]cZqjWw
ktlmZcsâ arXicoc¯nse amwkw `£n¡p¶Xnt\mSmWv ]cnip² JpÀB\nepw \_nhN\§fnepw
D]an¡s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. A§s\ D]an¨Xn Nne clky§Ä A´Àeo\ambn¡nS¡p¶pv. (1) \camwk
t`mP\w aXZrjvSym \njn²ambXv Ahsâ ]cnip²Xbpw BZcWobmhØbpw l\n¡s¸ScpsX¶
Dt±iyt¯mSp IqSnbmWv. {]kvXpX Dt±iy¯n\p hncp²amb kwKXnIÄ hninjym ]cZqjWw,
amwkt`mP\w t]mse Xs¶bmsW¶p ta ASnØm\¯n Nn´n¡pt¼mÄ \ap¡v a\Ênem¡m³
Ignbp¶XmWv. (2) t]mÀ¡f¯n sh¨p kacw \S¯ns¡mncn¡p¶ at²y i{Xphnsâ Poh\pÅ
icoc¯n \n¶p amwkw ISn¨pXn¶Â arKobhpw ss]imNnIhpamb Hcp
ZpÀhr¯nbmsW¦n¡qSn [ocXbpsS Hcp {]IS\ambn AXv IW¡m¡s¸Sm³ hgnbpv.
F¶m bp²¡f¯n acn¨phoW
i{Xphnsâ amwkw ISn¨pXn¶p¶Xv `ocpXzw am{Xambn«mWv KWn¡s¸SpI. C{]Imcw
Hcmsf apJ¯pt\m¡n A[nt£]n¡p¶Xv \oNhpw \njn²hpamsW¦nÂIqSn [ocXbpsS Hcp
t\cnb Omb AXn ZriyamIp¶pv. t\sc adn¨p Ahsâ A`mh¯n A[nt£]w \S¯nbmÂ
AXv `ocpXzambn«v am{Xta KWn¡m³ \nhr¯nbpÅq.
(3) a\pjy\v Xsâ ktlmZct\mSpÅ
kvt\lm[nIy¯m Ahsâ arXicoc¯nsâ t\scbpÅ ZÀi\w Xs¶ Aklyamb at\mthZ\bpw
hnImchpapm¡n¯oÀ¡p¶p. A§s\bpÅ icocs¯ Bsc¦nepw \njvIcpWamw hn[w ISn¨p
Xn¶m³ Xp\nbpIbmsW¦n AXv lrZbImTn\y¯nsâbpw Im«mfXz¯nsâbpw {]Xy£Nnlv\ambn
am{Xta hnNmcn¡m³ \nÀhmlapÅq. (4) Poh³ c£n¡m³ aäp amÀKsam¶panÃmsX
At§bäw hnjan¡pt¼mÄ ihw apXemb \njn² hkvXp¡Ä `£n¡p¶Xv Ckvemw A\phZn¡p¶p.
]cnip² JpÀB³ ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI:
""ihhpw càhpw ]¶n amwkhpw AÃmlp AÃm¯hcpsS \maw D¨cn¨psImv Adp¡s¸«Xpw
am{XamWv Ah³ (AÃmlp) hntcm[n¨n«pÅXv. F¶m hÃh\pw (Poh³ c£nt¡Xn\p B
\njn² hkvXp¡Ä `£n¡phm³) \nÀ_ÔnXcmbn¯oÀ¶m Ah `£n¡p¶Xn\v hntcm[anÃ. F¶mÂ
Ah³ B{IaW¯n\v ]pds¸«ht\m Pohs\ c£n¡m\mhiyamb ]cn[n ewLn¨ht\m BIcpXv (kqdx
AÂ_Jd 173).
F¶m C§s\bpÅ L«¯n arK¯nsâ
ihw e`n¡psa¦n a\pjysâ ihw Dt]£nt¡XmWv. C§s\ Nne {]tXyI L«§fn Ko_¯v
]dbp¶Xpw aXZrjvSym A\phZn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. At¸mgpw ]ckyamb Ko_¯n \ns¶mgnªv
BwKyw sImtm kqN\ sImtm Imcyw \nÀÆln¡m³ kuIcys¸Sp¶ ]£w A§s\ sN¿Ww.
a\pjy³ Cu temI¯v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ {]hr¯nIfpw AXn\v ]ctemI¯v sh¨p e`n¡p¶ {]Xn^e§fpw
X½n hfscb[nIw kmayXbpmIp¶XmWv.
Cu temI¯psh¨v A\ycpsS amwkw
`£n¡p¶h³ (Ko_¯v ]dbp¶h³) \cI¯n kzicoc¯nse amwkw ]nSn¨p]dn¨p Xn¶p¶h\mbn¡psh¶v
\_n (kz) ]dªXmbn {]kvXmhn¨Xv Cu kwKXn hniZam¡n¯cp¶pv. Ko_¯v ]dbp¶
BfpIÄ aäpÅhcpsS \yq\XIÄ P\a²y¯n {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xpt]mse Xs¶ Ahsâ {]hÀ¯\¯nsâ
ZpÀKÔhpw kÀÆ{X hym]n¡pIbpw XZzmcm P\§Ä Ahs\ Adt¸mSpw shdpt¸mSpw IqSn
ho£n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.
iànbmsbmcp ZpÀKÔw A\p`hs¸hs¸«t¸mÄ
AXv Ko_¯v ]dbp¶hcpsS ZpÀKÔamsW¶v \_n (kz) ]dªXmbn hnhcn¨ lZokv Cu
kwKXnsbbmWv kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. alm\mb Camw KÊmen (d) "Ko_¯nsâ kmchpw \nÀhN\hpw'
F¶ ioÀjI¯n C§s\ FgpXp¶p: HcmfpsS icocw, hwiw, kz`mhw, {]hr¯n, hm¡v,
aXm\pjvTm\w, sFlnI PohnXw, F¶pth hkv{Xw, `h\w, arKw F¶n§s\ Ah\pambn _Ôs¸Sp¶
GsX¦nepw hnjb¯n Ah³ Adnªm shdp¡p¶ hn[¯nepÅ kwkmc¯n\mWv Ko_s¯¶v ]dbp¶Xv.
tIm¦®³, Ijn¯e¡mc³, Ipų,
s]m¡apÅh³, Idp¯h³, aª hÀWapÅh³, F¶n§s\bpÅ hm¡pIsfÃmw icockw_Ôamb
Ko_¯n DÄs¸Sp¶p. HcmfpsS ]nXmhns\ kw_Ôn¨v ZpÀhr¯³, \oN³, sNcn¸p Ip¯n,
Xq¸pthe¡mc³ F¶n§s\ ]db Ahsâ (]p{Xsâ) hwi]cambn Ko_¯v ]dbemWv.
Zpkz`mhn, ep_v[³, Alw`mhn,
P\§sf ImWn¡m\mbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶h³, ITn\ambn tIm]n¡p¶h³, `ocp, sImÅcpXm¯h³,
ZpÀ_elrZb³, [n¡mcn C§s\bpÅ hm¡pIÄ kz`mh]cambn Ko_¯mWv. tamjWw \S¯p¶h³,
hymPw ]dbp¶h³, aZy]m\n, h©I³, A{Ian, \nkvImc¯n {i²bnÃm¯h³, kImXnÂ
DZmko\X ImWn¡p¶h³, amXm]nXm¡tfmSv A\pkcWbnÃm¯h³, kImXv AØm\¯v
Zpcp]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶h³, kImXv hnXcWw sN¿m³ Adnbm¯h³, t\m¼nsâ ]cnip²X Im¯pc£n¡m¯h³,
]cZqjWw ]dbp¶h³, P\§fpsS am\w l\n¡p¶h³ F¶n§s\bpÅ hm¡pIfmWv aX\njvT
kw_Ôn¨pÅ Ko_¯nsâ DZmlcWw.
acymZ sI«h³, BfpIÄ¡v hne
I¸n¡m¯h³, aäpÅhtcmSv bmsXmcp _m[yXbpw ImWm¯h³, aäpÅhÀs¡Ãmw Xsâ t\sc
IS¸mSps¶v hnNmcn¡p¶h³, [mcmfambn kwkmcn¡p¶h³, A[nIw Dd§p¶h³,
Akab¯pd§p¶h³, AØm\¯ncn¡p¶h³, A[nIw `£n¡p¶h³ F¶o {]ImcapÅ hm¡pIsfÃmw
Xs¶ sFlnI PohnX]cambpÅ Ko_¯nsâ ]cn[nbnepÄs¸«XmWv. Ip¸mbss¡ \ofapÅh³,
hkv{Xw Agp¡v ]pc³, XpWn¯e \oh³ F¶n§s\bpÅsXÃmw hkv{Xkw_Ôamb
Ko_¯pIfmWv.
aX\njvT kw_Ôambn¸dbp¶ hm¡pIÄ
Ko_¯n DÄs¸SpIbnsöpw AXv AÃmlp Bt£]n¨Xns\ Bt£]n¨p ]dbemsW¶pw Nne ]WvVnX·mÀ¡`n{]mbapv.
AXns\ AhÀ \ymboIcn¡p¶Xv C{]ImcamWv. Hcp kv{Xo hfscb[nIw {hXa\pjvTn¡pIbpw
aäp k¡Àa§Ä {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ]t£, AhÄ AbÂhmknIsf D]{Zhn¡p¶
hn[¯nepÅ hm¡pIÄ ]dbp¶pv. F¶n§s\ HcmÄ \_n (kz) tbmSv ]dªp. AhÄ \cI¯nte¡msW¶v
\_n (kz) adp]Sn \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp (lmInw, C_v\plnºm³). asämcp kv{Xo
ep_v[bmsW¶v \_n (kz) bpsS ap¼msI Bt£]n¡s¸«t¸mÄ "]ns¶ Ahfn F´p \·bmWpÅsX'¶v
AhnSp¶v ]dªp (Aameo C_v\piwDu³, aImcnap AJvemJv en JdmCXzn).
F¶m {]kvXpX ]WvVnX·mcpsS
A`n{]mbw kzoImcyaÃ. ta lZokpIfn hnhcn¡s¸« cp kw`h§fpw Hcp hyànsb
A[nt£]n¡pIsb¶pÅ Dt±iyt¯msS ]dª Ko_¯n s]«XÃ. t\scadn¨v Hcp {]tXyI
hyànsb kw_Ôn¨pÅ aXhn[n At\zjn¡p¶ C\¯nÂs¸«XmWv (Clvbm Deqan±o³, hmfyw
3, t]Pv 133þ134).
Ko_¯v ]db ldmambXpt]mse Xs¶
AXv {i²n¨p tIÄ¡epw ldmamWv. C_v\pDaÀ (d) C§s\ ]dbp¶p: Ko_¯v ]dbp¶Xpw
AXv k{i²w {ihn¡p¶Xpw \_n (kz) hntcm[n¨ncn¡p¶p (Xz_vdm\n). Hcp
kZÊnÂsh¨v Bsc¦nepw Ko_¯v ]dbp¶XptI«m D]tZiw hgn AXv XSb \nÀ_ÔamWv.
D]tZiw
^es¸Sp¶nsæn _e{]tbmKw \S¯Ww. (]t£, AXv A\mimky kw`h§Ä¡nShcp¯p¶Xv
kq£nt¡XmWv) AXv ^es¸Sm¯ ]£w a\ÊpsImv shdp¡pIbpw B kZÊn \n¶v
Cd§nt¸m¡v \S¯pIbpw thWw.
\_n (kz) ]dbp¶p:
"Hcp apkvenan\v am\lm\n hcp¯p¶Xv Bsc¦nepw XSªm ]p\cp°m\Znhkw Ahsâ
apJw (icocw) \cImánbn \n¶v AÃmlp XSbpw' (XnÀapZn).
\_n (kz) Hcn¡Â
\nkvImc¯n\mbn \n¶p. amenIp_v\p ZpJvipw FhnsSsb¶v AhnsSsh¨v NneÀ
tNmZn¨p. "Ah³ AÃmlphns\bpw dkqens\bpw kvt\ln¡m¯ ap\m^nJm'sW¶v HcmÄ
]dªp. CXptI«t¸mÄ \_n (kz) ]dªp: \o A§s\ ]dbcpXv. Ah³ BßmÀYambn
"IenaXpXuloZv' D¨cn¨Xv \o AdnªntÃ' (_Jmcn, apkvenw).
\_n (kz) ]dbp¶p:
Hcp kXyhnizmknsb Hcp I]Shnizmknbn \n¶v Bsc¦nepw c£n¨m Jnbma¯v Znhkw
Ahsâ amwkw \cImánbn \n¶p c£n¡p¶ Hcp aeIns\ AÃmlp \nÝbn¡pw. Hcp
apkvenans\ Ahtlfn¡m\pt±in¨p sImv Ahsâ t]cn hà Ipämtcm]Whpw sNbvXmÂ
Ah³ ]dª hm¡nsâ Ipä¯Nâ \n¶pw hnapà\mIp¶Xphsc \cI¯nsâ ]me¯nt·Â AÃmlp
Ahs\ \nÀ¯pw (A_qZmhqZv).
Camw Jpssicn (d)
Xsâ cnkme F¶ {KÙ¯n C§s\ FgpXp¶p: "kp{]kn² kq^nhcy\mb ssiJv
C_vdmloap_v\p Azvlw d) Hcp k¡mc¯n ]s¦Sp¯p. B kZÊn sh¨p HcmÄ AhnsS
lmPcnÃm¯ asämcmsf A[nt£]n¨p kwkmcn¨p. At¸mÄ ssiJv (d) C§s\ ]dªp. Ko_¯v
]dbp¶ Cu kZÊn lmPcmbXv Fsâ ]¡Â \n¶p h¶ sXämbnt¸mbn.
CXpw ]dªpsImv ssiJv kZÊnÂ
\n¶nd§n \S¶p.
Hcp Ad_n IhnXbpsS kmcw ChnsS
tNÀ¡mw: (1) No¯ hm¡p ]dbp¶Xn \n¶v \nsâ \mhns\ kq£n¡pw t]mse Xs¶ No¯
kwkmcw tIÄ¡p¶XnÂ\ n¶p \nsâ sNInSns\bpw kq£n¡pI. (2) \o No¯ hm¡v
tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ AXv ]dbp¶ BfpsS Ipä¯n ]¦pImc\mbn¯ocp¶p.
|