C_v\plPÀ(d)
]dbp¶p: ""dafzm³ amk¸ndhn ZÀin¡m¯hs\ At]£n¨v Jzmfzn hn[n¡Â sImv ZÀi\w
Øncs¸Sp¶XmWv. JzmfznbpsS kz´w Adnhns\ Ahew_nt¨m \oXnam\mb Hcp km£nbpsS
samgnsb Ahew_nt¨m Jzmfzn¡v hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv. JzmfznbpsS ap¼n Rm³ amkw
Incn¡p¶psht¶m dafzm³ amkw DZn¨ncn¡p¶psht¶m Ah³ km£ys¸Spt¯XmWv. tijw
Fsâ ASp¯v dafzm³ Øncs¸«ncn¡p¶psht¶m Ahsâ km£nsamgn {]Imcw Rm³
hn[n¨ncn¡p¶psht¶m Jzmfznbpw ]db A\nhmcyamWv'' (Xplv^ 3/375).
JzmfznbpsS Cu hn[n{]Jym]\t¯msS P\§Ä¡mIam\w {hXsaSp¡Â \nÀ_ÔamIpsa¶v C_v\plPÀ(d)
Cu'B_n {]kvXmhn¨Xmbn iÀhm\n(d) D²cn¡p¶p (3/375).
C_v\plPÀ(d)
Xs¶ ]dbs«: dafzm³ amk¸ndhn ZÀin¡m¯h³, Ipsht¶m ZÀi\s¯ Ipdn¡pw hn[w
dafzm³ amkambncn¡p¶psht¶m km£n ]dbm³ ]mSnÃ. amk¸ndhn ZÀi\w \m«nemsI
{]kn²nbmÀÖn¨mepw icn. F¶Ã A\ntj[yamw hn[w [mcmfw BfpIÄ aptJ\ hnhcw
e`n¨n«msW¦nepw XssYh'' (Xplv^ 3/376).
F¶mÂ
tbmKy\pw \oXnam\pamb km£nbpsS samgn e`n¨n«nsænepw JzmfznXs¶ amkw ImÂ
{]kvXpX ZÀi\w Bkv]Zam¡nbpw Jzmfzn¡v hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv.
C_v\plPÀ(d)
]dbp¶p: "" Jzmfzn¡v Ahsâ Adnhv Bkv]Zam¡n hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv. (\n_Ô\IÄ
tafn¨n«nÃm¯) fzdqd¯nsâ Jzmfznbmbmepw C{]Imcw Xs¶bmsW¶mWv {]_ew.
JzmfznbpsS AdnhpsImv hnh£n¡p¶Xv iànbmÀÖn¨ t_m[yapmhemWv. AXhew_am¡n
km£n ]dbm³ ]äpw hn[apÅ t_m[yw F¶v kw£n]vXw. Cu Adnhp e`n¨Xv JzmfznØm\ta¡pw
ap¼mbncp¶mepw icn'' (Xplv^ 10/148).
apKv\nbpsS
hm¡pIÄ ImWpI: ""Jzmfzn¡v Adnhv e`yambXv Øm\ta¡p¶Xnsâ apt¼m A[nImcanÃm¯
Øe¯psht¨m Bbmepw icn'' (apKv\n 4/398).
CXnÂ
\n¶v Jzmfzn A[nImcta¡pw apt¼m A[nImcw GäXn\v tijw Xs¶ A[nImcaneÃm¯
Øe¯p sht¨m amkw ZÀin¡pI, B cmPys¯ Jzmfzn hn[n¡Â sImtm atäm dafzm³
Øncs¸«Xmbn t_m[ys¸SpI, XpS§nbh Ahew_am¡n DZbmkvXam\¯n hyXymkanÃm¯Xpw
Jzmfzn¡v A[nImcapÅXpamb \m«n aäp km£nsamgn IqSmsX Xs¶ Jzmfzn¡v dafzm³
Øncs¸«Xmbn hn[n¡mhp¶XmsW¶v hyàambn.
C\n Hcp
\m«n Jzmfzn CÃmXncn¡pItbm DÅ Jzmfzn km£nsamgn kzoIcn¡mXncn¡pItbm
sNbvXm B \m«pImsc´p sN¿Ww? IÀaimkv{X ]WvVnX·mÀ CXn\v adp]Sn ]dbp¶pv.
C_v\plPÀ(d)
]dbp¶p: ""Hcp cmPy¯v km£nsamgn tIÄ¡p¶h³(Jzmfzn) CÃmXncn¡pI tbm DÅ
Jzmfzn km£nsamgn kzoIcn¡mXncn¡pItbm sNbvXm \m«n s]mXphmbn dafzm³
Øncs¸Snsænepw Ab cmPy¯v amkw Øncs¸«Xmbn ]dbp¶ hyànsb hmkvXham¡p¶hÀ¡v
dafzm³ Øncs¸Sp¶XmWv'' (Xplv^ 3/381).
Cu
hniZoIcW¯n \n¶v DZbmkvXam\w hyXymkanÃm¯ cmPy¯v amk¸ndhn ZÀin¨Xm tbm
ZÀi\s¯ Bkv]Zam¡n B \m«nse Jzmfzn hn[n¨Xmtbm hnizk\obamb km£nIÄ aptJ\
t_m[yambn«pw Jzmfzn hn[n¡mXncp¶m amkw IXmtbm {]kvXpX \m«n Jzmfzn
hn[n¨Xmtbm kXykÔambn hnhcw e`n¨hÀs¡Ãmw t\m¼pw s]cp¶mfpw Øncs¸Spsa¶v
kpXcmw hyàambn.
C\n
ASnØm\]camb Hchew_hpanÃmsX Jzmfzn t\m¼pw s]cp¶mfpw Øncs¸Sp¯nbm AXv
kzoImcyaÃm¯XmIp¶p. am{XaÃ, fzdqd¯nsâ JzmfznamÀ hn[nbpsS Ahew_sa´msW ¶v
hyàam¡pI Xs¶ thWw.
C_v\plPÀ(d)
]dbp¶p: ""fzdqd¯nsâ Jzmfzn Xsâ hn[n¡m[mcamb Ahew_w FÃm hn[nIfnepw
hyàam¡Â \nÀ_ÔamIp¶p. Hcp Ahew_hpw hyàam¡msX Rm³ C{]Imcw hn[n¨ncn¡p¶psh¶
JzmfznbpsS hm¡v kzoImcyaÃm¯XmIp¶p. CXv ]n¡me ]WvVnXcn Hcphn`mKw
hyàam¡nbn«pv. FÃm \n_Ô\Ifpw tafn¡m¯h\mWv fzdqd¯nsâ Jzmfzn'' (Xplv^
10/114, 115).
km£n
hnkvXmchpw Bsf Ab¡epw
F¶m km£nbpsS
kXykÔX sXfnbn¡p¶Xn\pthn N{µsâ BIrXnbpw DZn¨ `mKhpw Znibpw tNmZn¨v km£nsb
hnkvXcn¡p¶Xv icnbÃ. C_v\plPÀ (d) ]dbp¶p: ""N{µsâ KpWhpw AXv DZn¨ Øm\hpw
]dbm³ km£nsb \nÀ_Ôn¡cpsX¶mWv {]_ew. ]t£, km£n N{µ\pZn¨Xmbn ]dªpsh¶n
cn¡s«, B `mKw amdnbXmbn cmas¯ cmhn t_m[ys¸«m km[mcWKXnbn Zniamdn
DZn¡m³ km[yXbnÃm¯{X hyXymkaps¦n km£n IÅw ]dªXmsW¶v t_m[yambn'' (Xplv^
3/377).
Hcp \m«nÂ
dafzm³ amk¸ndhn IXmbn hym]IamhpIbpw C¶m«pImcmb \ap ¡v ZÀi\w
Dd¸mhmXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXm \½psS \m«nse ImcyIÀ¯m¡Ä ¡v ZÀi\apd¸phcp¯p¶Xn\p
thn I cmPyt¯¡v Bsf Ab¨v At\zjn¡Â \nÀ_ÔamIptam? NneÀ D¶bn¡p¶
kwibamWnXv. CXp kw_Ôn¨v C_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI.
""amkw
I dnt¸mÀ«v Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xn\pthn {]kvXpX kmlNcy¯n Bsf Ab¨v A t\zjn¡p¶Xv
ImcyIÀ¯m¡Ä¡v \nÀ_ÔansömWv hyàamIp¶Xv. ]t£, AXv kp¶¯msW¶v ]dbp¶Xv A{X
hnZqcsam¶paÃ. t\m¼n\p thn kq£vaX ]men¡Â AXneps¶XmWv ImcWw. At¸mÄ AXv
\nÀ_Ôansænepw kp¶¯mtIXmWv. CXpsImmWtÃm amk¸ndhn t\m¡p¶Xn\pthn
tbmKycpw hnizkvXcpambhsc \nban¡Â `cWm[nImcnIÄ¡v iànbmb kp¶¯mbXv.
hninjym Zo\o Imcy§Ä _Ôn¨p\n¡p¶ dafzm³, iÆm Â, ZpÂlnÖ XpS§nb amk§Ä.
aäp amk§fnep]cn Cu amk§sf Adnbm\pÅ Bhiyw hym]IamWv. amk¸ndhn ZÀin¡Â "^Àfv
In^mb'bnÂ(kmaqlnI _m[yX) s]«XmsW¶v hsc A`n{]mbapv. CX\pkcn¨v P\§Ä
amkw t\m¡p¶ k{¼Zmbw \nÀ¯nbXmbn k¦Â ¸n¡s¸«mÂ(C¶v ]ebnS¯pw AXmWhØ)
amk¸ndhn t\m¡m\pw B _m[yXsImv \n¶p t]mcm\pw BfpIsf t{]cn¸n¡Â \nÀ_ÔamIpw''
(A ^Xmh Ip_vd 2/60, 61).
C\n
amk¸ndhn I cmPy¯p \n¶v ImWm¯ cmPyt¯¡v amk¸ndhn ZÀi\hmÀ¯bpambn Bsf
Ab¨m Ahsc A\pIcn¨v B \m«pImÀ¡pw {hXhpw s]cp¶mfpa\pjvTn¡Â \nÀ_ÔamIptam?
F¶ tNmZyhpw {]kàw Xs¶. CXpkw_Ôn¨v Camw dwen ]dbp¶p.
""DZbhyXymkanÃm¯
hn[apÅ Ab cmPy§fnte¡v N{µZÀi\w Øncs¸Spw hn[w I cmPys¯ D¯chmZnXzs¸«hÀ
Bsf Ab¡p¶ ]£w B cmPy§fnse JzmfznamcpsS hn[n {]Imcw B \m«pImÀs¡ms¡bpw {hXhpw
s]cp¶mfpa\pjvTn¡Â \nÀ_ÔamIpw. JzmfznamcpsS AcnIn AhÀ Ab¨ BfpIÄ aptJ\
ZÀi\w Øncs¸«n«nsæn {]kvXpX ZÀi\ hmÀ¯bpambn h¶ BfpIsf hnizkn¡p¶hÀ¡v
am{Xw {hXhpw s]cp¶mfpw A\pjvTn¡Â \nÀ_ÔamIp¶Xpw \m«n s]mXphmbn \nÀ_ÔamIm¯XpamIp¶p''
(^Xmhm dwen, lmanip^Xmh Ip_vd 2/57 t\m¡pI).
km£nbpsS
samgnamäw
\oXnam\mb
km£nbpsS samgn A\pkcn¨v Jzmfzn hn[n {]Jym]n¨Xn\p tijw km£n aS§nsb¶ncn¡s«.
F¶m AXp sImv bmsXmcp {]iv\hpw CÃ. C\n Jzmfzn hn[n {]Jym]n¨n«nsænÂ
Xs¶ P\§Ä t\m¼n {]thin¨n«ps¦nepw XssYh. Jzmfzn hn[n {]Jym]n¡p¶Xnsâbpw
P\§Ä t\m¼n {]thin¡p¶Xnsâbpw ap¼mWv km£n aS§nbsX¦n B km£nsamgn
Bkv]Zam¡n t\m¼\pjvTn¡m³ ]mSpÅXÃ (lminbXp C_v\n Jzmknw 3/381).
Camw
dwen(d) ]dbp¶p: ""amkw IXmbn km£n \n¶ ASnØm\¯n P\§Ä {hXsaSp¯ tijw
km£n aS§nbmepw AhÀ¡v {hXw \nÀ_Ôw Xs¶. AXmWv {]_ew. Camw AZvd'C (d)bpsS
]£hpw CXp Xs¶bmWv. CX\pkcn¨v F®w(ap¸XvZnhkw) ]qÀ¯nbmbm amkw
In«nsænepw s]cp¶mÄ A\pjvTnt¡XmWv'' (\nlmb 3/155).
C\n
amkapd¸n¡m³ Jzmfzn Ahew_am¡nb km£n \oXnam\sÃt¶m Asæn Jzmfzn Xs¶ \oXnam\sÃt¶m
hyàambm F´p sN¿Ww. CXpkw_Ôn¨v ssiJv aplavZv kzmenlpÀdCukn(d)t\mSv
tNmZn¨ tNmZyhpw adp]Snbpw ImWpI.
tNmZyw:
dafzm³ ap¸Xnsâ (Ccp]¯nsbm¼Xv AkvXan¨)cmhn amkw IXmbn km£nIfpsS
samgn{]Imcw Hcp \m«nse Jzmfzn iÆm amkapd¸n¨p. Nne ]WvVnX·mÀ cp
ImcW¯nsâ ASnØm\¯n {]kvXpX iÆm ØncoIcWs¯ FXnÀ¯p.
(1) km£nIÄ
\oXn·mcmbncp¶nÃ. ]Xn\mtemfw hcp¶ BfpIfmbncp¶p km£nIÄ. (2) Jzmfzn ^mknJzv
BWv. amXm]nXm¡sf hy`nNmcw sImmtcm]n¡pI, kz´w ]nXmhns\¡pdn¨v A_qel_v,
\wdqZv, ^nÀHu³, C_veokv F¶o \ma§Ä hnfn¡pI XpS§nbhbmWv At±lw ^mknJzmIm³
ImcWw. Cu ASnØm\¯n NneÀs¡¦nepw JzmfznbpsS {]kvXpX {]Jym]\¯nÂ
kwibapfhmbn. Cu kmlNcy¯n ChÀ¡v Cu Znhks¯ t\m¼v JzfzmAv hot«Xptm?
CÃtbm? JzfzmAv hot« ]£w AXv hmPnt_m kp¶t¯m?
adp]Sn:
km£nIÄ \oXn·mcmsW¶v t_m[ys¸« ASnØm\¯n Jzmfzn s]cp¶mÄ {]Jym]n¨ncns¡
tNmZy¯n ]dª Btcm]W§Ä ASnØm\am¡nbpÅ kwib¯n\v ]cnKW\bnÃ. AXp sImp Xs¶
s]cp¶mfmtLmjn¨ Znhk¯n\p ]Icambn Hcp t\m¼v JzfzmAv ho«Â A\phZ\obaÃ. kp¶¯pw
\nÀ_Ôhpsams¡bmIpI ]ns¶btÃ. ]t£, km£nIÄ \oXnam·mcsöv Btcm]n¨hÀ AkXy¯nÂ
tbmPn¡m³ km[yXbnÃm¯hn[w F®w (AZZp¯hmXpÀ) Ds¦n AhcpsS dnt¸mÀ«v A\pkcn¨v
{]hÀ¯nt¡XmWv. C\n Btcm]n¨hÀ {]kvXpX F®w Csæn Xs¶ iÀ'C¿mb aäp
amÀK¯neqsS AhÀ \oXnam·mcsöv sXfnªmepw XssYh. At¸mÄ JzfzmAv \nÀ_ÔamIpw.
F¶m Jzmfzn Xsâ ]nXmhn ]dª kz`mh§Ä, ]nXmhnensöv sXfnªm At±lw ^mknJzmsW¶XnÂ
kwibanÃ. ]t£, CsXÃmw AdnªpsImmWv \m«nse {]Xm]apÅhÀ Ct±ls¯
Jzmfznbm¡nbsX¦n CbmfpsS hn[n¡v \nba{]m_eyw Dmhp¶XmWv'' (^Xmhm apl½Zv
kzmenlv _n lmanin ^Xmh IpÀZn, t]Pv 90, 91). CXn \n¶v Xmsg]dbp¶
Imcy§Ä hyàambn.
(1) \oXnbpÅhcmsW¶v
t_m[ys¸« km£nsamgn Ahew_am¡nbpÅ JzmfznbpsS {]Jym]\w {]kvXpX km£nIsf
kw_Ôn¨v Bsc¦nepw NneÀ am{Xw Btcm]Ww D¶bn¡p¶Xv sImv ZpÀ_eamIp¶nÃ. (2)
Btcm]n¡p¶hcpsS F®w AZZp¯hmXpÀ Ds¦n AXv kzoImcyhpw AX\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯nt¡XpamWv.
3) Jzmfznsb kw_Ôn¨v Adnbp¶ {]Xm]imenIfmWv At±ls¯ Jzmfznbm¡n \nban¨sX¦nÂ
Btcm]W hnt[b\mbmepw At±l¯nsâ hn[nIÄ¡v \nba{]m_eyapmIp¶XmWv.
------------------ A\p_Ôw
ZqcZÀin\nbneqsS
amkw ImÂ
sNdnb
hkvXp¡sf hepXm¡nImWn¡pItbm Zqc¯pÅXns\ ASp¸n¨v ImWn¡pItbm sN¿p¶
b{´§fneqsS N{µ¸ndhn Im t\m¼v \nÀ_Ôanà (iÀhm\n 3/372).
t^mWneqsS
amk¸ndhn
t^mWneqsS
e`n¡p¶ hnhca\pkcn¨v amk¸ndhn \nÝbn¡m³ ]mSnÃ. amk¸ndhn \nÝbn¡m³ Bhiyamb
km£nIÄ \nba{]ImcapÅ samgn \ÂIp¶XneqsSbmWv Jzmfzn¡v, Øncs¸Sp¯mhp¶ Hcp
amÀKw. Cu sXfnhnsâ ASnØm\¯n Hcp Øes¯ Jzmfzn N{µZÀi\w Øncs¸Sp¯nb hnhcw
aäp {]tZis¯ JzmfznamÀ¡v e`n¡emWv asämcp amÀKw. cmas¯ hn[¯n aäp
JzmfznamÀ¡v amkapd¸n¡Wsa¦nepw Nne \n_Ô\Ifpv. amk¸ndhn I {]tZihpw
hn[n¡s¸Sp¶ {]tZihpw DZbmkvXab hyXymkapmhcpXv. ""\nÝnX {]tZis¯ Jzmfzn
hn[n¨p'' F¶v hnizmktbmKycmb cp ]pcpj·mÀ hn[n¡m³ t]mhp¶ JzmfznbpsS
ASp¯v km£n \n¡pItbm Asæn \nÝbn¨ Jzmfzn Fgp¯v aptJ\ aäp JzmfznamÀ¡v
hnhcw sImSp¡pItbm thWw. Cu Fgp¯v hn[n{]Jym]n¨ JzmfznbptSXmsW¶Xn\v cp
km£nIÄ thWw (^.ap'Cu³).
t^m¬
ktµiw tI«hÀ km£n \n¶XpsImpw ImcyanÃ. ImcWw "tIhew i_vZw am{Xw tI«v
Hcp hnjb¯n km£n \n¡m³ ]änÃ'(Xplv^ 10/261). i_vZn¡pt¼mÄ i_vZw tIÄ ¡pIbpw
samgnbp¶ hyànsb t\cn ImWpIbpw thWw (Xplv^ 10/258). JzmfznXs¶ t\cn«v
t^m¬ ktµiw tI«mepw amkapd¸n¡m³ ]mSnÃ. Jzmfzn¡v Xsâ Adnhp{]Imcw
hn[n¡Wsa¦nÂ, hnhcw Hcp km£n¡v km£n \n¡m³ ]äp¶ hn[¯n e`n¨Xmbncn¡Ww (Xplv^
10/148). |