dafzm³ amk¯n FÃm cmhnepw Pn_vcoÂ(A) Xncp\_n(kz)
k¶n[nbn h¶p JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sNbvXncp ¶p F¶p ]dbp¶p. dafzm³ amk¯n aäp
ZnIvdpIsf¡mÄ {]m[m\yw ]cnip² JpÀB³ ]mcmbW¯n\ps¶Xn\v Cu lZokv tcJbmsW¶v
Camw \hhn(d) ]dªn«pv.
idlpÂ
apl±_v ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: ""dafzm\n JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw hÀ[n¸n¡Â kp¶¯msW¶p {]kvXpX
lZokv B[mcam¡n ]WvVnX·mÀ ]dªncn¡p¶p. AXpt]mse HcmÄ JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw
sNbvXpsImSp¡pIbpw A]c³ AXptI«v ]mcmbWw sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶ apZmdkXv F¶
coXnbpw ]pWyapÅXmIp¶p.' Pn_vcoÂ(A) \_n(kz)bpsS ASp¡Â h¶v Cu coXnbnemWv
]mcmbWw sNbvXncp¶sh¶v {]kvXpX lZokv hyàam¡p¶pv.
JpÀB³ ]mcmbW¯n\p
am{Xaà JpÀB³ ]T\¯n\pw dafzm\n {]m[m\yapv. JpÀB³ ]mcmbW imkv{X]T\w,
JpÀB³ ktµi {]NmcWw, JpÀB³ ]mcmbW kwKaw XpS§nb h¡pw dafzm\n ]cnKW\ \ÂIWw.
Camw C_v\plPdnÂ
sslXan(d) D²cn¡p¶Xv ImWpI: ""]qÀÆkqcnIfn A[nIt]cpw BgvNbn HcpXhW
JpÀB³ HmXn¯oÀ¯ncp¶p F¶mWv Ncn{{Xw. HäZnhkw sImv ]qÀWambn HmXn¯oÀ¡pI ]Xnhm¡nbhcpapmbncp¶p.
cmhpw ]Iepambn cv JXvav JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sNbvXncp¶hscbpw Ncn{X¯n ImWmw.
Zn\w{]Xn aq¶pXhW JpÀB³ HmXn¯oÀ¯ncp¶ ]ecpapmbncp¶p. cmhn \mepw ]IenÂ
\mepw F¶ tXmXn HcpZnhkw F«pXhW JpÀB³ HmXn¯oÀ¯ atlm¶Xcpw Dmbncp¶s{X.
kzq^n Nn´I\mbncp¶ C_v\p ImXn_v(d)hns\ Camw \hhn(d) C¡q«¯n F®nbncn¡p¶p.
Hcp Znhkw Gähpw IqSpXÂ {]mhiyw JpÀB³ HmXnbXv F«p{]mhiyamWs{X. Xm_nCu
{]apJcnÂs¸« a³kzqdp_v³ kmZm³ fplvdv Akzdn\nSbn HcpXhW JpÀB³
HmXn¸qÀ¯oIcn¨ncp¶Xmbn Ncn{XtcJIfn ImWp¶p. aKvcn_v CimC\nSbn HcpXhW
IqSn At±lw JpÀB³ HmXn¯oÀ¡mdpmbncp¶p. apPmlnZv(d) dafzm\n Cim aKvcn_n\nSbnÂ
HcpXhW JpÀB³ HmXn¯oÀ¯ncp¶psh¶v C_v\p A_oZmhqZv {]_e ]c¼cbp²cn¨p
ØncoIcn¨ncn¡p¶p. \nkvImc¯n JpÀB³ ]qÀWambn HmXn¯oÀ¯hÀ ]ecpapv. 'Dkvam\p_v\p
'A^v^m³(d), Xaoap±mcn(d), kCuZp_v\p Ppss_À(d) F¶nhÀ Cu KW¯n s]Sp¶p.
Npcp¡¯nÂ,
JpÀB³ JXvav sN¿pI F¶ IÀ½w ]qÀÆnIÀ {]m[m\yt¯msS Xs¶bmbncp¶p Incp¶Xv.
Camw im^nCu(d) sshÚm\nIamb tPmen¯nc¡pIÄ¡nSbn t]mepw dafzm\Ãm¯ Ime¯v
Zn\w {]Xn HcpXhW JpÀB³ ]qÀWambn HmXn¯oÀ¯ncp¶phs{X. dafzm\n At±lw cp
JXw XoÀ ¡pambncp¶p. amcIamb tcmK¯m hnjan¡pt¼mÄ t]mepw At±lw Cu ]Xnhv
sXän¨nÃ. im^nCu(d) ]dbpambncp¶ps{X. s\©n\pw s]m¡nfn\panSbn  `oXnZamb
H¼Xv tcmK§fm Rm³ ]co£n¡s¸SpIbmWv. Ahbn Hmtcm AkpJhpw Fsâ Poh³ l\n¡m³
iàamWv.
alm·mcpsS JpÀB³ ]mcmbW coXn C§s\sbms¡bmbncp¶p. dafzm\Ãm¯ Im e¯v Xs¶
AhÀ CÆnjb¯n hogvNhcp¯nbncp¶nÃ. dafzm\n khnij {i² ]peÀ¯pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p.
hnip² JpÀB\pambpÅ Cu _Ôw Ahsc amlmßy¯nsâ D¶Xnbnte¡pbÀ¯n. hnizkn¡m³ {]bmkw
tXm¶ntb¡mw. F¶m Cem lo {]oXnbm A\p{KloXcmb al¯p¡Ä¡v Ahsâ A\p{Klklmb¯mÂ
]et¸mgpw Akm[mcWamwhn[w C§s\ {]hÀ¯n¡m³ Ignªncp¶psh¶Xn\p Ncn{X¯n tcJIÄ
ImWmhp¶XmWv. Camw im^nCu(d) ]e IÀaimkv{Xhn[nIfpw Is¯m³ JpÀB³ ]eXhW a\ÊnÂ
]mcmbWw \S¯nbncp¶p. ssiJv Poem\n(d) Hcp Imen \n¶v HcpJXvav XoÀ¯ncp¶psh¶v
Ncn{X¯n ImWmw. cm{Xn Dd¡w hcmXncn¡m\mbncp¶p C§s\ sNbvXncp¶sX¶p At±lw
Xs¶ ]dªpImWp¶p. Cim kp_vln¡nSbnembncp¶p Cu J Xvav \S¯nbncp¶Xv.
A_vZpÃmln_v\p akvDuZv(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w: \_n(kz) ]dªp: "AÃmlphnsâ {KÙ¯nÂ
]mcmbWw sN¿p¶ Hmtcm A£c¯n\pw {]Xn^ew Dd¸n¡mhp¶XmWv. B {]Xn^ew ]¯paS§pIfmbmWv
]cnKWn¡s¸SpI. Aen^v emw aow. F¶Xv Hcp A£camsW¶ hmZw \ap¡nÃ. adn¨v, Aen^pw
emapw aoapw Hmtcm A£cambn¯s¶bmWv ]cnKWn¡s¸SpI'(XnÀapZn).
D]cypà
lZokv JpÀB³ ]mcmbW¯nsâ alXzw hyàam¡p¶p. Hc£c¯n sâ {]Xn^ew Xs¶ ]¯m¡n
\mY³ hÀ[n¸n¨pXcpsa¦n HcpXhW JpÀB³ JXvav sNbvXm F{Xam{Xw {]Xn^eamWv
e`n¡pI. JpÀB³ AÀYadnªp ]mcmbWw sNbvXmte {]Xn^ew e`n¡pIbpÅq F¶ [mcW
sXämsW¶v Cu lZokn \n¶p a\Ênem¡mw. Aen^v emw aow F¶ kqà¯nsâ Cu lZokv
DZmlcWam¡nbncn¡p¶p. aäp hN\§sft¸mse Hcp khntij Bibw Cu hN\w \ÂIp¶nÃ.
F¶n«pw Ah¡p {]Xn^eaps¶v ]dbp¶p. A_qlpdbvd(d)bn \n¶v: \_n(kz) ]dªp: "AÃmlphnsâ
`h\§fnsem¶n JpÀB³ ]T\ ]mcmbW¯n\mbn H¶n¨ptNcp¶ P\§fpsS ta im´nbpw
kam[m\ hpw hÀjn¡s¸Sp¶p. dlvaXv Ahsc s]mXnbpIbpw aeIpIÄ hebw sN¿p Ibpw
sN¿p¶p. AÃmlpXs¶ Ahsc hmgv¯n¸dbp¶p' (apkvenw, A_qZmhqZv).
asämcp
lZokv {i²n¡pI: "JpÀB\n \n¶psamcp Bb¯v {ihn¡p¶h\v hÀ [nXamb {]Xn^ew
tcJs¸Sp¯p¶XmIp¶p. JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sN¿p¶hÀ ¡v A´yZn\¯n AXv {]Imiambn `hn¡p¶XmWv'(AlvaZv).
A_qkCuZv(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w: "\_n(kz) ]dªp: ]ctam¶X\mb dºv ]dbp¶p.
JpÀB ³ ]mcmbWhpw AXpambpÅ _Ôhpw, Xsâ Bhiy§Ä Ft¶mSv tNmZn¡m\pÅ Ahkcw
BÀs¡¦nepw \jvSs¸Sp¯nbmÂ, tNmZn¡p¶hÀ¡v \ÂIp¶Xns\¡mÄ D¯aambXv AhÀ¡v Rm³
k½m\n¡p¶XmWv. AÃmlphnsâ Ieman\v aäp hN\§fn \n¶pÅ alXzw krjvSnIsf At]£n¨v
AÃmlphn\pÅ alXz¯n\p kam\amIp¶p'(XnÀapZn).
A_qaqkÂ
AivAcn(d)hn \n¶v: \_n(kz) ]dªp: "JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sN¿p¶ kXyhnizmkn Hmd©v
IWs¡bmIp¶p. Hmd©nsâ hmk\bpw cpNnbpw \ÃXmWtÃm. JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw ]XnhnÃm¯
apAvan³ Imc¡t]msebmWv. Imc¡¡v \Ã a[pcamWv. ]t£, hmk\ A{X lrZyaÃ. JpÀB³
]mcmbWw sN¿p¶ ap\m^nJv ssdlm³ t]msebmWv. \Ã hmk\bmWXn\v. ]t£, cpNn
Ibv]päXmIp¶p. JpÀB³ ]mcmbWanÃm¯ I]Shnizmkn B«§¡v kam\\mWv. AXnsâ
cpNnbpw KÔhpw No¯bmWtÃm'. asämcp \nthZ\¯n I]Shnizmkn F¶ Øm\¯v A[À½n
F¶ÀYw hcp¶ ^mPnÀ F¶ ]ZamWv {]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶Xv(_pJmcn, apkvenw).
kXyhnizmkw a\pjysâ AI¯fs¯ kpµcam¡pt¼mÄ JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw _mlyamb kuµcyw
hÀ[n¸n¡p¶p. _mlyZrjvSnbn Cuam³ {]ISamIWsa¦n JpÀB\pambpÅ _Ôw
kpØncam¡Wsa¶p Npcp¡w. A_qZÀdv(d) ]dbp¶p: ""Rms\mcn¡Â \_n(kz)sb kao]n¨v
F\n¡v D]tZiw \ÂIWsa¶mhiys¸«p. \_n(kz) ]dªp: \o XJvh ]peÀ¯pI. AXv
FÃmänsâbpw ImXemIp¶p. Rm³ hopw At]£n¨p. C\nbpw D]tZin¨mepw. At¸mÄ
AhnSp¶v {]XnIcn¨p. \o JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw ]Xnhm¡pI. AXv Cl¯n \n\¡v {]`bpw ]c¯nÂ
hensbmcp \n[nbpamIp¶p'' (C_v\plnºm³).
Pm_nÀ(d)hn \n¶p \nthZ\w: Xncp\_n(kz) {]Jym]n¨p. hnip² JpÀB³ in]mÀi
sN¿p¶Xpw B in]mÀi kzoIcn¡s¸Sp¶XpamIp¶p. Zo\ns\ kXyhXvIcn¡p¶Xpw
hnaÀiIsc D¯cw ap«n¡p¶XpamIp¶p. BcmtWm JpÀBs\ Xsâ ap¼n sh¡p¶Xv (]mcmbWw
]Xnhm¡p¶Xv) Ahsc AXv kzÀK¯nte¡m\bn¡p¶p. JpÀBs\ apXpIn\p ]ndInte¡v
sh¨hs\ AXv \cI¯nte¡v hen¨psImv t]mIp¶XpamWv'' (C_v\plnºm³).
JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw
sN¿m¯hÀ¡pw AXnsâ hn[n hne¡\pkcn¨v PohnXw \bn¡m¯hÀ ¡papÅ ap¶dnbn¸mWv Cu
hN\w \ÂIp¶Xv.
AlvaZv(d)
D²cn¡p¶ Hcp XncphN\¯nsâ Bibw Xmsg tNÀ¡p¶p: ""D_mZXp_v\pkzmanXn \n¶v:
""cm{Xn \nkvIcn¡p¶hÀ JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw D¨¯n \S¯s«. ImcWw hmbp aWvUe¯nÂ
A[nhkn¡p¶ aeIpIÄ \nkvImc¯n  ]¦psImÅp¶Xpw JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw {ihn¡p¶XpamIp¶p.
JpÀB³ ]m cmbWw tIÄ¡p¶ am{Xbn ho«nepw ]cnkc¯pambn \nesImÅp¶ apgph³ ]nimNp¡fpw
HmSnbIep¶XmWv. Bsc¦nepw cm{Xnkabs¯ \nkvImc¯n JpÀB³ HmXp¶psh¦n B
cm{Xn ASp¯ cm{XntbmSn§s\ ]dbp¶p: ""\o Cu a\pjy\v A\pIqeamb AhØbn \nesImffWw.
Ct±ls¯ cm{Xn \nkvImckab¯v ]Xnhpt]mse hnfn¨pWÀ¯pIbpwthWw''. C¯c¡mÀ
acn¨m kpµcamb cq]w]qv JpÀB³ ChcpsS Xe`mK¯v hs¶¯p¶XmWv. _Ôp¡Ä a¿n¯v
Ipfn¸n¨psImncn¡pt¼mÄ t]mepw JpÀB³ Nmc¯pXs¶ \n¡pas{X. a¿n¯v
I«nenÂsh¨p Ignªm {]kvXpX cq]w a¿n¯nsâ I^³]pSh¡p aoXw s\©nsâ `mKt¯¡v \o§p¶XmWv.
Ahkm\w a¿n¯ns\ J_dnÂsh¨v FÃmhcpw ]ncnªm ap³IÀ(A),\IoÀ(A) F¯pt¼mÄ Cu
cq]w AhÀ¡v ap¼n {]Xy£s¸Sp¶XmWv. Cu cq]t¯mSv aeIpIÄ ]dbpw: ""\n§Ä amdn\nÂ
¡pI. R§fnbmsf tNmZyw sN¿s«''.
At¸mÄ
JpÀBsâ B cq]w C§s\ {]XnIcn¡p¶XmWv. "IAv_bpsS \mYs\¯s¶bmWv kXyw. CbmÄ
Fsâ Iq«pImc\pw Bßkplr¯pambncp¶p. HchØbnepw Ct±ls¯ hn«p]ncnbm³ Rms\mcp¡aÃ.
\n§Ä¡v hÃXpw tNmZn¡m\mÚbps¦n AXv \n§Ä \S¯ns¡mÅpI. Cu a\pjy³ kzÀK¯nÂ
IS¡p¶Xphsc hn«p]ncnbm³ Rms\mcp¡aÃ. XpSÀ¶v B cq]w a¿n¯nt\mSn§s\ ]dbpas{X.
"{]nb kplrt¯, \n§Ä im´amhpI, kt´mjn¡pI. Rm \pv \n§Ä¡v Iq«pImc\mbn.
Rm³ \n§Ä¡v kXyhm\mb AbÂhmknbpw Bßkplr¯pw k´XklNmcnbpamIp¶p. AXpsImv \n§Ä
`bt¡XnÃ''.
Cu
hm¡pIÄ tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ B a¿n¯v tNmZn¡pw. "\n§fmcmWv?' B cq]w adp]Sn ]dbpw:
"\n§Ä cm{Xn Dds¡mgn¨p ]mcmbWw sNbvX JpÀB\mWv Rm³. Dds¡bpw ]Xps¡bpw \n§sfs¶
]mcmbWw sNbvXntÃ. \n§sfs¶ F{X tbm CjvSs¸«p. Rm³ \n§Äs¡mcp lchpw B\µhpambncp¶phtÃm.
C¶p Rm³ \n§sf CjvSs¸«XpImcWw AÃmlphpw \n§ sf CjvSs¸«ncn¡p¶p. ap³IÀ \Iodn(A)sâ
BKa\¯n\ptijw \n§Ä¡v bmsXmcp hnjahpw C\n hcm\nÃ. Hcpt]Snbpw th.
ap³IÀ \IoÀ(A)
tNmZy§Ä tNmZn¨p Øew hn«p Ignªm ]ns¶ J_dn JpÀB\pw B a\pjy\pw
am{XamIpw. JpÀB³ AbmtfmSv ]dbpas{X: "Rm³ \n§Ä¡v kpµchpw ss\Àa eyw \ndªXpamb
hncn¸p hncn¨pXcmw. \n§fpsS ImXpw JÂ_pw I®psaÃmw F\n¡pthn AÀ¸n¨Xn\p ]Icambn
at\mlcamb hncn¸p Rm³ \ÂImw. kpµcamb InS¸mSw Hcp¡n¯cmw'. JpÀB³ hm\temIt¯¡v
I®pbÀ¯pw. At¸mÄ AÃmlp B hncn¸v \ÂIp¶XmWv. Bdmw B Imi¯p \n¶v Bbncw
aeIpIfpw AhXcn¡p¶XmWv. AhÀ h¶v Cu a\pjy\v kemw ]dbpw. Cu Ahkc¯n JpÀB³
]dbpw: "C\n \n§Äs¡´p t]Sn¡m³. Rm³ \n§Ä¡pthn AÃmlphnt\mSv Bhiys¸«sXÃmw
CXm F¯nbncn¡p¶p. \n§Ä Fgpt¶ ¡pI. aeIpIÄ B hncn¸pIÄ \n§Ä¡v hncn¨pXcp¶XmWv'.
(XpSÀ¶v B J_dnSw hnimeam¡s¸Sp¶XmWv. GItZiw 400 hÀjs¯ bm{Xm
ssZÀLyapmIpw {]kvXpX J_dnsâ At¸mgs¯ hnimeX. AXn aeIpIÄ ]¨¸«p hncn¡p¶XmWv.
IkvXqcn KÔapÅ arZpeamb hncn¸n\p ]pdsa XebnWIfpw aäp cmPIob kuIcy§fpw
Hcp¡p¶XmWv. Xe`mK¯v kzÀWmewIrXamb hnf¡p I¯n¨psh¡pw. A´yZn\w hsc {]` ]c¯p¶
Hcp hnf¡pamSw Imensâ `mK¯pw Øm]n¡p¶XmWs{X. XpSÀ¶v aeIpIÄ Cu a\pjys\
heXp `mKt¯¡v Jn_ve¡pt\sc sNcn¨p InS¯p¶XmWv. B h¶ Bbncw aeIpIÄ At±l¯n\v
BioÀhmZ§Ä \ÂIn hm\mtcmlWw sN¿pw. AbmÄ hncn¸n InS¶v Cash«msX AhcpsS hm\temI
{]this¯ t\m¡n¡mWp¶XmWv''.
\_n(kz)
]dªp: "\n§Ä JpÀB³ ]mcmbWw sN¿pI. AXv ]ctemI¯v in]mÀiI\msb¯p¶XmWv.
BepCwdm³, AÂ_Jd F¶o kqd¯pIÄ ]mcmbWw sNbvXhÀ¡v alvidbn Hcp taLw IWs¡
AXv XWÂ hncn¡p¶XmWv' (AlvaZv).
JpÀB³ ]mcmbW¯nsâ
alXzs¯¸än Npcp¡w Nne lZokpIfmWnhnsS D²cn¨Xv. Cu hn jb¯n Hmtcm
kqd¯nsâbpw Nne Bb¯pIfpsSbpsaÃmw amlmßyw {]Imin¸n¡p¶ \_nhN\§Ä D²cn¡m³
Hcp henb {KÙw Xs¶ thnhcpw.
CAvXnIm^v
]ÅnbnÂ
C'AvXnIm^v(`P\ancn¡Â)hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xpw kp¶¯v Xs¶. dafzm\nse Ahkm\ ]¯nÂ
iànbmÀPn¨ kp¶¯mWv. Ahkm\s¯ ]¯n C'AvXnIm^v sN ¿m\pt±in¨h³ dafzm\nsâ
Ccp]Xmas¯ Znhkw ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xn\v ap¼v Xs¶ ]Ånbn {]thin¡pIbpw B kabw
apX s]cp¶mÄ \nkvImc¯n \n¶v
hncan¡p¶Xv Xs¶ C'AvXnIm^v sN¿pIbpamWv t{ijvTambXv.
Hcp {]tXyI
hkvXpshtbm kmlNcys¯tbm _Ôs¸Sp¯n imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb `P\ancn¡Â F¶v
CAvXnIm^ns\ \nÀhNn¡mw. {]tXyI \n¿t¯msS ]Ånbn IgnªpIqSp¶XmWv idlnÂ
CAvXnIm^v. CAvXnIm^pambn _Ôs¸« ]cmaÀi§Ä hnip² JpÀB\n Xs¶ ImWmw.
C_vdmlnw, CkvamCu (A) F¶o {]hmNI·mtcmSv Xncp`h\s¯ CAvXnIm^ncn¡p¶hÀ¡pthn
ip²oIcn¡m³ \nÀt±in¨n«pv (AÂ_Jd 125, 187). CXv CAvXnIm^nsâ {]m[m\ys¯
shfns¸Sp¯p¶p.
Camw _pJmcn(d)
\nthZ\w sN¿p¶ lZokv ImWpI: ""C_v\pDaÀ(d)hn \n¶v: \_n(kz) dafzm³ Ahkm\
]¯n CAvXnIm^ncn¡Â ]Xnhmbncp¶p.' A_qkCuZn\n JpZvcn(d) hnÂ\n¶pÅ XncphN\¯nÂ
C§s\ ImWmw: "\_n(kz) dafzm³ \Sphnse ]¯n CAvXnIm^ncp¶ncp¶p. Hcp sImÃw
Ccp]¯nsbm¶mas¯ {]`mX¯n \_n(kz) ]dªp: "Cu Ahkm\ ]¯n Ft¶msSm¯v CAvXnIm^n\p
XmXv]cyapÅhÀ X¿mdmhpI'(_pJmcn). CAvXnIm^ns\ ØncoIcn¡p¶ asämcp lZokv: "BCi(d)
]dbp¶p: "Rm³ BÀ¯hmhØbnembncns¡ \_n(kz) CAvXnIm^n\nSbn ]ÅnhmXn¡ h¶p
apSnNoIns¡mSp¡ms\\n¡p kuIcyw sNbvXp X¶ncp¶p. Rm\hnSps¯ apSn hmÀ¶p
sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p' (_pJmcn).
CAvXnIm^nsâ
amlmßyw hniZam¡p¶ lZokpIÄ A\h[nbmWv. Aen¿p _v³ lpssk\n(d)Â \n¶pÅlZokv
ImWpI. \_n(kz) {]Jym]n¨p. dafzm³ am k¯n ]¯pZnhkw CAvXnIm^ncn¡p¶hÀ¡v
cp lÖpw cv Dwdbpw sN bvX {]Xn^ew kzmb¯am¡mhp¶XmWv'(ss_lJn). C_v\p
Aºmkv(d)hn \n¶v. \_n(kz) ]dªp. "AÃmlphnsâ {]oXn Imw£n¨v BcmtWm Hcp
Znhkw CAvXnIm^ncn¡p¶Xv, AhcpsSbpw \cI¯nsâbpanSbn AÃmlp {]]©¯n sâ
cä§Ä¡nSbnepÅ{X AIe¯n aq¶p InS§pIÄ kwhn[m\n¡p¶Xm Wv' (Xz_vdm\n,
ss_lJn, lmInw).
ImÀanI
hn[nIÄ
CAvXnIm^pambn
_Ôs¸« Nne hkvXpXIÄ Xmsg tNÀ¡p¶p. dafzm\n am{XaÃ, AÃm¯ Ime¯pw CAvXnIm^v
{][m\kp¶¯mWv. \_n(kz) iÆm amk¯n CAvXnIm^ncp¶Xmbn _pJmcn apkvenw
D²cn¨ lZokpIfn ImWmw. Cu lZokv dafzm\Ãm¯ Imes¯ CAvXnIm^n\p sXfnhmsW¶v
Camw im^nCu(d) kaÀYn¡p¶pv.
dafzm³
amk¯nse Ahkm\ ZiI¯n CAvXnIm^n\v Gsd {]m[m\yapv. CXn\p ImcWw Cu
Znhk§fn sseeXp JZvdnsâ alXzw t\SnsbSp¡m³ Ahkcw e`n¡p¶XmsW¶p \_nNcybnÂ
\n¶p a\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv. Pp apA \S¡p¶ ]Ånbn CAvXnIm^ncn¡p¶Xv Gsd D¯aamWv.
aäp ]ÅnIfn epw CAvXnIm^ncn¡mw. ]Ånbn NSªncn¡Wsa¶ \n_Ô\bnÃ. ]ÅnbnÂ
Dem¯p¶h\pw InS¶pd§p¶h\pw CAvXnIm^nsâ \n¿¯ps¦n {]Xn^ ew e`n¡p¶XmWv.
Cu ]Ånbn CAvXnIm^n\p Rm³ IcpXn F¶v a\Ên IcpXnbm aXn.
CAvXnIm^v
e£yam¡n ]Ånbn Ignbp¶hÀ A\mhiy kwkmcw Dt]£n¡Ww. CAvXnIm^n ]cZqjWw,
No¯ `mjWw, \njn²ambXv `£n¡Â XpS§nbh Dt]£n¨nsæn CAvXnIm^nsâ {]Xn^ew
e`n¡p¶Xà F¶v A³hmdn  ImWp¶p. ^Xvlp apCu³ Cu hkvXpX D²cn¨n«pv.
CAvXnIm^v t\À¨bm¡Â km[phpw {]Xn^emÀlhpamWv. Cu ]Ånbn CAvXnIm^n\pRm³
t\À¨bm¡n F¶v IcpXn A¸ kabw ]Ånbn Nnehgn¨m t\À¨ sNbvX _m[yX
HgnhmIpsa¦nepw Hcp Znhkw ]qÀWambn CAvXnIm^v A\pjvTn¡p¶XmWv Gähpw D¯aw.
GXp ]Ånbnepw CAvXnIm^v t\À¨bm¡mw. akvPnZp¶_hn, akvPnZp ldmw, A AJvkz
F¶nhbÃm¯ FÃm ]ÅnIÄ¡pw C¡mcy¯n Htc ]cnKW\bmWpÅXv. Cu aq¶p ]ÅnIfÃm¯
GsX¦nepw Hcp ]Ån Dt±in¨p ]dªmepw GXp ]Ånbnencp¶pw _m[yX hoSp¶XmWv.
D]cypà ]pWy
IÀ½§sfÃmw dafzm\nsâ Ahkm\s¯ ]¯n IqSpX iànbmÀÖn¨ kp¶XmbXnsâ clkyw {]kvXpX
Zn\§fn sseeXp JzZvdnt\mSv tbmPn¡m\pÅ km[yXbps¶XmWv. aäv Bbncw
amk§fn 'Aa sN¿p¶Xnep]cn ]pWye_v[nbpÅ cm{XnbmWtÃm AXv. dafzm\nse Ahkm\s¯
]¯n B cm{Xn A[njvTnXamsW¶mWv {]_e ]£w. AXnÂsh¨pXs¶ IqSpX {]Xo£bpÅXv
Häbmb cmhpIfmWv. sseeXp JzZvdn \nkvIcn¡p¶Xv ]pWyIcamsW¶
hnizmkt¯msSbpw AÃmlphnsâ kmao]yw e`n¡psa¶ {]XymitbmsSbpw \nkvIcn¨h\v
ap¼v sNbvX ]m]§sfÃmw s]mdp¡s¸Spsa¶v kzlolmb lZokn h¶n«pv'' (Xplv^
3/198 þ 200 F¶o t]PpIÄ t\m¡pI).
A\p_Ôw
t\m¼pImc\v Idml¯pÅ Imcy§Ä
(1)
ImcWw IqSmsX D¨¡v tijw {_jv sN¿Â (2) hmbnen«v hÃXpw Nhbv¡Â.
(3)
kpKÔw D]tbmKn¡Â. (4) shůn ap§Â (5) hmbn shÅw sIm¹n¡p¶Xnepw aq¡nÂ
shÅw Ibän Noäp¶Xnepw AXncp IhnbÂ. (6) hnImcs¯ Cf¡nhnSpwhn[w _Ôs¸SÂ.
t\m¼pImc\v kpdpabnSÂ
amenIn
aZvl_v A\pkcn¨v t\m¼p apdnbpsa¶mWv. AXp ]cnKWn¨v t\m¼pImc³ kpdpabnSÂ \ÃXÃ
(Xplv^ 3/403, ^.ap'Cu³, C'B\¯v 2/249). t\m¼pImc³ `qjWaÃm¯ BUw_chpw `wKnbpw
kpdpabnSp¶Xv ImcWamWv (C'B\¯v 2/249).
dafzm³ ]IÂ
kZy
dafzm³
amk¯nsâ ]hn{XXsb am\n¡Â hnizmk¯nsâ `mKamWv. AXnsâ BZchn\p \nc¡m¯
Imcy§Ä Hcn¡epw apkvenwIfnÂ\n¶pmbn¡qSm. dafzm³ ]Ien t\m¼nÃm¯h À¡v `£Ww
\ÂIpIsb¶Xv dafzms\ A]am\n¡p¶Xn\v XpeyamWv. Ahnizmkn¡v t]mepw dafzm³ ]IenÂ
`£Ww \ÂIm³ ]mSnsömWv {]amW§Ä ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. Aapkvenansâ Imcy¯nÂXs¶
CkvemanI hn[n CXmsW¦n ImcWanÃmsX t\ms¼mgnhm¡p¶hÀ¡v `£ Ww sImSp¡p¶
Imcyw ]dtbXnÃtÃm. Iqen¸Wn¡mÀ¡pw aäpw dafm³ ]Ien `£Ww \ÂIp¶hcpv.
AXpt]mse Zo\ot_m[anÃm¯ `À¯m¡·mÀ¡pw _Ôp¡Ä¡pw ]I kZysbmcp¡p¶
ktlmZcnamscbpw ImWmw. dafzm³ ]Ien tlm«Â \S¯p¶hcpw tlm«en tPmen t\m¡p¶hcpapv.
aXZrjvSym CsXÃmw sXämWv. dafzm³ ]IÂ AapkvenwIÄ¡p `£Ww \ÂIÂ ldmamsW¶p
Camw dwen(d)hnsâbpw aäpw ^XvhIÄ ImWmhp¶XmWv.
t\m¼v
Xpd¡pt¼mÄ kabambn F¶pd¸phcpt¯XmWv. kabamsb¶pd¸n¡msX t\m¼pXpd¡m³ [rXn
ImWn¡p¶Xv ISp¯ sXämIp¶p. {]apJ ]WvVnX\mb Camw C_v\plPdn sslXan(d)
khmPndn \qän\m¸¯nsbm¶mas¯ h³ Ipäambn«mWv CXns\ F®p¶Xv.
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