kzlm_namÀ
]dªp : "AÃmlphnsâ XncpZqXtc, A§v R§tfmSv Xami ]dbp¶ptÃm? AhnSp¶p ]dªp
: Rm³ kXyaÃmsX ]dbp¶nÃ. \nÝbw.' (A_qlpssddx (d) D²cn¨Xv, XpÀapZn:
1990). A_qlpssddx (d) ]dªp : \_n (kz) AenbpsS ]p{X\mb lk\p thn \mhp ]pdt¯¡p
\o«pambncp¶p. At¸mÄ Ip«n Xncpta\nbpsS \mhnsâ sNa¸v ImWpw. XZhkcw Ip«n
AXn\p t\sc Bthi ]qÀhw FSp¯p NmSpw. (idlpÊp¶ : 3603). AÐpÃmln_v\p Aºmkv
(d), \_n (kz) ]dªXmbn \nthZ\w sN¿p¶p : \nsâ ktlmZct\mSp XÀ¡n¡cpXv.
Ahs\ Xami ]dªp thZ\n¸n¡pIbpw sN¿cpXv. (Dd¸nÃm¯ Hcp Imcyhpw) Aht\mSv \o
Dd¸n¨p hmKvZ¯w sN¿cpXv. A§s\ sNbvXm \o Aht\mSv ewL\w \S¯m³ CShcpw (XpÀapZn
1995). apBhnb¯p_v\p lbvZ (d) D²cn¡p¶p : \_n (kz) {]kvXmhn¨p : P\§sf
Nncn¸n¡phm³ thn kwkmcn¨p \pW ]dbp¶h\p \miw, Ah\p \miw, Ah\p \miw (AlvaZv,
XpÀapZn, A_qZmhqZv, Zmcnan, anivIm¯v 413).
Nncn¸n¡p¶ hmt¡m {]hÀ¯\tam BWp
Xami. AXv D]{ZhIcamb hn[¯nemIpt¼mÄ ]cnlmkambn¯ocp¶p. \nsâ ktlmZct\mSp
Xami ]dbcpXv F¶ {]hmNtIm]tZi¯n D]{ZhIcamb XamisbbmWv Dt±in¨n«pÅXv.
Camw \hhn (d) ]dbp¶p: ""]Xnhmtbm AanXamtbm \S¯p¶ ^enXamWv \ntcm[nXamb
Xami. CXv AÃmlphns\¡pdn¨pÅ kvacWbn \n¶pw kp{][m\amb aXImcy§sf¡pdn¨pÅ
Nn´bn \n¶pw a\pjys\ A{i²\m¡p¶p. an¡t¸mgpw AXp aäpÅhsc thZ\n¸n¡m\nShcp¯pIbpw
]I krjvSn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. am{XaÃ, Kmw`ocyhpw hyànXzhpw \jvSs¸Sp¯p¶p. Cu
tZmjhi§fn \n¶p c£s¸«n«pÅ ^enXamWv A\phZ\obamb Xami. AÃmlphnsâ dkqÂ
A]qÀhambn \S¯nbncp¶Xv Cubn\w Xamibmbncp¶p. AXmIs« kZkysâ a\Ên\p kt´mjw
]Icphm\pw at\mhnjaw km´z\s¸Sp¯m\pw thnbmbncp¶p. A{]ImcapÅ ^enXw
A`nImayamb NcybmIp¶p (anÀJm¯v 9/171).
Nncn¸n¡m³ thn am{Xw IYIfpw
hmÀ¯Ifpw sa\ªpm¡p¶Xpw IpäIcamWv. AÇoetam \pWtbm ]dªp kZkysc Nncn¸n¡p¶Xpw
A¯cw kZÊn ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xpw ldmamWv (^Xvlp apCu³ 380). Nncn¸n¡m³ thn
hymPw ]dbp¶h\p \miw `hn¡psa¶v \_n (kz) aq¶p XhW BhÀ¯n¨p ]dª lZokv \mw
apIfn hmbn¨p. ^enXw NncnbpsS ZqX\mWv. Nncn A\phZ\obamtbS¯v am{Xta ^enXw
A\phZ\obamIq. Nncn Nne tcmK§Ä¡v HcXntcmfw Huj[amsW¶v B[p\nI sshZy
imkv{Xhpw a\ximkv{Xhpw ]dbp¶p.
""Hcp ]mSp tcmK§Ä¡pÅ
HäaqenbmWp Nncn. a\pjy {]IrX¯nsâbpw kaql¯ntâbpw \nch[n tISp]mSpIÄ¡p ]änb
kn²uj[amWXv. "hneyw ss{^' F¶ hnJymX at\mtcmK hnZKv[³ Nncnsb
hymbmat¯mSmWv D]an¡p¶X''(a\xÈmkv{Xw amknI 1990 amÀ¨v).
akvXnjvIw Cf¡n hnSp¶ Hcp
imcocnI {]XnIcWamWp Nncn F¶Xp sImv Nncn¡pt¼mÄ icocw IqSnb AfhnÂ
HmIvknP³ hens¨Sp¡p¶p. XÕabapmIp¶ B´cnI Ne\§fpw A\pcW\§fpw Ht«sd
Ahbh§sf Dt¯PnXam¡p¶p. FÃmw ad¶p sImpÅ sXÃp t\cs¯ Nncn tcmK {]Xntcm[
skÃpIsf {]hÀ¯t\m³apJam¡p¶p. Nncn¡pÅ Cu A]qÀh kn²nbpsS \nZÀi\sat¶mWw
hntZi§fnse Nne Bip]{XnIfn Nncn¸n¡m³ am{Xambn \gvkpIsf \nban¡m³
XpS§nbn«pv. Hmtcm tcmKt¯bpw tcmKntbbpw {]tXyIw ]cnKWn¨v A\ptbmPyamb ^enX
KpfnIIÄ X¿mdm¡m³ sIÂ]pÅhsc am{Xta \gvkpIfmbn \nban¡pIbpÅq. lqÌWnse
skâv tPmk^vkv tlmkv]näen Nncn kma{KnIÄ kÖoIcn¨p h¨n«pÅ Hcp {]tXyI
apdn Xs¶bpv. The Living Room F ¶ t]cnÂ. 1982 emWv CXp {]hÀ¯\amcw`n¨Xv.
temkv Fbv ©Âknse lmÀ_À P\d tlmkv]näen Ip«nIfpsS hmÀUnt\mS\p_Ôn¨v Hcp
Nncnapdnbpv. Ip«nIÄ¡p \nÀ_m[w sN¶v Ccpt¶m \nt¶m InSt¶m GXp Nn{Xhpw
ImWmw. Nn{X§sfÃmw Nncn¸n¡p¶hbmWv. aäp Nne Bip]{XnIfnemIs« Huj[w hln¡p¶
D´p hnIfn Nncn kma{KnIfpw \Àa NcnX§fpw Xami¡YIfpw DÄs¡mÅp¶ kmlnXy
IrXnIfpw ]{XamknIIfpw lmkyKm\ ImkäpIfpw IcpXnbn«pmhpw (a\xÈmkv{Xw
amknI 1990 amˬv).
BßobX¡pw [mÀanIX¡pw henb {]m[m\yw
sImSp¡m¯ `uXnI Nn´mKXn¡mcmb a\imkv{XÚ³amcpsSbpw sshZy imkv{XÚcpsSbpw \nKa\§fpsS
ASnØm\¯nepÅ Nncn NnInÕ thZ\ eLqIcn¡m\pw ia\w XzcnXs¸Sp¯m\pw Nnet¸mÄ
D]Icns¨¶p ht¶¡pw. ]t£, AXp \ncp]m[nIw \ap¡p kzoIcn¡m³ ]änÃ. Nne D]m[n
ItfmsS A\nhmcy L«¯n am{Xta AXp kzoIcn¡m³ ]äq. ZpxJnXs\ kamizkn¸n¡m³
Xami ]dbp¶Xv A`nImay NcybmsW¶v Camw \hhnbpsS {]kvXmh\ ChnsS hnkvacn¡p¶nÃ.
Nncn AarXamsW¶p ]dªhcpw AanXambpw A\nb{´nXambpw Nncn¸n¡p¶Xp \ntcm[n¨n«pv.
a\ximkv{XÚcpsS A`n{]mbw ImWpI :""DXvIWvTbpw DtZzKhpw sImv BsI ]ncnapdpIn
\n¡p¶ Bip]{Xnbnse A´co£¯n\v Bimkyamw hn[w Abhp hcp¯m³ Nncn¡p Ignbp¶p.
F¶p IcpXn Ae£yambpw A\mbmkambpw ssIImcyw sNt¿ H¶Ã Nncn {]tbmKw. aäp
NnInÕm coXnIÄ t]mse Xs¶ \ndª \njvIÀjbpw \nXm´ Pm{KXbpw BhiyapnXn\pw.
]cnNcW ]²Xnbnse hnes¸« Hcn\ambn Nncnsb AwKoIcn¨n«pÅ Øm]\§Ä hnZKv[cpsS
amÀ¤ \nÀt±ia\pkcn¨p am{Xta at\mcRvPIamb ]cn]mSnIÄ BhnjvIcn¡mdpÅq (a\imkv{Xw
amknI 1990 amˬv).
AanXambn Nncn¡m³ ]mSnsö
t]mse Nncn¸n¡m\pw ]mSnÃ. AanXambn Nncn¡p¶Xp A]ISIcamWv. Nnet¸mÄ acWw
kw`hns¨¶pw hcpw. "Idp' F¶ Nncn tcmKw aqew a\pjy³ acn¡p¶Xv AanX
NncnaqeamWv. \yq Kn\nbmbnse \ct`mPnIfmb hwiPcnemWv Cu tcmKw Iphcp¶Xv.
a\pjysâ amwkw, {]tXyIn¨v a\pjysâ Xet¨mdv Xn¶p¶Xp sImmWt{X Cu A\´ Nncn
DmIp¶Xv. FÃm {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw ktµiw \ÂIp¶Xp akvXnjvIamWtÃm. Bbncw tImSn \mUo
tImi§fpÅ akvXnjvIamIp¶ slÍm^okn \n¶p Xs¶bmWv NncnbpsSbpw satÊPv hcp¶Xv
(KthjW imebn \n¶v 101 AÛpX hmÀ¯IÄ 41, 50).
Xami¡p thn aäpÅhcpsS km[\§Ä
FSps¯mfn¸n¨p hbv¡p¶ k{¼Zmbapv. CXp AhÀ¡p at\mhnjaw krjvSn¡psa¶Xp
sImv D]{ZhIcamb Xamibn s]Sp¶p. AXp sImv CXp ldmamWv. C¯cw XamiIÄ
\_n (kz) ITn\ambn \ntcm[n¨n«pv. asämcmfpsS km[\w Imcy¯nseSp¯m AXp
tamjWamIpw. Xamis¡Sp¯m am\knI ]oV\hpw. cpw sXämWv. IpäamWv. {]hmNIcpsS
{]kvXmh\ ImWpI: ""\n§fn Hcmfpw Xsâ ktlmZcsâ Nc¡v Xamibmtbm Imcyamtbm
FSp¡cpXv. Bsc¦nepw Xsâ ktlmZcsâ hSn FSp¯m AXv Ah\p Xncn¨p \evIs«'' (A_qZmhqZv
503). ""\_nbpsS kzlm_namÀ \_n (kz) tbmsSm¸w Hcn¡Â bm{XsNbvXp sImncns¡
AhcnsemcmÄ Dd§nt¸mbn. At¸mÄ asämcmÄ AbmfpsS ASp¯v t]mbn
AbmtfmsSm¸apmbncp¶ Hcp IbÀ Hfn¸n¨p sh¨p. (DWÀ¶t¸mÄ AXp ImWmsX) AbmÄ `bmi¦bnembn.
At¸mÄ \_n (kz) ]dªp: Hcp apkvenapw asämcp apkvenans\ `bs¸Sp¯m³ ]mSnÃ''
(A_qZmhqZv 504).
lnPvdx A©mw hÀjw i{Xp k©b§Ä
kwLSn¨p apkvenwIfpsS GI tI{µambncp¶ aZo\sb B{Ian¡m³ Hcp§nb hnhcw \_n (kz)
¡v e`n¨p. i{Xphns\ {]Xntcm[n¡m³ aZo\bpsS {]thi\ amÀK§fn h³InS§pIÄ
Ipgn¡m³ AhnS¶v BÚ \ÂIn. InS§p \nÀamW¯n kzlm_namÀ hym]rXcmbn. sskZp_n³
km_nXv (d) a®p \o¡w sN¿pIbmWv. Xncpta\n Ip {]iwkn¨p: "\à sNdp¸¡mc³'.
tPmen¡nSbn (£oWm[nIy¯mÂ) Dd¡w h¶p, sskZv (d) InS§n Xs¶ InS¶pd§n.
Dd¡¯n \n¶pWÀ¶t¸mÄ Xsâ Bbp[w ImWm\nÃ. At±lw `bmi¦bnembn. CXpIp \_n (kz)
]dªp: Bbp[w \jvSs¸Spthmfw Dd§nbtÃm. ]n¶oSv CbmfpsS B bp[s¯¡pdn¨v
BÀs¡¦nepw Adnbmtam? F¶v \_n (kz) tNmZn¨p. Damd:(d) F¶ kzlm_n DSs\ ]dªp:
F\n¡dnbmw, AXv Fsâ ASp¯pv. At±lw Xami¡v thn FSp¯v Hfn¸n¨p h¨Xmbncp¶p.
At¸mÄ Xncpta\n(kz) AXv DSs\ Xncn¨p sImSp¡m³ IÂ]n¡pIbpw Hcp apkvenw
ktlmZcsâbpw km[\w Xami¡v FSp¯v Hfn¸n¨v h¨v Ahs\ `bs¸Sp¯cpsX¶v
BÚm]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Cu ASnØm\¯nemWv \½psS ]WvVnX·mÀ asäcmfpsS km[\w
AbmfdnbmsX FSp¡p¶Xv ldmamsW¶p ]dªn«pffXv (kod: le_n¿: 2/313).
Npcp¡¯n Xami, ]cnanXambncn¡Ww,
\ncp]{ZhIcambncn¡Ww, kXym[njvTnXambncn¡Ww, kZpt±iy]cambncn¡pIbpw thWw.
CXmWv {]hmNIcpsS amXrI. |