dafm³ (^Xmhm)

]nimNn\p N§e

tNmZyw : dafzm\n ]nimNp¡sf N§e¡nSpsa¦n ]ns¶sb§s\bmWv B amk¯n P\§Ä tZmiw sN¿p¶Xv.?

D¯cw : dafzm\n ]nimNp¡sf N§e¡nSpsa¦n ]ns¶sb§s\bmWv B amk¯n ]m]§Ä DSseSp¡p¶sX¶ kwib¯n\v  Camw JpÀXzp_n(d) adp]Sn ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI. "dafzm³ amks¯ AXnsâ acymZIÄ ]qÀWambn ]men¨p kq£vaX tbmsS ssIImcyw sN¿p¶hÀ¡p am{XamWnXp _m[IamIp¶Xv. N§e¡nSs¸Sp¶hÀ adZXp Pn¶v F¶ {]tXyIhÀKw am{XamImsa¶ A`n{]mbhpap­tÃm. Xn·IÄ hfsc Ipdbpsat¶ CXpsIm­pt±in¡p¶pÅq. AXv A\p`hkXyamWtÃm. C\n FÃm ]nimNp¡sfbpw _Ô\Øcm¡nbmepw ]m]IrXy§Ä XSbs¸SWsa¶nÃ. ImcWw, Zpjn¨ icochpw No¯ BNmc§fpw a\pjy]nimNp¡fpsaÃmw Xn·IÄ¡p \nan¯ambn hÀ¯n¡p¶p­v'. IqSpX hniZoIcW¯n\v ‘dafm³ alXzhpw {]kànbpw’ F¶ teJ\w hmbn¡pI.

t\m¼nsâ ØncoIcWw

tNmZyw : dafzm³ t\m¼v \nÀ_Ôambn«ps­¶v Adnbm\pÅ amÀ¤sa´mWv? hniZoIcn¨mepw?

D¯cw : Camw KÊmen(d) ]dbp¶p: ""F¶m t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIm\pÅ ImcWw dafzm³ amk¸ndhn ZÀin¡emWv''(hPokv). Cu hm¡pIÄ hymJym\n¨v sIm­v hPokn sâ hymJym\ {KÙamb ^Xvlp Akokn Camw dm^n'Cu(d) FgpXp¶p: ""t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIm\pÅ ImcWw amk¸ndhn ZÀin¡p¶Xn am{Xw A[njvTnXamsW¶mWv aqe {KÙ¯nsâ hm ¡pIfpsS _mlyw Ipdn¡p¶Xv. ]t£, B  _mlymÀYw ChnsS Dt±iyanÃ. i'Av_m³ amkw ap¸Xv ]qÀ¯nbmIepw amk¸ndhn ZÀin¡p¶Xnsâ AÀY¯n Xs¶bmWv. CXv \mw hniZoIcn¨n«p­v. IrXyambn ]dªm t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIm\pÅ ImcWw dafzm³ amkw Bbn«ps­¶v t_m[ys¸SemWv. amk¸ndhn ZÀin¡tem i'Av_m³ ap¸Xv ]qÀ¯nbmItem AÃ. F¶m Ah c­pw dafzm³ amkambn«ps­¶v t_m[ys¸Sm\pÅ c­v amÀK§fmWv. F¶m tPymÕysâ IW¡v Ch c­pw t]mse asämcp amÀKambn I­pIqSm. AXpsIm­p Xs¶ IW¡v Bkv]Zam¡n(apkvenamb)tPymÕy\v t]mepw t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIp¶nÃ. AXpt]mse Xs¶ Ahs\ A\pIcn¨v aäpÅhÀ¡pw t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamInÃ. N{µsâ Ne\ hgnIfdnbp¶h\pw XssYh'' (^Xvlp Akokv 6/266). hniZamb ]T\¯n\v ‘t\m¼nsâ A\nhm cyX’ F¶ teJ\¯nse ‘t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIp¶sXt¸mÄ?’ F¶ `mKw hmbn¡pI. 

kz]v\¯neqsS  dafzm³

tNmZyw : kz]v\¯neqsS  dfzm\mbn«ps­¶v \_n(kz) ]dªm AX\pkcn¨v t\m ¼v \nÀ_ÔamIptam?

D¯cw : C_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p: ""HcmÄ \_n(kz)sb kz]v\¯n ImWpIbpw \msf dafzm\msW¶v \_n(kz) ]dbpIbpw sNbvXm AXSnØm\am¡nbpw t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIp¶nÃ. I­ BfpsS IrXyX hnZqcambXmWv ImcWw. I­Xn kwibapfhmbn«Ã. (Xplv^ 3/373, 374). hniZamb ]T\¯n\v ‘t\m¼nsâ A\nhm cyX’ F¶ te J\¯nse ‘t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIp¶sXt¸mÄ?’ F¶ `mKw hmbn¡pI.

Pbnen sh¨v t\m¼v

tNmZyw : dafzm\n\v ap¼v PbneneS¡s¸SpIbpw t\m¼v kabw AdnbmXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXm F§s\bmWv t\m¼\pjvSnt¡­Xv?

D¯cw : PbneneS¡s¸«h³ KthjW¯neqsS dafzm³ Bbn«ps­¶v Andbm\På {iaw \S¯n t\m¼\pjvSn¡pIbmWv th­Xv. _mPqcn(d) ]dbp¶p: ""KthjW¯neqsS dafzm³ Bbn«ps­¶ anI¨ [mcW e`n¨ PbneneS¡s¸«h³ t\m¼\pjvTn¡Ww. bYmÀY kab¯v Xs¶bmbncp¶p {]kvXpX t\m¼v kw`hn¨sX¦n AZmBbpw tijambncp¶psh¦n JzfzmBbpw ap¼mbncp¶psh¦n kp¶¯mbpw ]cnKWn¡s¸Spw'' (lminbXp _mPqcn 1/298). ap¼mbncp¶psh¶v ]n¶oSv t_m[ys¸«mÂ, t\m¼nsâ _m[yX hoSm¯Xv sIm­v ho­pw t\m¼\pjvSnt¡­XmWv.

IW¡pw tPymXnimkv{Xhpw

tNmZyw: damfzm³ amk¯nsâ ØncoIcW¯n\v C¶v NneÀ tPymXnimkv{Xhpw IW¡pw Ahew_n¡p¶Xmbn ImWp¶p. CXv ]mSnöv Hcp hn`mKw ]WvVnXÀ hmZn¡p¶p. CXnsâ CkvemanI hn[n hniZoIcn¡mtam?

D¯cw:  hniZoIcn¡mw. dafzm³ amk¯nsâ ]ndhnbmWv {hXw \nÀ_ÔamIp¶Xnsâ am\ZWvUsa¶v JzpÀB³ kqNn¸n¡p¶p(AÂ_Jzd). AXpsIm­pXs¶ iÀ'Csâ \nba{]Imcw dafzm³ Øncs¸Sm¯ buapÈ¡nÂ(kwib Znhkw) {hXsaSp¡Â \njn²amsW¶v \_n(kz) ]dbp¶p. dafzm\nsâ ØncoIcW¯n\v CkvemanI icoAXn hyàamb am\ZWvU§fp­v. i'Av_m³ ap¸Xv ]qÀWamhpItbm Ccp]¯n H¼Xn\v AkvXa\t¯msS amk¸ndhn ZÀin¨Xmbn \nbam\pkrXw Øncs¸SpItbm thWw. ASnØm\]cambn asämcp amÀKw CÆnjbIambn Ahew_n¡mhXsöv ]WvVnX·mÀ hniZoIcn¡p¶p. Cu hnjb¯n aZvl_nsâ ]WvVnX·mÀ GIm`n{]mb¡mcmWv.

JWvUnXamb ]WvVnXXocpam\s¯ adnIS¶psIm­v Ckvemanse Hcp 'C_mZ¯v Øn cs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v tPymXnimkv{Xhpw IW¡psaÃmw Ahew_n¡s¸SWsa¶ hmZKXn Nne tImWpIfn \n¶v DbÀ¶p hcm³ XpS§nbn«p­v. Camw _Zvdp±o\p s'F\n(d) FgpXp¶p: ""imcn'Av(AÃmlphpw dkqepw) t\m¼ns\bpw aäpw N{µ ZÀi\t¯mSmWv _Ôn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. IW¡hew_am¡p¶Xn kapZmb¯n\v(D½¯n\v) hnjaap­mImXncn¡m\mWnXv.kapZmb¯n CXv Xs¶bmWv \ne\n¶v t]m¶Xpw. ]n¶oSv Hcp P\Xbn CsXÃmw Adnbp¶hcp­mbmepw CXn amäanÃ. \n§fpsS ta taLmhrXambm i'Av_m³ ap¸Xv ]qÀ¯nbm¡pI F¶ \_nhN\¯nsâ _mlyw Xs¶ IW¡v Xotc Ahew_n¨v IqsS¶mWv Ipdn¡p¶Xv. hÃt¸m gpw IW¡hew_n¡mambncp¶psh¦n IW¡dnbp¶htcmSv \n§Ä tNmZn¡pI F¶v \_n  (kz) ]dtb­nbncp¶p. F¶m Hcp hn`mKw IW¡pImcnte¡v aS§nbncn¡pIbmWv (]p¯³ {]Øm\¡mcmb) dm^nfzpIfmWv Cu hn`mKw. ke^pÊzmenlpIfpsS CPvam'Av(GtIm]\w) ChÀs¡Xncn tcJbmsW¶v Camw Jzmfzn 'Cbmfzv(d) {]kvXmhn¨n«p­v. C_v\p_kzokz(d) ]dbp¶Xv CXv ASnØm\clnXamb aZvl_msW¶mWv. Cu hnÚm\¯n Bg¯nend§ns¨¶v ]T\w \S¯p¶Xv Xs¶ \nÝbw icoAXv hne¡nbn«p­v. ImcWw tKmfimkv{X IW¡v sIm­v tIhew A\pam\tam Dultam am{XamWv e`n¡p¶Xv. Ddt¸m anI¨ `mh\tbm e`n¡p¶nÃ'' ('DwZXp Jzmcn 10/286, 287).

C_v\pssXan¿ Xs¶ ]dbp¶p: ""kzlolmb kp¶¯v sIm­pw kzlm_¯nsâ GtIm]\w sIm­pw Øncs¸« ImcyamWv \£{X IW¡pIsf Ahew_n¡m³ ]mSnà F¶Xv. CXn ktµlanÃ. Camw _pJmcn(d)bpsSbpw apkvenw(d)hnsâbpw lZokn C{]Imcw Øncs¸«n«p­v. \_n(kz) ]dªp; "\nÝbw \mw FgpXpItbm IW¡v Iq«pItbm sN¿m¯ kapZmbamWv'. amk¸ndhn I­Xn\v th­n \n§Ä t\m¼pw s]cp¶mfpw A\pjvTn¡pI. N{µ¸ndhnbn IW¡hew_am¡p¶h³ ico'A¯n hgn sXänbh\mbXv t]mse Zo\n ]p¯\mib¡mc\pw  (ap_vXZn'Av) IqSnbmWv. tKmfimkv{X ]WvVnX·mÀ Xs¶ IW¡v Bkv]Zam¡n amk¸ndhn ZÀi\w IrXyamInsöv a\Ênem¡nbhcmWv. AhcpsS IW¡nsâ ]camh[n, þAXv icnbmbm Xs¶þ AkvXa\ kab¯v kqcysâbpw N{µsâbpw CSbn F{X Un{Kn AI¨bps­¶v {Kln¡emWv. ]t£, CXv sIm­mIs« ZÀi\¯nsâ Imcyw IrXyam¡m\mInÃ. ImcWw t\m¡p¶hsâ ImgvNbpw Ah³ \n¡p¶ Øe¯nsâ hyXymkhpw A\pkcn¨v ZÀi\w hyXymkamIm³ \ymbap­v. CXp sIm­p Xs¶bmWv IW¡pImÀ Xs¶ ZÀi\¯n\v km[yamIpw hn[¯nepÅ kqcyN{µ AI¨ F{XbmsW¶Xn hfscb[nIw A`n{]mb`n¶Xbnse¯ns¸«Xv. AhcpsS ap³Ime t\Xm¡fmb _Xvzsseaqkv(tSmfan) t]msebpÅhÀ CXp kw_Ôambn H¶pw ]dªn«nÃ. IW¡v ASnØm\am¡n IrXyamsbmcp tcJ CXn\v CÃm¯XmWv ImcWw. ssZean XpS§nb AhcpsS Nne ]n¡me ]WvVnX·mcmWv CXpkw_Ôambn kwkmcn¨Xv. ico'A¯nsâ Iptd hn[nIÄ N{µt\mSv _Ôn¨v \n¡p¶Xmbn AhÀ I­t¸mÄ N{µ¸ndhn ZÀi\¯n\v IW¡ns\ Hcp IrXyamÀKam¡msa¶hÀ A`n{]mbs¸SpIbmbncp¶p. F¶m CXv t\sc sNmsÆbpÅ amÀKaÃ. CXn \n¶v A[nIhpw ]nghmWv. A\p`hhpw CXp Xs¶. N{µ³ ZÀin¡s¸Sptam CÃtbm F¶Xn hsc XÀ¡ap­mIp¶p. CXn\p ImcWw IW¡v sIm­v IrXyam¡m\mIms¯mcp Imcyw IW¡v sIm­hÀ IrXyam¡m³ {ian¨psh¶XmWv. At¸mÄ kXyamÀKw hn«v AhÀ ]ng¨pt]mbn'' (C_v\pssXan¿bpsS aPvaq'D ^Xmhm, 25/207, 208). hniZ]T\w B{Kln¡p¶hÀ ‘IW¡pw tPymXnimkv{Xhpw’ F¶ teJ\w a\kncp¯n hmbn¡pI.

Ass\Iyhpw A`n{]mb`n¶Xbpw

tNmZyw : cmPy¯v `n¶X IqSmsX t\m¼pw s]cp¶mfpsaÃmw GIoIcn¡m³ IW¡v Ahew_am¡p¶XmWv A`nImaysa¶pw N{µ¸ndhn ZÀi\w Xs¶ Bkv]Zam¡nbm I­hcpw ImWm¯hcpw `n¶XbnemhpIbpw t\m¼pw s]cp¶mfpsaÃmw Cuc­mhpIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv A\p`hsa¶pw NneÀ hmZn¡p¶p. CXv icnbmtWm?

D¯cw: XnI¨pw hmkvXh hncp²amb hmZamWXv. ZÀi\s¯ Bkv]Zam¡pt¼mÄ I­ cmPys¯ Bkv]Zam¡n Ab \mSpIÄ¡pw t\m¼pw s]cp¶mfpa\pjvTn¡m³ kuIcyap­v. temIsam«msI GIoIcn¡Wsa¶mWv hmZsa¦n AXv IW¡v Bkv]Zam¡nbmbmepw km[yamIm¯Xpw Akw`hyamIp¶XpamWv. C\n amk¸ndhn ZÀi\w i'Av_m³ Ccp]¯nsbm¼Xnsâ AkvXa\ tijw D­mbnà F¶ncn¡s«. F¶m Cu kmlNcy¯n FÃmhtcmSpw i'Av_m³ ap¸Xv ]qÀ¯nbm¡m\mWv \_n(kz)bpsS BÚ.

Camw s'F\n(d) C_v\p_¯zmen(d) \n¶p²cn¡p¶p: ""\½Ä IW¡pIq«p¶hcsö \_nhN\¯nsâ Dt±iyw C{]ImcamWv. \½psS t\m¼nsâbpw aäp 'C_mZ¯nsâbpw kab§Ä Adnbm³ BhiyamIpw hn[apÅ IW¡v Adnªncn¡Wsa¶v BÚm]n¡s¸Sm¯ hn`mKamWv \mw. \½psS 'C_mZ¯pIsfÃmw _Ôn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv hyàamb ASbmf§tfmSpw _mlyamb Imcy§tfmSpamWv. CÆnjb¯n IW¡pImcpw AÃm¯hcpw kaas{X'' (s'F\n(d)bpsS 'DwZXpÂJzmcn 10/287).

Cu hniZoIcW¯n \n¶v IW¡hew_n¡pt¼mgmWv Ass\Iyhpw A`n{]mb`n¶Xbpw D­mIp¶sX¶pw amk¸ndhn ZÀin¡mXncp¶m FÃmhcpw i'Av _m³ ap¸Xv ]qÀ¯nbm¡p¶ ]£w P\§Ä¡nSbn sFIyap­mIpsa¶pw hyàambn.

lm^nfzv C_v\p lPÀ(d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: ""taLmhrXamIpt¼mÄ F®w ]qÀ¯nbm¡Wsa¶v ]dªXnse clkyw {]kvXpX F®¯n FÃmhcpw ka·mcmsW¶XmWv. At¸mÄ Ahcn A`n{]mb`n¶Xbpw XÀ¡hpw CÃmXmIpw'' (^XvlpÂ_mcn 4/159).

'A_vZpdlvam\p Pkocn ]dbp¶p: ""hfsc KmVamb XXz§Ä Ahew_am¡nbmWv tPym Õy·mÀ {]hNn¡p¶sX¦nepw AhcpsS {]hN\w IrXyamhmsXbmWv A\p`hw. A[nI kµÀ`§fnepw AhcpsS A`n{]mb§Ä At\ym\yw FXncmIp¶psh¶Xv Xs¶bmWv AXn\v sXfnhv'' (A aZmln_p AÀ_'A 1/500, 501).

ZpÀhymJym\w

tNmZyw :Fgp¯pw hmb\bpw IW¡pIfpsam¶pw AdnªpIqSm¯ hyànbmWv \_n(kz)sb¶pw AXn\memWv IW¡pIÄ \_n(kz) Ahew_n¡mXncp¶sX¶pw AhIÄ Adnbp¶hÀ¡v IW¡v Ahew_n¡p¶Xn hne¡v h¶n«nsöpw NneÀ hmZn¡p¶p. CXv icnbmtWm?

D¯cw : icnbÃ. \_n(kz)bpsS hm¡pIÄ km[mcW¡mÀ¡v t]mepw a\ÊnemIpw hn[w hyàambncns¡ ZpÀhymJym\¯n\v apXnÀ¶hÀ kz´w hnÍn¯w {]ISn¸n¡pI am{XamWv sN¿p¶Xv. lZokn \_n(kz)¡v Fgp¯pw hmb\bpw IW¡psam¶pw AdnªpIqsS¶v ]dbp¶nÃ. Fgp¯pw hmb\bpw Adnbm¯ HcpIq«w BfpIsf kwt_m[\ sNbvXt¸mgmWv \_n(kz) "C¶m D½Xp³ D½n¿Xp³' F¶ ]cmaÀiw \S¯p¶Xv. `qcn]£w km[mcW¡mÀ \ndª Hcp kZÊns\ kwt_m[\w sN¿p¶ ]WvVnX³ \mw km[mcW¡mcmsW¶pw InXm_pw kp¶¯pw bYmhn[n a\Ênem¡m³ \ap¡v IgnhnÃm¯Xn\m ]WvVnXsc A\pIcn¡pItb \nÀhmlapÅqsh¶pw {]kvXpX kZÊnt\mSv ]dªm B hyàn H¶pw AdnªpIqSm¯h\msW¶v Is­¯p¶Xv ]pXpabpÅ hnÍn¯w  Xs¶bmWv.

Fgp¯v, hmb\, IW¡v XpS§n {]mcw`L«¯n \_n(kz)¡v \ÂIs¸Sm¯ FÃm Úm\§fpw k¼mZn¨Xn\v tijamWv \_n(kz) hnS]dªsX¶v Camw kpbqXzn(d) Xsâ A JkzmCkzp Ip_vd 1/195Â, ]WvVnX·mcn \n¶p²cn¨n«p­v.

dafzm³ amk¯neÃm¯ t\m¼v

tNmZyw: dafzm³ amk¯neÃm¯ aäv hà t\m¼pIfpw \nÀ_Ôapt­m?

D¯cw: tcJIfpsS shfn¨¯n dafzm³ t\m¼v am{XamWv ASnØm\]cambn \nÀ_ÔambXv. AÃm¯h ASnØm\]cambn \nÀ_ÔanÃ. ]¬VnX·mÀ GtIm]n¨XmWv C¡mcyw. Camw \hhn(d)bpsS {]kvXmh\ ImWpI: dafzm³ t\m¼Ãm¯h idC ASnØm\]cambn \nÀ_ÔamIp¶nsöv CPvamAv sIm­v Øncs¸«XmWv. F¶m t\À¨, {]mbÝn¯w XpS§nb ImcW§Ä sIm­v aäv t\m¼pIfpw \nÀ_Ôambnhcpw (idD apl±_v 6/248).

tlm«Â, IqÄ_mÀ

tNmZyw: P·\m Aapkvenamb HcmÄ¡v t\m¼v \nÀ_Ôansöv ]dbpt¼mÄ Ahscbpw aäv t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔanÃm¯hscbpw ]cnKWn¨v tlm«Â, IqÄ_mÀ XpS§nb Øm]\§Ä Xpd¶p {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xpw t\m¼v Ime¯v tPmen sN¿p¶ Aapkvenw IÄ¡v `£Ww \ÂIp¶Xpw sXämIptam? \½psS \m«nse P\§Ä CsXmcp alm]mXIambn ImWp¶p. tIcf¯nsâ ]pd¯pw tIcf¯nse Nne {]tZi§fnepw CXv sXäm bn ImWp¶panÃ. hniZoIcn¨mepw.

D¯cw: t\m¼v Ime¯v Bsc ]cnKWn¨msW¦nepw tlm«Â, IqÄ_mÀ XpS§nb Øm ]\§Ä Xpd¶p {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv dafzm\nsâ BZchns\ CÃmXm¡epw dafzm\ns\ \nµn¡epamWv. AXpsIm­mWv CXv alm]mXIambn ImWp¶Xv. am{XaÃ, Cfhv A\phZn¡s¸Sm¯ t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔambhÀ h¶v `£Ww Ign¡m\pw km[yXbp­v. tZmi s¯ klmbn¡m³ Xpd¶p{]hÀ¯n¡Â ImcWamIpsa¶v XoÀ¨.

iÀhm\n(d) ]dbp¶p: P·\m Aapkvenambh\v dafzm\nsâ ]Ien `£Ww \ÂIp¶Xv ldmamsW¶v inlm_pÀdwen(d) ^Xvh \ÂInbn«p­v.

sshcp²yw

tNmZyw: t\ms¼Sp¡m³ Ignbp¶ 7 hbÊv {]mbapÅ Ip«ntbmSv t\ms¼Sp¡m³ BÚm]n¡Â \nÀ_ÔamsW¶v ]dbp¶Xpw {]mb]qÀ¯nbpw _p²nbpapÅhÀ¡v am{Xta t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔapÅqsh¶v ]dbp¶Xpw sshcp²yatÃ?

D¯cw: sshcp²yaÃ. {]mb]qÀ¯nbpw _p²nbpapÅhÀ¡v am{Xta t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔapÅqsh¶v ]dªXpsIm­v Ip«nIÄ t\m¼v Dt]£n¨Xn\v ]ctemI¯v in£n¡s¸SnsömWv hnh£n¡p¶Xv. t\ms¼Sp¡m³ Ignbp¶ Ggv hbkv {]mbapÅ Ip«ntbmSv t\m¼\pjvTn¡m³ IÂ]n¡Â \nÀ_ÔamsW¶v ]dªXnsâ XmXv]cyw t\ms¼Sp¯nsæn Ip«n Ipä¡mc\mhpsa¶Ã. F¦nte sshcp²yapÅq.  {]XypX BÚm]nt¡­ c£nXmhv BÚm]n¡m¯Xnsâ t]cn in£n¡s¸Spsa¶mWv. Ip«ntbmSv C{]Imcw BÚm]n¡p¶Xv t\cs¯ ioen¨pt]m¶m {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbXn\p tijw Ah³ t\m¼v Dt]£n¡mXncn¡m\mWv. Ah\v t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔambXpsI#m­Ã. FÃm IÀ½imkv{X ]WvVnXcpw CXv hyàam¡nbn«p­v.

apÀX±v ho­pw Ckvemante¡v h¶mÂ

tNmZyw: {]mb]qÀ¯nbpw _p²nbpapÅ apkvenan\mWv t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIp¶sX¶v ]dbpt¼mÄ Aapkvenan\v \nÀ_Ôansötà hcp¶Xv? At¸mÄ Ckveman \n¶pw ]pd¯pt]mb Hcp apÀX±v ho­pw Ckvemante¡v h¶m IgnªIme§fnse t\m¼v JfzmAv hot«­Xpt­m?

D¯cw: C_v\p lPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p: dafm³ t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔamIp¶Xn\pÅ \n_Ô\bnsem¶mWv apkvenambncn¡Â. AXv Ignª Ime¯mbncp¶epw aXn. apÀX±ns\Ipdn¨m Wv Cu ]dªXv. AXpsIm­v Xs¶ Ah³ Ckvemante¡v aS§nh¶m JfzmAv ho«Â \nÀ_ÔamWv. BZyta Aapkvenambh³ C{]mIcaÃ. F¦nepw(Ah³ Im^ndmbn Xs¶ acn¨mÂ) t\m¼v Dt]£n¨Xnsâ t]cn ]ctemI¯v in£n¡s¸Spw. \nkvImc¯nsâ hnjbhpw CXpt]mse¯s¶ (Xplv^: 3/427).

BZyta Aapkvenambh³ Ckvemante¡v hcpt¼mÄ IgnªIme§fnse t\m¼,v \nkv Imcw XpS§nbh JfzmAv hot«­Xnsöv ]dbp¶Xv Ckvemw A\phZn¨psImSp¯ CfhmWv. Ckvemw BtÇjn¡p¶Xv t{]mÕmln¸n¡m\mWnXv. t\cs¯ apkvenambh³ Ckveman \n¶pw ]pd¯pt]mbm Ah³ ]mXIw sNbvXXn\m Cu Cfhn\h³ AÀl\Ã. adn¨v IqSpX {]bmk§fmWh³ A\p`hnt¡­nhcp¶Xv. AXpsIm­mWv Ckveman \n¶pw ]pd¯pt]mb Ime¯v Ah³ {`m´\mbm B kabs¯ t\m¼pw \nkvImchpsaÃmw Ckveman h¶tijw ho­pw JfzmAv ho«Wsa¶p ]dbp¶Xv (Xplv^: 3/432 C_v\p Jmknw klnXw t\m¡pI).

H¶ne[nIw {]mhiyw ssee¯p JZvÀ

tNmZyw: hÀj¯n Hcp {]mhiyamWtÃm ssee¯p JZvÀ D­mhpI. AXp Xs¶ Htc cmhnepw. F¶m Hcp Øe¯v cm{Xnbmhpt¼mÄ asämcp Øe¯v ]IemsW¦n AhÀ¡v AhcpsS cm{Xnbn ssee¯p JZÀ D­mIptam? Ds­¦n H¶ne[nIw {]mhiyamhpIbntÃ?

D¯cw: Hmtcm hÀj¯nepw  ssee¯p JZvÀ, FÃm Øe¯pw Htc cm{Xnbn kw`hn¡p¶psh¶mWv lZokpIÄ sXfnbn¡p¶Xv. DZmlcWambn Hcp hÀjw 27sâ cmhnemWv kw`hn¡p¶sX¦n FÃmbnS¯pw 27 \v Xs¶ kw`hn¡pw. ]t£, DZbmkvXa\¯nsâ hyXymka\pkcn¨v {]kvXpX cmhv \o­psIm­ncn¡psat¶bpÅq. CX\pkcn¨v H¶ne[nIw cmhpIfn D­mth­nhcnÃ.

`À¯mhv `£Ww ]mIw sN¿m³ ]dªmÂ

tNmZyw: `À¯mhv ]dbp¶sXÃmw A\pkcn¡Â `mcy¡v \nÀ_ÔamWtÃm. hrXa\pjvTn¡m¯ `À¯mhv t\m¼v Ime¯v `£Ww ]mIw sN¿m³ ]dªm A\pkcnt¡­Xpt­m?

D¯cw: `À¯mhv ]dbp¶sXÃmw A\pkcn¡Wsa¶v Ckvemw ]dbp¶nÃ. ldmamb Imcyw ]dªm A\pkcnt¡­XnÃ. AÃmlphn\v tZmiw sNbvXv HcmÄ¡pw hgns¸ScpsX¶mWv lZokv. t\m¼v \nÀ_ÔapÅ `À¯mhmWv t\m¼\pjvTn¡msX `£Ww ]mIw sN¿m³ Bhiys¸«sX¦n A\pkcn¡Â \nÀ_Ôansöv am{Xaà ldmapw IqSnbmWv. ImcWw CXv ldman\v Iq«p\n¡emWtÃm. ldman\v Iq«p\n¡ ldmamWv.

JmfznbpsS Adnhv Bkv]Zam¡n hn[n¡Â

tNmZyw: Hcp \m«nse Jmfzn amkw Dd¸n¨Xmbn t^m¬ aptJ\tbm, tdmUntbm, sSenhnj³ {]t£]Ww aptJ\tbm Ab \m«nse Jmfzn¡v t_m[ys¸«m AXSnØm\am¡n B Jmfzn¡v amkw Dd¸n¡m³ ]äptam? JmfznbpsS Adnhv Bkv]Zam¡n hn[n¡msa¶v IÀ½imkv{X ]¬VnX·mÀ ]dªXn CXpw DÄs¸SntÃ?

D¯cw: t^m¬, tdmUntbm, sSenhnj³ {]t£]Ww F¶nh Ahew_n¨v Jmfzn¡v amkw Dd¸n¡m³ ]äpIbnÃ. ssiJv aJvZqw X§fpsS hm¡pIÄ ImWpI: \oXnam\mb Hcp hyànbpsS dnt¸mÀ«,v Ahsâ hnizmktbmKyamb Fgp¯v XpS§nbh Ahew_n¨v kz´w icoct¯mSv am{Xw _Ôs¸«Imcy§Ä sN¿mhp¶XmWv. aäpÅhtcmSv _Ôs¸Sp¶ Imcy§Ä¡pw Jmfznbpambn _Ôs¸Sp¶ hn[n{]Jym]\¯n\pw Ah Ahew_n¡m³ ]mSnÃ. asämcp JmfznbpsS Fgp¯pw A{]Imcw Xs¶. idC¿mb e£yambn kzoIcn¡m³ ]äm¯hsbÃmw CXpt]mseXs¶bmWv(^Xvlp apCu³ 366). Cu ]dª idC¿mb e£yw sIm­v hnh£(tbmKycmb) c­p ]pcpj·mcpsS km£nXzamsW¶v ^Xvlp apCu\nsâ hymJym\ {KÙamb CB\Xv hmfyw 3/325  hyàam¡nbn«p­v.

C_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p. Hcp \m«n dafzm³ amk¸ndhn Øncs¸«m Ab \m«nse Jmzfn AXhew_n¨v dafzm³ Øncs¸Sp¯Wsa¦n A¶m«nse Jmfzn amkapd¸n¨Xmbn c­p km£nIÄ aptJ\ Øncs¸SWw. HcmÄ aXnbmInÃ. ASnØm\]cambn dafzm³ Øncs¸Sm³ HcmÄ aXnbmIpsa¦nepw Hcp cmPy¯v Øncs¸«Xmbn asämcp JmfznbpsS AcnIn Øncs¸Sm³ c­v km£nIÄ Xs¶ thWw (Xplv^ 3/380).

F¶m kz´w Adnhv Ahew_n¨v Jmfn¡v hn[n¡msa¶v ]dªXnsâ hym]vXnbn t^m¬, tdmUntbm XpS§nbh aptJ\bpÅ Adnhv DÄs¸SnÃ. ImcWw A¸dª Adnhv sIm­v hnh£ F´msW¶v IÀ½imkv{X ]¬VnXÀ Xs¶ hyàam¡nbn«p­v.

C_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p: JmfznbpsS Adnh\pkcn¨v hn[n¡msa¶v ]dªXnsâ hn h£, AXhew_am¡n km£n ]db A\phZ\obamIpw hn[apÅ iànbmÀÖn¨ anI¨ `mh\ D­mhpI F¶mWv. Dd¸v Xs¶ D­mI \n_Ô\bmsW¶v ]dbp¶Xv A{]_eamWv (Xplv^ 10/148).

t^m¬, tdmUntbm, sSenhnj³ Ahew_am¡n km£n ]dbm³ ]mSnsöXv ]dtb­XnÃtÃm. \áamb t\{X§ÄsIm­v ImWpItbm I­Xnsâ ASnØm\¯n C¶ Jmfzn dafzm³ Øncs¸Sp¯nbn«ps­¶v t\cn t_m[ys¸SpItbm sNbvXÃmsX km £n ]dbm³ ]mSnsöXv AhnXÀ¡nXamWv. Npcp¡¯n t^m¬, tdmUntbm XpS§nbh Ahew_n¨v km£n ]dbm³ ]äm¯t]me¯s¶ Ah aptJ\bpÅ Adnhv Ahew_n¨v Jmfzn¡v hn[n ]dbm\pw ]äpIbnÃ.

JXzo_pÈnÀ_o\n(d) FgpXp¶p: JmfznbpsS Adnh\pkcn¨v hn[n¡msa¶v ]dªXn Ahsâ tIhe `mh\IÄ am{Xw aXnbmInÃ. AImcWamtbm ]cnKW\obambn iÀAv km£ys¸Sp¯m¯ ImcW§Ä aptJ\tbm a\Ên kwPmXamIp¶ [mcWIfpw aXnbmInÃ. F¶m \ntj[n¡m³ ]äm¯ hn[w F®aä BfpIfpsS dnt¸mÀ«v aptJ\bpÅ Adnhv Ahew_n¨v hn[n¡msa¶v ]dtbm­XnÃ. Imcyw hyàamIpt¼mÄ [mcW¸nghv \o§p¶psh¶XmWv ImcWw (apán 4/398).

C{Xbpw hniZoIcn¨Xn \n¶v Hcp \m«nse Jmfzn amkapd¸n¨Xmbn AbÂ\m«nse Jmfzn¡v t^m¬, tdmUntbm XpS§nbh aptJ\ hnhcw e`n¨m AXv Ahew_am¡n hn[n ]dbm³ ]mSnsöpw A\ntj[yamw hn[apÅ dnt¸mÀ«v e`n¨m km£nIÄ IqSmsX Xs¶ B dnt¸mÀ«v Ahew_am¡n hn[n¡msa¶pw hyàambn. hn[n¨ JmfznbpsS AcnIn t\cn«v sNÃpIbpw At±lw hn[n¨Xmbn Xt¶mSv t\cn ]dbpIbpw sNbvXm AXv Ahew_am¡nbpw AbÂ\m«nse Jmfzn¡v hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv. Xsâ A[nImc]cn[nbpsS ]pd¯v \n¶v e`n¨ Andhmbncp¶mepw AXhew_am¡n hn[n¡msa¶v apánbnepw Akv\bnepw {]kvXmhn¨Xv CXn\v sXfnhmWv (iÀhm\n 10/148).

ta hniZoIcW¯n \n¶v Xmsg ]dbp¶ Imcy§Ä {Kmlyambn.

t^m¬, tdmUntbm, sSenhnj³ XpS§nbh aptJ\ hnizk\obambn e`n¡p¶ Adnhv Bkv]Zam¡n kz´w {]hÀ¯n¡mhp¶XmWv.

Cu ]dª \nbaw Jmfzn¡pw _m[IamWv.

\m«n s]mXphmbn \nbaw _m[IamIpwhn[w Jmfzn hn[n {]Jym]n¡m³ Ah Ahew_nam¡nIqSm.

Ah Ahew_am¡n Jmfzn dafzm³ {]Jym]n¨m AXv kzoImcyaÃ.

t^m¬, tdUntbm, sSenhnj³ aptJ\ ZÀi\w t_m[ys¸« Jmfzn¡v kz´ambn t\m¼pw s]cp¶mfpamIpt¼mÄ Xs¶ Xsâ A[nImc ]cn[nbnepÅ P\§Ä¡ Xv _m[IamhpIbnÃ.

tbmKycmb c­mfpIfpsS km£nXzansænepw A\ntj[yamwhn[w Øncs¸« dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ Bkv]Zam¡n Jmfzn¡v hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv.

dafzm³ Øncs¸Sp¯nb hnizkvX\mb Jmfzn t\cn Xt¶mSv ]dªXv Ahew_am¡n Jmfzn¡v hn[n¡mhp¶XmWv.

kwbpà Jmfzn

tNmZyw: ]e cmPy§fn A[nImcapÅ Hcp Jmfzn A[nImc]cn[nbnÂs]« Hcp cmPy¯p\n¶pw Xm³ hn[n¨Xmbn asämcp cmPy§fnte¡v Fgp¯v sImSp¯b¨m B Fgp¯v Ahew_am¡n B \m«pImÀ¡v t\m¼v A\pjvTn¡mtam?

D¯cw: ]e cmPy§fnÄ A[nImcapÅ Hcp Jmfzn A[nImc]cn[nbnÂs]« Hcp cmPy¯v \n¶v hn[n {]Jym]n¡p¶tXmsS Xsâ A[nImc]cn[nbnepÅ apgph³ \m«pImÀ¡pw B hn[n _m[Iamhp¶XmWv. AXpsIm­pXs¶ B hn[n _m[Iamhp¶Xn Fgp¯n\v ]cnKW\bnÃ. X§fpsS Jmfzn hn[n¨ncn¡p¶sh¶ hnhcw e`n¡pI am{XamWv Fgp¯psIm­v \S¡p¶Xv. hn[nbÃ. Npcp¡¯n hnizk\obambn e`n¨n JmfznbpsS Fgp¯v Ahew_am¡n t\m¼v A\pjvTnt¡­XmWv.

amk¸ndhn

tNmZyw: Hcp \m«n amk¸ndhn ZÀi\w D­mbm Ab cmPy§Ä¡pw AXv _m[Iamhptam? F¦n am\ZWvUsa´v?

D¯cw: Hcp {]tZi¯v amk¸ndhn ZÀi\w D­mbm AXnt\mSv ASp¯v InS¡p¶ cmPy§Ä¡pw B hn[n _m[Iamhp¶XmWv. DZb§Ä hyXymkamIepw BImXncn¡epamWv cmPy§Ä ]ckv]cw ASp¸¯nepw AI¨bnepw Bhp¶Xnsâ am\ZWvUw. Cu A`n{]mbamWv {]_eambXv. Camw \hhn(d) an³lmPn {]kvXmhn¨XmWv C¡mcyw.

Cu hm¡pIÄ hniZoIcn¨psIm­v C_v\p lPÀ(d) FgpXp¶p: DZbmkvXa\§Ä hyXymkamIp¶Xnepw BImXncn¡p¶Xnepw tKmf imkv{XÚ·msc hn[nIÀ¯m¡fm¡mhp¶XmWv. Chsc hn[nIÀ¯m¡fm¡m³ ]mSnsöv ]dbp¶Xv ASnØm\ Imcy§fn am{XamWv. A\p_Ô§fneÃ. DZb hyXymkw IW¡m¡Â Cu A\p_Ô§fn s]«XmWv ({hXw \nÀ_ÔamIp¶Xn\v  ASnØm\]cambn Ahsc Ahew_n¡m³ ]mSnsænepw Hcp cmPy¯pÅhÀ¡v t\m¼v \nÀ_Ôambm AtXmS\p_Ôn¨v Ab cmPy¡mÀ¡pw AXv _m[Ihpsa¶ hnjb¯n Ahsc hn[nIÀ¯m¡fm¡msa¶v Npcp¡w). F¶m Hcp cmPy¯v ZÀin¡s¸«m atä cmPy¯v ZÀin¡mXncn¡Â A[nIamIpwhn[w c­p cmPy§fpw AI¶ncn¡emWv DZb§Ä hyXymkamIp¶XpsIm­pÅ hnh£sb¶v A³hmdn {]kvXmhn¨n«p­v. Xplv^ 3/381).

CX\pkcn¨v DZb hyXymkw IW¡m¡m³ tPmÕy·msc B{ibnt¡­nhcp¶nÃ. C XpsIm­v Xs¶bmWv DZbhyXymk¯n\v Ahew_ambn ^Xvlp apCu³ t]Pv 187  A³hmdnsâ hm¡v am{Xw D²cn¨Xv.

ZqcZÀin\nbneqsS amk¸ndhn

tNmZyw: ZqcZÀin\n t]msebpÅ D]IcW§ÄsIm­v HcmÄ amk¸ndhn ZÀin¨m AXv Ahew_n¨v amkw Dd¸n¡m³ ]äptam?

D¯cw: CÃ. km£nsamgn kzoIcn¡Wsa¦n iAv_m³ 29 \v AkvXan¨ tijw \á t\{X§ÄsIm­v N{µs\ ZÀin¨ncn¡Ww. I®mSn, shÅw, ZqcZÀin\n t]msebpÅ D]IcW§ÄsIm­pÅ ImgvN¡v bmsXmcp ]cnKW\bpanà (Xplv^ 3/372 iÀhm\n klnXw).

C©£³, ¥qt¡mkv

tNmZyw: C©£³, ¥qt¡mkv XpS§nbh Ibäp¶XpsIm­v t\m¼v apdnbptam? apdnbpsa¦n IÀ½imkv{X ]¬VnX·mÀ ]dª Pu^n(DÅv)sâ hym]vXnbn Rc¼pIfpw aknepIfpw DÄs¸Sptam? apdnbnsæn t\m¼\pjvTn¨ hyàn ]I kab¯v ¥qt¡mkv Ibäns¡m­ncp¶m t\m¼v sIm­v e£yam¡p¶ KpWw IcØamIptam?

D¯cw: aknente¡v ASn¡p¶ C©Ivj³ sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbnÃ. F¶m Rc¼nte¡v Ibäp¶ C©Ivj³, ¥qt¡mkv, càw XpS§nbh sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbpsa¶mWv ]WvVnX ]£w. km[mcWKXnbn DÄ`mKw F¶p ]dbm³ ]äp¶ `mKw ta hkvXp¡Ä Ibäp¶ Rc¼pIÄ¡ps­¶XmWv ImcWw. hà hkvXphpw Ign¨p sIm­v t\m ¼v \ãs¸Sp¯msXbpw `£Ww Dt]£n¨p sIm­v £oWn¡msXbpw t\m¼v  e`yamIm³ ¥qt¡mkv Ibänbm aXnbmIpsa¶ [mcW \ncÀYIamsW¶v ta hniZoIcW¯n \n¶v hyàambn.

aÖ FÃnsâ DÄ`mK¯v \ndªp \n¡p¶Xv t]mse càhpw Rc¼nsâ DÄ`mK¯v \ndªp \n¡p¶Xv sIm­v km[mcWKXnbn DÄ`mKw F¶p]dbm³ ]äp¶ hn[¯nepÅ Hcp `mKw Rc¼n\nsöXmWv NnecpsS \ymboIcWw. CXv icnbÃ. Imcyw taÂ]dªXv t]msebmsW¦n aÖ FÃnsâ DÅn \nÝeambn \n¡p¶ t]mse càhpw Rc¼pIÄ¡pÅn \nÝeambn \nÂt¡­nbncp¶p. adn¨v AXv Ft¸mgpw Nen¨p sIm­ncn¡pIbmWv. AXpt]mse Xs¶ AXnte¡v Ibäp¶ càw, ¥qt¡mkv, acp¶v apXembhbpw Nen¨v sIm­ncn¡p¶p.

t\m¼v apdnbnsæn t\m¼\pjvTn¨ hyàn ]I kab¯v ¥qt¡mkv IbänsIm­ncp¶m t\m¼v sIm­v e£yam¡p¶ KpWw IcØamIptam F¶XmWv tNmZy¯nse asämcp hiw. t\m¼v apdnbpsa¶v h¶tXmsS Cu tNmZyw A{]kàamhp¶p. hniZ ]T\¯n\v “t\m¼v apdnbp¶ Imcy§Ä” F¶ teJ\w ImWpI.

kln¡m\mhm¯ hni¸v

tNmZyw: kln¡m\mhm¯ hni¸v ImcWw £oWn¨hi\mbh³ ¥qt¡mkv Ibäp¶Xv t\m¼v apdnbmXncn¡m\pÅ {]Xn_Ôambn ]cnKWn¨pIqtS?

D¯cw: ]cnKWn¨pIqSm. t\m¼v apdnbpIXs¶ sN¿pw. ]t£, {]Xn_ÔapÅXn\m t\m¼v apdn¨Xn Ah³ Ipä¡mc\Ã. asämcp Znhkw JfzmAv ho«Wsat¶bpÅq. C_v\p lPÀ(d)bpsS hm¡v ImWpI: hni¸v XcWw sN¿pI F¶ hnjaw apIÃ^v ({]mb ]qÀ¯nbpw _p²nbpapÅh³) kln¡m\mWv t\m¼v \nbaam¡s¸«Xv. AXv icoc ip²nbnte¡v Iq«p¶psh¶XmWv ImcWw. F¶m cm{XnbpsS Ahkm\ `mKw (A¯mgkab¯v) `£Ww Ign¨n«pw t\m¼v apdn¡p¶Xnte¡v \nÀ_ÔnX\mIpw hn[apÅ Aklyamb hnj¸p­mhp¶Xv A]qÀÆhpw imizXaÃm¯XpamIp¶p. tcmKw t]mse Xs¶. AXpsIm­v t\m¼v apdn¡Â A\phZ\obhpw JfzmAv ho«Â \nÀ_ÔhpamIp¶p (Xplv^ 3/404).

càw FSp¡Â

tNmZyw: t\m¼\pjvTn¨hsâ icoc¯n \n¶pw càw FSp¡p¶Xn\m t\m¼v apdnbptam? apdnbpsa¦n HcmfpsS Poh³ c£n¡p¶Xn\pth­nbmWv càw FSp¡p¶sX¦n t\m¼v apdn¨Xn\v Ah³ Ipä¡mc\mhptam?

D¯cw: Rc¼nte¡v kndn©v IbänbmWv càw FSp¡p¶sX¦n t\m¼v apdnbpw. Rc¼nsâ DÅv IÀ½imkv{X ]¬VnX·mÀ ]dª Pu^nsâ ]cn[nbnÂs]«Xpw kndn©v Rc¼nte¡v IbänbXv Dt±iyt¯msSbmbXpamWv ImcWw. càw ]pds¯Sp¡Â Dt±iyambXpt]mseXs¶ kndn©v Rc¼nte¡v Ibäepw Dt±iyt¯msS Xs¶bmWv. AhnNmcnXaÃ. HcmfpsS Poh³ c£n¡m³th­nbmWv C{]Imcw càw FSp¡p¶sX¦n t\m¼v apdn¡p¶XpsIm­v Ipä¡mc\mhpIbnÃ. JfzmAv ho«Â \nÀ_ÔamWv.

asämcmsf c£s¸Sp¯m³th­n t\m¼v apdn¡p¶Xv kw_Ôn¨v C_v\p lPÀ(d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: JfzmAv ho«pI, ap±v sImSp¡pI XpS§nb hnjb¯n apesImSp¡p¶ kv{Xobn ]dª hniZoIcWamWv asämcp Pohlm\n kw`hn¡m³ t]mIp¶ a\pjy t\m AÃm¯tXm Bb _lpaXnbpÅ Pohnsb c£n¡m³ th­n t\m¼v apdn¡p¶Xpw. t\m¼v apdn¨ÃmsX c£s¸Sp¯m³ IgnbmsX hcpt¼mgmWnXv. asämcmfpsS Bhiy¯n\ph­n t\m¼v apdn¡Â Xs¶bmWtÃm ChnsSbpÅXv. CX\pkcn¨v c£s¸Sp¯m³ {ian¨h\v kz´tam c­mÄ¡pw IqSntbm Pohlm\n kw`hn¡psa¶v `bs¸«m ]n¶oSv JfzmAv ho«nbm am{XwaXn. ^nZvb sImSpt¡­XnÃ. {]XypX B Pohn¡v am{Xw Pohlm\n kw`hn¡psa¶v `bs¸Spt¼mÄ JfzmAv ho«epw ^nZvb(]ng) \ÂIepw \nÀ_Ôamhpw (Xplv^, C_v\p Imknw klnXw 3/413).

càw sImSp¯nsæn cà¯n\mhiyamb hyànbpsS Pohlm\n am{Xw `bs¸Sp¶ Xv sIm­v kndn©v Ibän càw FSp¯m t\m¼v apdnbp¶Xpw ]n¶oSv JfzmAv hot«­Xpw ^nZvb sImSpt¡­XpamsW¶pw t\m¼v apdn¨Xn Ipä¡mc\mInsöpw Cu hniZoIcW¯n \n¶pw hyàambn.

]pIhen

tNmZyw: ]pIbn¸n¡pI, ]pI hen¡pI XpS§nbhbneqsS DÅnte¡v ]pI tNcp¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbptam?

D¯cw: ]pI km[mcWKXnbn Hcp XSnbmbn ]cnKWn¡s¸Sm¯Xn\m ta ]dªh sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbnsöv ]dbp¶hcp­v. F¶m taÂ]dªhbneqsS ]pI DÅnte¡v F¯nbm XSn Xs¶bmWv DÅnte¡v tNcp¶sX¶pw AXpsIm­v t\m¼v apdnbp¶XmsW¶papÅ A`n{]mbamWv {]_ew. hmkvXhhpw CXv Xs¶. ssiJv 'Aen ¿p_v\p Pamen a¡n, _Àamhn, AÃmam A_vZpÃmln_v\p k'CuZv, C_v\pJzmknw, _mPqcn, C_v\pknbmZv (d.lpw.) XpS§nb ]WvVnX·mÀ {]kvXmhn¨XmWv C¡mcyw.

KÀ`nWnbpw ape sImSp¡p¶ kv{Xobpw

tNmZyw: KÀ`nWnIÄ¡pw ape sImSp¡p¶ kv{XoIÄ¡pw t\m¼v Dt]£n¡mtam? hniZoIcn¨mepw.

D¯cw: KÀ`nWn, ape sImSp¡p¶ kv{Xo F¶nhÀ Ip«n¡v hnjaw kw`hn¡psa¶ `bapÅXv sIm­v t\m¼v Dt]£n¨m Hcp ap±v Zm\w sN¿p¶tXmsSm¸w JzfzmAv ho «ÂIqSn \nÀ_ÔamIpw. kz´w Ipªnsâ Imcy¯n am{XaÃ, Iqent¡m AÃmsXtbm aäp Ipªp§sf apebq«p¶hÄ¡pw Cu hn[n _m[IamWv. C\n AhÀ kz´w icoc¯nt\m icoc¯n\pw Ip«n¡pw IqSntbm hnjaw kw`hn¡psa¶v `bs¸«Xn\v th­nbmWv t\m¼v Dt]£n¨sX¦n JzfzmAv ho«Â am{Xta \nÀ_ÔapÅq. ap±v sImSpt¡­XnÃ.

Dan\oÀ Cd¡nbmÂ

tNmZyw: Dan\oÀ Cd¡p¶Xn\m t\m¼v apdnbptam?

D¯cw : Dan\oÀ,  AXnsâ DdhnSamb hmbn \n¶v t\sc DÅnte¡v Xs¶ Cd§nt¸mIp¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbpIbnÃ. ]t£, \mhnt·embn«ÃmsX ]pd¯ph¶ Xp¸p\ocv ho­pw DÅnte¡v Cd¡nbm t\m¼v apdnbpI Xs¶ sN¿pw. hmbn D­mbncns¡m­ncn¡p¶ Xp¸p\ocv Xp¸n¡fbmsX Ah Hcpan¨p IqSnb tijw AIt¯¡v Cd¡p¶Xv sIm­pw t\m¼v apdnbp¶nÃ.

F¶m Dan\ocv Cd¡p¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbpIbnsöv ]dªXv ]Ãnsâ Du\v s]m«nb càw t]msebpÅh sIm­v AXv \Pkmbn«nsænemWv. {]XypX, \Pkmbn«ps­¦n AXv Cd¡p¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbp¶XmWv. cà¯nsâ Hcp IeÀ¸panÃm¯ hn[w Xp¸p\oÀ sXfnªncp¶mepw icn. \PkmbtXmsS AXv A\yhkvXphnsâ Øm\¯msb¶XmWv ImcWw. C¸dªXv km[mcW Du³ s]m«n càw hcp¶Xv sIm ­v hnja¯nembn«nsænemWv. C\n hnjakÔnbneIs¸«h\msW¦n AXpsIm­v t\m¼v apdnbp¶XÃ. \nb{´n¡m\mIm¯Xv Xs¶ ImcWw.

AXpt]mse hpfzqAv FSp¡p¶ kab¯v hmbn shÅw sIm¹n¡pt¼mÄ Xp¸p\otcmsSm¸w shůnsâ IeÀ¸p­mbm AXv DÅnte¡v Cd¡p¶Xv aqew t\m¼v apdnbpIbnÃ. Xp¸n¡fbm³ km[yamsW¦nepw icn. AXns\ kq£n¡pI hnjaIcamsW¶XmWv ImcWw.

\kyw sN¿Â

tNmZyw : aq¡neqsS acp¶pän¨m t\m¼v apdnbptam? 

D¯cw : sNhn, aq¡v, aq{XZzmcw F¶nhbneqsS icoc¯nsâ DÅnte¡v acp¶v Dän¡pI, aeZzmc¯neqsS acp¶v IbäpI XpS§nb ImcW§Ä sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbp¶XmWv.

F® ]pc«epw kpdpabnSepw

tNmZyw: Xebnepw icoc¯nepw F®]pc«pI, kpdpabnSpI XpS§nbhsIm­v t\m¼v apdnbptam? Ah tcmaIq¸pIfneqsS    DÅnte¡v Cd§patÃm. Xpd¡s¸« Zzmcw sIm­v e£yam¡p¶Xv F´mWv?

Xebnepw icoc¯nepw F® tX¡p¶Xn\m tcmaIq]§Ä¡nSbneqsS Ah DÅnte¡v {]thin¡p¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbnÃ. AXnsâ {]Xn^e\w DÅnte¡v F¯nbmepw icn. A{]Imcw Xs¶ I®n kpdpabnSp¶Xv sIm­pw t\m¼v apdnbpIbnÃ. ]of¡pgnbpsS sNdnb Zzmc¯n\pÅneqsS kpdpabpsS IpfnÀa sXm­bn F¯p¶ps­¦nepw icn. Chsbm¶pw Xpd¡s¸« Zzmc§fsöXmWv ImcWw. Ch ZyjvSn¡v hnt[baÃm¯hn[w t\cnb Zzmc§fmWv (Xp lv^ 3/403).

CXn \n¶v Xpd¡s¸« Zzmcw sIm­pt±in¡p¶Xv ZyjvSn¡v hnt[bambXpw t\cnbXÃm¯Xpamb Zzmc§fmsW¶v hyàambn. Ir{Xnaambn ]n¶oSv D­m¡s¸«Xpw AXnepÄs¸Spw. AXpsIm­mWv Xet¨mdnte¡v F¯pwhn[tam hbänte¡v F¯pw hn[tam I¯nt]msebpÅh Xmgv¯nbmepw t\m¼v Akm[phmIp¶Xv (Xplv^ 3/402).

F¶m amenIn aZvl_v A\pkcn¨v kpdpabnSp¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼p apdnbpsa¶mWv. AXp ]cnKWn¨v t\m¼pImc³ kpdpabnS \ÃXà (Xplv^ 3/403, ^.ap'Cu³, C'B\¯v 2/249). t\m¼pImc\v `qjWaÃm¯ BUw_c¯n\pw `wKn¡pw kpdpabnSp¶Xv ImcWamWv (C'B\¯v 2/249).

ssdkvanÃp sXmgnemfnIÄ

tNmZyw: ssdkv anÃpIfn tPmensN¿p¶hcpsS hmbneqsSbpw aäpw s]mSn]Se§Ä DÅnse¯patÃm. CXn\m t\m¼v apdnbptam?

D¯cw : CÃ. hgnbnse s]mSn]Se§Ä, tKmX¼v, Acn XpS§nbhbpsS t\cnb s]mSnIÄ XpS§nbh AhnNmcnXambn DÅnte¡v F¯p¶Xv kq£n¡Â {]bmkIcambXmWv ImcWw t\m¼v apdnbpIbnÃ. DÅnses¯nbXv A¸tam IqSpXtem F¶ hyXymkanÃ. CX\pkcn¨v s]mSn]Se§fp­mIp¶ knaâv, amÀ_nÄ XpS§nbhbpsS DXv]mZ\ tI{µ§fnepw ssdkvanÂ, tkman XpS§nb Øm]\§fnepw tPmensN¿p¶hcpsS izmk¯neqsS AhnNmcnXambn s]mSnIÄ Ibdnt¸mIp¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbnsöv hyàambn. hmbbpw aq¡pw AS¨psh¨v s]mSn Ibdp¶Xv kq£n¡msa¦nepw AS¨psh¡m³ I¸n¡p¶nÃ( Xplv^ iÀhm\n klnXw, 3/403, 404).

ap§n¡pfn¡Â

tNmZyw: t\m¼v Ime¯v ]I kab§fn ap§n¡pfn¡m³ ]mSnsöv NneÀ ]dbp¶p. CXv icnbmtWm?

D¯cw: ap§n¡pfn¨psh¶Xv sIm­v am{Xw t\m¼v apdnbpIbnÃ. ]t£, ap§n¡pfn¡p¶hsâ DÅnte¡v shÅw F¯nbm t\m¼v apdnbp¶XmWv. AhnNmcnXambn IbdnbXmbmepw icn. adn¨v shÅw Hgn¨p Ipfn¡p¶hsâ DÅnte¡v AhnNmcnXambn shÅw Ibdp¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbp¶nÃ. t\m¼pImcs\ At]£n¨v ap§n¡pfn¡p¶Xv hne¡s¸«Xpw shÅw icoc¯nsemgn¨v Ipfn¡p¶Xv hne¡s¸Sm¯XpamWv ImcWw. ap§p¶Xv sIm­v Xs¶ t\m¼v apdnbpsa¶psh¨Ã DÅnte¡v shÅw tNcm³ AXv ImcWamIp¶p F¶Xv sIm­mWv hne¡v. At¸mÄ DÅnte¡v shÅw tNcp¶Xv kq £n¨v ap§nbXv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbp¶nÃ. F¦nepw ]I kab§fn ap§n¡pfn¡mXncn¡emWv A`nImayw. AXpsIm­mWv Ipfn \nÀ_ÔambhÀ kzp_vln¡p ap¼v Ip fn¡Â kp¶¯mbXv (iÀhm\n 3/406).

AÀikv (aqe¡pcp)

tNmZyw: aqehym[nbpÅhcn \n¶pw aqew ]pd¯ph¶m AXv DÅnte¡v Xs¶bm¡p¶XpsIm­v t\m¼v apdnbptam?

D¯cw: CÃ. AXns\ DÅnte¡v Xs¶ Ibä AXymhiyambXmWv ImcWw. F¶m càw t]msebpÅ Aip²amb hà hkvXp¡fpw AXnsâta Ds­¶ncn¡s«. F¦n AXns\ Ibäp¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbptam CÃtbm F¶ Imcy¯n c­`n{]m bap ­v. t\m¼v apdnbnsö A`n{]mb¯n\mWv {]m_eyw. Cu c­`n{]mbw Xs¶ {]kvXpX Aip² hkvXp¡fpÅ aqew IgpIp¶Xv sIm­v hnjaansænemWv. {]XypX hnjaaps­¦n IgpIp¶Xnsâ ap¼pXs¶ Ibäp¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbnsöXv AhnXÀ ¡nXamWv (Xplv^ 3/404).

Sq¯vt]Ìv D]tbmKn¨v {_jv sN¿Â

tNmZyw: t\m¼pÅt¸mÄ Sq¯vt]Ìv D]tbmKn¨v {_jv sN¿p¶XpsIm­v t\m¼v apdnbptam?

D¯cw: {_jv sN¿p¶XpsIm­v am{Xw t\m¼v Akm[phmIp¶nÃ. ]t£, t]Ìv IeÀ ¶ Dan\oÀ DÅnte¡v Cd§nt¸mbm t\m¼v Akm[phmIpw. t]Ìv D]tbmKn¨v {_jv sNbvXXn\ptijw hmb icn¡pw hr¯nbm¡nbn«nsæn t]Ìnsâ IeÀ¸pÅ Dan\oÀ DÅnte¡v Cd§m³ km[yXbpÅXpsIm­v {]tXyIw kq£nt¡­XmWv(^XvD apCu³ 193/Xplv^ 3/405).

kz]v\kvJe\w

tNmZyw : kz]v\kvJe\w sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbptam? 

D¯cw : CÃ.

Npw_\hpw t\m¼pw

tNmZyw: kv{Xo kv]Àiw, Npw_\w F¶nh sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbptam?

kv]Àiw, Npw_\w XpS§nb ImcW§fm ip¢w ]pds¸«m t\m¼v apdnbpw. icockv ]Àit¯msS `mcybpsam¶n¨v InS¶ ImcW¯m C{µnbw ]pds¸«mepw XssYh. F ¶m adtbmSv IqSnbpÅ kv]Àiw, hnImct¯msSbpÅ ZÀi\w, Nn´ XpS§nb ImcW§fm ip¢w ]pds¸Sp¶Xv sIm­v t\m¼v apdnbp¶nÃ. hpfzqCs\ apdn¡pw hn[apÅ kv]Àiw CÃm¯Xn\m kz]v\kvJe\t¯mSmWv CXn\v kmayXbpÅXv. hnImcs¯ C¡nfns¸Sp¯p¶ Npw_\w t]msebpÅh t\m¼pImc\v Idml¯mIpsa¶mWv \nbaw. ^Àfzv t\m¼mWv A\pjvTn¡p¶sX¦n ldmansâ IpäapÅ(Xlvcoansâ) IdmlXv Xs¶bmIpw.

^nZvbbpsS AhIminIÄ

tNmZyw: ^nZvb(]ng)Bbn sImSpt¡­ ap±pIÄ BÀ¡mWv sImSpt¡­Xv. FÃmwIq Sn Hcp hyàn¡v sImSp¯m aXnbmIptam?

\jvSamb {hX§Ä¡v Hmtcm Znhk¯n\pw Hmtcm ap±v(800 an.en.) F¶ tXmXn `£W ]ZmÀYw hnXcWw sN¿emIp¶p ^nZvbbpsS hnh£.

C_v\plPÀ(d) ]dbp¶p: ^nZvb \ÂtI­Xv ^JoÀ, ankvIo³ F¶o hn`mK¯n s]«hÀ¡v am{XamWv. kImXnsâ AhIminIfmbn ]cnKWn¡s¸Sp¶ aäp hn`mK§Ä¡v ^nZvb \ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ. H¶ne[nIw ap±pIÄ \ÂIm³ _m[yXs¸«hÀ FÃmw HcmÄ¡p Xs¶ \ÂIp¶Xn sXänÃ. F¶m Hcp ap±v `£Ww `mKn¨v H¶ne[nIw Zcn{ZÀ¡p \ÂIm³ ]änÃ. H¶cap±v HcmÄ¡v F¶ tXmXn `mKn¨p\ÂIm\pw ]änÃ. Hmtcm ap±pw ]cn]qÀWamb Hcp ^nZvbbmsW¶XmWv ImcWw (Xplv^ 3/446).

ia\w {]Xo£n¡m\mhm¯ tcmKw

tNmZyw : ia\w {]Xo£n¡m\mhm¯ tcmKw aqetam atäm t\m¼\pjvTn¡m³ Ignbm¯ hyàn¡v Hmtcm Znhkhpw \nÀ_ÔamIp¶ ap±v AXXv Znhkw Xs¶ sImSpt¡­Xpt­m?  FÃm ap±pIfpw IqSn ap³Iqdmbn sImSp¡m³ ]äptam?

D¯cw: tNmZy¯n ]dªhÀ, KÀ`nWn, apesI#mSp¡p¶ kv{Xo XpS§nbhÀ¡v \nÀ _ÔamIp¶ ap±pIÄ ct­m c­n A[nItam Znhk§Ä¡v ap¼v sImSp¡Â A\phZ\obaÃ. Hmtcm Znhk¯nsâbpw ap±pIÄ B Znhk¯nsâ(ap¼nepÅ) cm{Xnbn sImSp¡mhp¶XmWv. F¶m JfzmAv ho«ens\(sXm«Sp¯ hÀj¯ntet¡m, tijapÅ hÀj§fntet¡m) ]n´n¸n¡p¶XpsIm­v \nÀ_Ôamhp¶ ^nZvb ImteIq«n Xs¶ sImSp¡mhp¶XmWv. C{]Imcw apán, \nlmb, CB_v F¶o {KÙ§fn D±cn¨n«p­v.

dafzm\nse kwkÀKw

tNmZyw: kwtbmKw sIm­v t\m¼v \jvSs¸Sp¯nbhÀ F´psN¿Ww?

D¯cw: t\m¼pImc\mbncns¡ dafzmsâ ]Ien `mcym`À¯m¡Ä ssewKnI_Ô¯n GÀs¸«m ISp¯ {]mbÝn¯w \nÀÆln¡Ww. kXyhnizmknbmb Hcp ASna sb ASna¯¯n \n¶v tamNn¸n¡emWv {]mbÝn¯w. CXv AkuIcyambmÂ(ASnasb  e`n¡m¯ \½psS cmPyw t]mse) XpSÀ¨bmbn c­pamkw t\m¼\pjvTnt¡­XmWv (Adp]Xv Znhksa¶mWpt±iyw). tcmKw, hmÀ[Iyw XpS§nb ImcW§Ä sIm­v CXv Akm[yambm Adp]Xv AKXnIÄt¡m Zcn{ZÀt¡m \m«nse {][m\ `£y[m\y§fn \n¶v Hcp ap±v hoXw \ÂIemWv \nÀ_ÔambXv (^Xvlp ap'Cu³ t]Pv 195 þ 197 t\m ¡pI).hy`nNmc¯n\pw I^v^md¯nsâ hn[n _m[IamWv. PnamCeqsS \jvSs¸Sp¯nb Hmtcm dafzm³ t\m¼n\pw shtÆsd I^v^md¯v \nÀ_ÔamWv. I^v^md¯v \nÀhln¨mepw \jvSs¸Sp¯nb {hXw JfzmAv ho«Â \nÀ_ÔamWv. hniZ ]T\¯n\v ‘dafzm\nse kwkÀKw’ F¶ teJ\w hmbn¡pI.

kzbwt`mKw

tNmZyw: kzbwt`mKw sIm­v t\m¼v \jvSs¸Sp¯nbhÀ¡v I^v^md¯pt­m?

D¯cw : kzbwt`mKw \nan¯w C{µnbkvJe\w kw`hn¨m I^v^md¯v BhiyanÃ. kvss{XWmhbh¯neÃmsX \S¯p¶ {IoUIÄ \nan¯w kvJe\w kw`hn¨mepw I^v ^md¯v th­XnÃ. \jvSs¸Sp¯nb {hXw JfzmAv ho«nbm aXnbmIpw.

Bdv t\m¼v

tNmZyw: iÆm amk¯nse Bdv t\m¼v F¶ t]cnednbs¸Sp¶ t\m¼pIÄ s]cp¶mÄ Zn\¯nt\mSv XpSÀ¶pÅ Bdv Znhk§fn Xs¶ A\pjvTn¡Wsa¶pt­m? iÆm amk¯nse GsX¦nepw Bdv Znhk§fn t\m¼\pjvTn¨mepw Cu ]pWyw IcØamhpIbntÃ?

D¯cw: ASnØm\ kp¶¯v e`n¡m³ iÆm amk¯n \n¶pÅ hnhn[ Bdv Znhk§fnembn t\m¼v A\pjvTn¨mepw aXnbmhpw. F¦nepw Bdv Znhkw H¶n¨mbncn¡epw AXv Xs¶ s]cp¶mÄ Zn\t¯mSv tNÀ¶mbncn¡epw IqSpX t{ijvTXbpÅXmWv (Xplv^; idvhm\n klnXw 3/452).

kp¶¯v t\m¼nt\msSm¸w JfzmAv ho«Â

tNmZyw: dafzm³ amk¯n \jvSs¸« t\m¼pIÄ aäv kp¶¯v t\m¼nsâ Znhk§fn JfzmAv ho«nbm JfzmCsâ _m[yX hoSpsa¦n c­nsâbpw {]Xn^ew e`n¡p tam?

D¯cw: Cu tNmZy¯n\p¯cambn C_v\p lPÀ(d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: IÀ½ imkv{X ]¬VnXcpsS hm¡pIÄ sIm­v hcp¶Xv t\m¼v kp¶¯pÅ Znhk§fn Hcp t\m ¼p­mI am{XamWv Dt±iyw. Xln¿¯v \nkvImcw sIm­pÅ Dt±iyw ]Ånbn Ibdnbm Hcp \nkvImcw D­mhpI F¶mbXpt]mseXs¶. At¸mÄ JfzmDw kp¶¯pw IcpXnbm c­nsâbpw {]Xn^ew e`n¡p¶XmWv. JfzmAv am{Xw IcpXnbm kp¶¯nsâ _m[yX hoSpsa¦nepw {]Xn^ew e`n¡nà (^Xmh Ip_vd 2/75).

\nlmbbpsS hm¡pIÄ ImWpI: iÆm t\m¼v, BipdmAv t\m¼v (aplÀdw ]¯nsâ t\m¼v) XpS§nb kp¶¯v t\m¼pItfmsSm¶n¨v JfzmAv ho«pItbm t\À¨bm¡nb t\m¼\pjvTn¡pItbm sNbvXm B Znhk§fnse kp¶¯v t\m¼nsâ {]Xn^ehpw e`n¡p¶XmWv. Camw _mdkn(d), Ckv^q\n(d), lmincn(d), lfvdan(d) XpS§nbhtcmSpw aäpw A\pKan¨psIm­v \½psS ]nXmhv (inlm_pÀdwen (d) C{]Imcw ^Xvh \ÂInbn«p­v. F¦nepw ]cn]qÀ® {]nX^ew e`n¡pIbnÃ. \nlmb¯n ]dªXv t]mse apánbnepw ImWmw (iÀhm\n 3/457).

DZbmkvXab hyXymkapÅ {]tZit¯¡v bm{X sN¿p¶hÀ

tNmZyw : DZbmØabw hyXymkapÅ Hcp cmPy¯v \n¶v asämcp cmPyt¯¡v t]mbh³ B \m«pImtcmSv t\m¼nepw s]cp¶mfnepw tbmPn¡pIbmtWm hntbmPn¡pIbm tWm th­Xv?

DZbmkvXab hyXymkapÅ {]tZit¯¡v bm{X sN¿p¶hÀ AhnsSsb¯nbm B {]tZi¯pImcpsS AhØ¡v A\pkrXambmWp t\m¼\pjvTnt¡­Xv. ]pds¸« \m «n AhÀ dafzm³ ap¸Xv ]qÀWambn A\pjvTn¨mepw F¯nt¨À¶ \m«n ap¸Xv XnIªn«nsæn AhÀ A\pjvTn¡p¶{Xbpw Znhkw Chcpw t\m¼\pjvTn¡pI Xs¶ thWw. Cu hnjb¯n C_v\p 'Aºmkv(d) Ipssd_v(d)t\mSv BÚm]n¨Xv CXn\p sXfnhmWv.

C\n iÆm amkw Zriyamb tZit¯¡mWv HcmÄ bm{Xt]mbsX¦n B \m«pImcpsS s]cp¶mfmtLmj¯n Cbmfpw ]¦ptNcWw. t\ms¼Sp¡m³ ]mSnÃ. bm{X¡mcsâ t\m¼v Ccp]s¯«pam{Xta F¯nbn«pÅqsh¦nÂt]mepw hn[n C§s\bmWv. F¶m \nÝnX Znhk¯n\p t]mcmbvabpÅXv ]n¶oSv ]cnlcn¡Ww. ImcWw Ad_namkw 28 Znhkambn Npcp§p¶ ]XnhnÃ. Ccp]s¯m¼Xv {hX§Ä CbmÄ¡v e`n¨n«ps­¦n hos­Spt¡­XnÃ. F¶m C§s\ bm{X sNbvXv F¯nb \m«n \n¶p ]pds¸« \m «nte¡v kqcymkvXab¯n\p ap¼pXs¶ Xncns¨¯p¶psh¦n {hXw XpScmsa¶p ]Wv VnX·mÀ A`n{]mbs¸«ncn¡p¶p. AkvXab kab¯v AbmÄ t\m¼pÅ \m«n Xs¶bmWtÃm \nesImÅp¶Xv.