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A\pcmK¯nsâ Bßmhv hln¡p¶ hcnIÄ¡v NmeIiànbp¬Svv. AXv Xncp\_n kvt\l¯ntâXmbm AhmPyamb A\p`h ]ÀÆambn AXv Dbcp¶p. Bßmhn XoÀ¯ kvt\ltKm]pc¯n cmÚnbmbn hmgp¶ kvt\l ]m{Xs¯ hÀ®n¡m³ XpS§nbm GXp `mjbpw AXnsâ ap¼n ]cmPbs¸Sp¶p. `mjIfpsS iàn¡¸pdt¯¡v AXv {]hln¡p¶ PzmeIÄ kam\ Nn´mKXn¡mscbpw A\phmNIscbpw {]a¯cm¡pIbpw IhnbpsS Bßmhnte¡v tNÀ¶p\n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Cu Bß`mh§sfbpw A\pcmK Xe§sfbpw Bhmln¡p¶ c¬Sv A\p{KloX Imhy§fmWv "AÃ^ Aen^pw kzàCemlphpw'. Cu c¬S v IhnXIfpw \ap¡v \ÂIp¶ A\pcmK iIe§fn \n¶pw AÂ]w ]IcpIbmWnhnsS .
AÃ^Â Aen^v
Xangv\m«nse Xncp\Âthenbn Xm{a]ÀWn \ZoXocs¯ Ncn{Xhn{ipXamb ImbÂ]«W¯v lnPvd 1153 P\n¨ DaÀ henbpÃmln(d)hnsâ cN\bmWnXv. aXhnÚm\¯nsâ tIkcnIÄ Xmakn¨ncp¶ \mSmWv ImbÂ]«Ww. aJvZqapamÀ, tIcf¯nse¯p¶Xn\v ap¼v ImbÂ]«W¯v Xmakn¨ncp¶Xmbn Ncn{Xw ]dbp¶p .
]nXmhv ssiJv A_vZp JmZnÀ F¶hcn \n¶v {]mYanI hnÚm\w IcØam¡nb IYm]pcpj³, k¿nZv apl½Zv aue _pJmcn AS¡apÅ D¶Xcn \n¶pw D]cn]T\w \S¯pIbpw ]WvUnX tIkcnIfn Hcmfmbn amdpIbpw sNbvXp. IÀ½imkv{X¯n AhKmlw t\SpIbpw JmZncn¿: cn^mC¿: XpS§nb Bßob hgnIfn {]thin¡pIbpw sNbvXp. lÖv DwdIÄ¡mbn a¡bn F¯nb DaÀ henbpÃmln(d) dufm kµÀi\¯n\p tijw aZo\bn Xs¶ Xmakn¨p. AÊ¿nZv AÃmam apl½Zv aplvkn³ A lpss_Jn(d) F¶nhcn \n¶pw Úm\w \pIcpIbpw B²ymßnI shfn¨w ]IÀs¶Sp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]T\m\´cw aZo\bn Xs¶ aXm[ym]\ hr¯nbnteÀs¸«p. A©p hÀjs¯ A²ymb\ hr¯n¡v tijw Kpcphnsâ A\paXn {]Imcw \m«nte¡v aS§m³ Hcp§n. aZo\bn \n¶pÅ aS¡ bm{XmthfbnemWv kzàCemlp t{ImUoIcn¨Xv F¶mWv {]apJ `mjyw. hncl Zp:J¯nsâ ImhymhnjvImcambn Cu {]IoÀ¯\ Imhyw ]cnKWn¡s¸Sp¶p .
tIheamb A\pcmK¯n \n¶v am{Xaà kzàCemlp hncnbp¶Xv. B²ymßnIXbpsS A´Àeb§fpw t{]a`mP\t¯mSpÅ Bß kwthZ\§fpw Bß\nÊmcXbpsS hnlzeXIfpw Cg tNÀ¶mWv Cu IhnX {]hln¡p¶Xv. Ad_n A£c amebnse FÃm A£c§Ä sIm¬Spw XpS§n `mjm kmIey¯nsâ ]cn[nIÄ¡pa¸pdt¯¡v Xncp\_nbpsS {]]©s¯ hnIkn¸n¡pIbmWv Ihn sN¿p¶Xv. `mj, Bib {]Imi\¯nsâ D]m[nbmsW¦nepw `mj¡v Bhmln¡m\mIm¯ Hcp Bßmhns\bmWv Cu IhnX {]Imi\w sN¿p¶Xv. A£c t{ImUoIcW¯neqsS sshZKvZy¯nsâ {]Imiaà kzàCemlphn \n¶v \mw ImWp¶Xv. BßmhnepS¡nb A\pcmK¯n\v shfn¨w ]Icm³ `mjbpw BZym´w (A to Z) Ahew_n¨n«pw aXnbmIp¶nsö \nÊlmbXbmWv ChnsS hmbnt¡¬SXv. B \nÊlmbXbpsS BhnjvImcamWv BZym£camb Aen^n tImÀ¯ CucSn \t½mSp ]dbp¶Xv .
Xncp\_n IoÀ¯\sagpXm³ Rm³ Aià\mWv. \½psS `mjbpw AiàamWv F¶ Bßob `mh¯n \n¶mWv AÃ^ Aen^p (Aen^v cNn¨p) F¶ XpS¡w cq]s¸Sp¶Xv. `mjbn ]cnanXs¸SpItbm temI Ime§Ä¡v ASnas¸SpItbm sN¿m¯ kÀÆm[n]Xnbmb AÃmlphns\bmIWw Cu "Aen^v' {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶Xv. AÃmlp Fs¶gpXpt¼mÄ BZym£camWtÃm "Aen^v'. AXnsâ hniZmwiw F¶ t]mse A_q_¡dp _mKvZmZn AImc¯n XpS§nb Xncp IoÀ¯\w C§s\bmWv kaÀ¸n¨Xv. (AJnÃmb.....) AÃmlphnsâ {]IoÀ¯\w A\p`hn¨ Xncp\_nbpsS A]Zm\w BÀ¡mWv ¢n]vXs¸Sp¯m\mIpI .
\nÊlmbXtbmsS, a\w hne]n¡pt¼mÄ Dcp¬Sp IqSp¶ Bß hnNmc§fmWv XpSÀ¶v IhnXbmbn s]bvXnd§nbXv. Xncp\_nsb Ipdn¨pÅ GXv hn[ hnNmc§fpw BXy´nIambn AÃmlphnte¡mWv A\pcmKnsb tNÀ¡p¶Xv. AÃmlphnsâ ZqX³ F¶ Nn´, ZuXyta¸n¨ \mY\nte¡pÅ hgnbmWv. Xncp\_n(kz)bpsS kuµcy¯n AÛpXs¸«p \n¡p¶h³ AXv kwhn[m\n¨ \mY\nte¡v {]bmWw \S¯p¶p. ASp¯pIqSp¶ A\pbmbn Akm[mcWXz§fpw AXn]qÀWXbpw ZÀin¨v AÃmlphns\ AdnbpIbpw AhÀ AÃmlphn Xr]vXns¸«p AX|¶X ]Zhnbnte¡v DbcpIbpw sN¿p¶p. sshcmKyt¯msS hmsfSp¯hÀ AhnthIadnªv ]n´ncnbpItbm AÛpX§Ä ZÀin¨v Bß kwkvIcWw kn²n¡pItbm sN¿p¶p. AXpw e`n¡msX B{IaWw XpSÀ¶hÀ {]hmNIsc A{Ian¨Xnsâ {]XnImcambn AÃmlp \ÂInb in£bpsS ImTn\y¯n AÃmhplns\ Adnbp¶p (XºXv bZm A_oel_v HmÀ¡pI). C§s\ Xncp\_nbpsS AcnIp tNÀ¶ Nn´Ifpw {]]© \mY\nte¡pÅ amÀ¤ZÀi\§fmWv. "_jod³' F¶ kphntijhpw "\Zod³' F¶ Xm¡oXpw AÃmlphn \n¶v Xs¶bmWv .
Cu Bib Xes¯ AXnat\mlcambn ImhyhXvIcn¡m³ Camw Al½Zv cnfm (d)hn\v Ignªp. AhnSp¶p XoÀ¯ Hcp hcnbpsS Bibw C§s\bmWv. Xncp\_n (kz)bpsS "emw' cq]¯nepÅ ]pcnIw Im AÛpXs¸«v HcmÄ "Blv' F¶p ]dªm a\Ên cq]s¸« B "emw", "Blv' F¶o Bib§Ä¡nSbn InS¶v AÃmlv, Cemlv F¶ Nn´ k½m\n¡p¶XmWv .
Cu hn[amWv Aen^nsâ BteJ\w BtemNn¡p¶ DaÀ henbpÃmln(d) "AlvaZp" F¶ ASp¯ hcnbnte¡v F¯nt¨cp¶Xv. kvt\l ]m{Xambn Xncp\_n(kz)sb {]IoÀ¯n¡p¶Xnse \nÊlmbXs¡m¸w cq]s¸Sp¶ Cemlot_m[w t]msebmWv Al½ZpÃm.. F¶ hcnbnte¡v {]thin¡p¶Xv F¶À°w. A\pcmK¯nsâ ImhyXÃPsamcp¡m³ Hcp§pt¼mÄ AXnsâ kmlknIXbmWv BZyw t_m[yw h¶Xv. tijw AXnsâ ssh]peyamWv Ihn Xncn¨dnªXv. C¶p hsc A]Zm\§Ä cNn¡pIbpw ckn¡pIbpw sNbvXhÀ AhcpsS AtbmKyX k½Xn¨pw \nÊlmbX Xncn¨dnªpw ]n´ncnbm³ am{Xta AhcpsS IoÀ¯\ Imhy§Äçpw {]`mjW§Äçpw Ignªn«pÅq F¶mWv Ihn XpScp¶Xv. "_meK ap±mlp' F¶ hcn Cu [z\nbmWv \ap¡v ssIamdp¶Xv. ISens\ ssIshÅbn HXp¡m³ Ignbptam? AXpt]mse \_n IoÀ¯\s¯ samgntªm, hct¨m XoÀ¡m\mhnà F¶ Xncn¨dnhmWnhnsS Camw _qkzqcn (d)hpw ]IÀ¶p X¶Xv .
A\p{KloXamb aZo\bn \n¶v Xncpta\nsb kao]n¡pt¼mÄ DbÀ¶p s]m§nb hnImcamWv XpSÀ¶p ]dbp¶Xv. BßZm\]camb A\pcmK¯nsâ lrZb X{´nIÄ B aW ]c¸n InS¶v Ipgªp adnªp. Xncpkm¶n²y¯nsâ shfn¨w \nibn \nemhp ]IÀ¶p. A´cwK¯p \n¶pw ]Xªp s]m§nb t{]aPzcIÄ \nÀ½eamb Hcp Acphn t]mse IhnÄ XS§sf \\¨p. lrZb Xe§sf IgpIn shSn¸m¡n ]\n\oÀ IpSªXp t]mse Hcp Xmcfy¯nsâ km¶n[yw AXv Adnbn¨p. {]]©¯n\msI kvt\lw ]IÀ¶ kvt\l`mP\s¯ efnXhpw CSp§nbXpamb Hcp lrZb¯nte¡v Ibänbncp¯p¶Xnsâ Bbmkw, AXpbÀ¯p¶ AÀ°KÀ`amb sshImcnI kwthZ\§Ä, AXym{Klnbmb a\Ênsâ {]Wb \n_²amb BenwK\§Ä CsXÃmw {]Imi\w sN¿m\pÅ ]Zhpw [z\nbpamWv "Xml JÂ_n' F¶p XpS§nb \memw hcn {]ISn¸n¡p¶Xv .
ImapInsb A\pkvacn¡pt¼mÄ, Ahfpambn ]¦psh¨ a[pcm\p`h§Ä A\pkvacn¡pI kzm`mhnIamWv. F¶m {]hmNIm\pcmKnIÄ AhchcpsS hn\bhpw emfnXyhpw ImgvN sh¨ tijw Xncp\_nbpsS Bß an{Xhpambn Xncp\_n(kz) kÔn¡p¶ \nanj§sfbmWv Abhnd¡p¶Xv. ImapIn¡v Bß kuc`yw e`n¨ cwKw, Cu \nebnemIWw \_n IoÀ¯\w HmÀ¡p¶hscÃmw anAvdmPns\ ]cmaÀin¡p¶Xv. Xncp\_n(kz) Hcn¡Â HmÀas¸Sp¯n, "Rm³ \n§fn \n¶v Hcmß an{Xs¯(JeoÂ) kzoIcn¡p¶psh¦n AXv A_q_¡dns\bmIpambncp¶p. F¶m Rm³ AÃmlphnsâ Bßan{XamWv(JeoemWv)'. A\pcmK¯nsâ ]caImjvTbn asämcmsf Ccp¯m³ ]äm¯ hn[w AhnsS AÃmlphmWv DÅXv. {]XypX anAvdmPv, A\pcmK km^ey¯nsâ a[pc kvarXnbmWv. Cu a[pc kvacWbnte¡mWv Ihn XpSÀ¶v IS¡p¶Xv .
Xncp\_n(kz)bpsS DWÀhv, Xncp\_nkvt\l¯nsâ Bßmhv, kulrZ¯nse ss\Àaeyw, Bßmhnsâ hnebw, B²ymßnIXbpsS iàn, \_n IpSpw_¯nsâ ip²n, Kpcp\mY·mÀ, aZo\m kµÀi\hpw \nhmkhpw, \_n amÀ¤hpw Bßob [mcbpw, icoc¯nsâ Zo]inJ, ]cnXymKw, hn[n hnizmkw, Bß NnInÕbpw Bßob ZÀi\hpw, \ngenÃm¯ \_nbpw \_n ZÀi\¯nsâ \ngepw, Bß kmbqPy¯nsâ AIs¸mcpÄ, Xncp\_nbnse klmb lkvXw, \_nbpw {]]©hpw, Cemlo kmao]yhpw kaql kpc£bpw, A\pcmK¯nsâ BImiw, A\p{Kl¯nsâ A£b \n[n, GIXz¯nte¡pÅ hnebw, BImc`wKnbpw BNmc \·bpw, kvt\l k¶n[nbnse kmbqPyw, XJvhbpsS \_n`mhw, hnip² hmNI§Ä, ip`m´yw. F¶n§s\ \_ho IoÀ¯\§fpsSbpw kzq^n [mcbpsSbpw Cg tNÀ¶pÅ Hgp¡mWv Cu IhnXbpsS kuµcyw. \_n kvt\l¯nsâ koasb hnkvXrXam¡n aZo\bnte¡pw H¸w AhnSps¯ Zn\cm{X§fnte¡pw hsc F¯n¡m³ Cu IhnX¡v amkvacnIXbp¬Sv. Hcp Bßob Kpcphnsâ sshÚm\nI NjIhpw, {]hmNIm\pcmKnbpsS lrZb am[pcyhpw Hcpan¨v k½m\n¡p¶ Cu IhnXsb A\phmNI temIw kvt\lmZc§tfmsSbmWv Gäp hm§nbXv. ap¸s¯m¶v hcnIÄ am{XapÅ Cu sNdpImhy¯nsâ AÀY hnkvXrXhpw kvt\l kzchpw tNÀ¶ Hmtcm hcnIfpw AKm[amb hniZmwi§fnte¡pw XXz ZÀi\§fnte¡papÅ PmeIamWv. `mjm \n]pWX¡¸pdw kvt\l¯nsâ cpNnbpw B²ymßnI km[\IfpsS kmc§fpw Adnbp¶hÀt¡ CXns\ hniZoIcn¡m³ Ignbq. ]c¸\§mSn Ahpt¡mb apkvenbmÀ, bqkp^p ^fv^cn, s\Ãn¡p¯v Ben apkvenbmÀ, A_vZpÀdlvam³ \Jvi_µn, Xncqc§mSn Aenlk³ apkvenbmÀ, sI Sn C_vdmlow apkvenbmÀ, Ipªl½Zv auehn ]gb§mSn (GhcpsSbpw ta AÃmlphnsâ ImcpWyw hÀjn¡pamdmIs«) F¶n§s\ Gtgmfw {]KÛcmb ]ÞnX·mÀ CXn\v hymJym\w FgpXnbn«pv. A¯cw hymJym\§sfbpw Bßob Xe§sfbpw DÄsImÅn¨v, BßobXsb ASp¯dnª Fgp¯pImc\pw Ihnbpamb kn. lwk aebmf¯n anIs¨mcp hymJym\hpw \nÀan¨n«p¬Sv .
kzÃÂ Cemlv
aZo\bn \n¶v ]ncnbpt¼mÄ DXnÀ¶ kvt\l Imhyambncp¶p AÃ^ Aen^v. F¶m aZo\bnte¡v F¯nt¨À¶t¸mÄ In\nª Xncpkvt\l¯nsâ A©p hoXw NnÃIfpÅ "kzàCemlv' F¶ IhnX, "A JkzoZ¯p Dacn¿' F¶p IqSn t]cpÅ Cu Imhyw, lnPvd 1177 P\n¨v 1273 h^m¯mb shfnbt¦mSv DaÀJmkn(d)hnsâXmWv. alm\mb ]ÞnX³, IÀaimkv{X hnjmcZ³, BßÚm\n, aXImcy§fn hn[n ]dbp¶ Jmkn, tZikvt\lnbmb kzmX{´y kac tk\m\n XpS§n _lpapJ KpW§fpsS kt½f\amWv DaÀ Jmkn(d). hyànXz¯nsâ FÃm Xe§tf¡mfpw B almßmhn Pzen¨p \n¶Xv {]hmNIm\pcmKn F¶ hnemkambncp¶p .
lnPvd 1209  lÖv IÀ½¯n\v t]mbt¸mÄ \S¯nb aZo\m kµÀi\ thfbnemWv Cu IhnX cq]s¸Sp¶Xv. Xncp\_n khn[¯n \n¶v A\pcmK \n_nUamb lrZbw ImapIntbmSv kvt\lw ]¦p sh¡pIbmbncp¶p. AXn\nsS Xncpta\nbpsS {]IoÀ¯\§Ä a[pc at\mlcamb IhnXbmbn hgnsªmgpIn. "kzÃq Asseln h kÃnaq Xkveoam...' F¶ JpÀB\nI iIew Hmtcm JÞ¯nsâbpw Ahkm\ NnÃbmbn BhÀ¯n¨oWw ]IÀ¶p. \nÀ\ntajcmb kµÀiIcpw Ad_n Imhyam[pcyadnª Ad_nIfpw BZyw \ni_vZcmbn. At¸mtg¡pw Hmtcm hcnIfpw Ahsc IqSn IhÀ¶p. Ahkm\w "kzÃq Asseln' F¶ BhÀ¯\ JÞs¯ FÃmhcpw GäpsNmÃn. A\pcmK¯nsâ Bß kwthZ\§Ä AXnsâ D¯pwKXbnse¯n. A\pcmKnsb ]pWcm³ B{Kln¨t¸mtg¡pw dufbpsS IhmS§Ä bm{´nIambn Xpd¡s¸«p. CXmWv Cu IhnXbpsS ]Ým¯ew .
AÃ^ Aen^ns\ t]mse AXn\nKqVamb B²ymßnI kwÚIsfbpw Bib§sfbpw CSIeÀ¯p¶Xn\v apXncmsX Xncp\_n kvt\lsa¶ Hä {]tabs¯ kzmZnjvSambn tImÀ¯nW¡pIbmWnXn sNbvXn«pÅXv. A\pcmK ]m{Xamb Xncp\_n(kz)bpsS kz`mh KpWt¯bmWv BZyw ]n´pScp¶Xv. kz`mh KpW¯nsâ JpÀB\nI km£y§sf A\nXckm[mcWamb Imhy tijntbmsS IhnXbn tImÀ¯v "^ų Keoe³ ew bIp³ _ e¿n\³' F¶ {IaoIcWw AXnsâ \nZÀi\amWv .
KpWta·IfpsS kwKa {]`mhs¯ F§s\ {]Wbn¡p¶p F¶mWv XpSÀ¶v FgpXnbXv. aäpÅhcnte¡v tNÀ¡pt¼mgpÅ Nne \yq\XIÄ Xncp\_nbnte¡v tNcpt¼mÄ hcp¶ ]cn]qÀ®XbmWv AXn ]dªXv. "A\mYXz"hpw "\nc£cX"bpw s]mXpsh alXz§fÃ. F¶m A\mYXzw Cemln \n¶pÅ k\mYXz¯n\pw \nc£cX Cemln Úm\¯nsâ Nmcn{Xy¯n\papÅ {]IoÀ¯\§fmbmWv Xncp\_n(kz)bn \nesImÅp¶Xv. "Alv__v¯p D½n¿³' F¶p XpS§p¶ hcnIÄ Cu bmYmÀ°ys¯bmWv Bhmln¡p¶Xv .
XncpZqXcpsS BKa\t¯msS XtamKÀ¯§fn shfn¨w ]IÀ¶p, t\À amÀ¤¯nsâ Zo]w ]SÀ¶p. CkvemanI {]NmcW¯n D]m[nbmbn XoÀ¶Xv Xncpta\nbpsS hyàn]camb KpW amlmßy§fmbncp¶p. ImcpWy¯nsâ hÀjw B{inXcpw A\pNccpw ASp¯dnªp. ap³KmanIfmb {]hmNI·mÀ sXfnbn¨ ]mXsb ]cn]qÀWXbn F¯n¨p. XpS§nbpÅ amlmßy§sf Ihn Nn«bmbn {IaoIcn¡p¶p. FÃm hcnIfpsSbpw Ahkm\w bm{´nIambn "a'Imc¯n Xs¶ Ahkm\n¡p¶p. apl½Zv F¶ \ma¯nse BZym£cambn "a'Imcw at\mXe§fn DbÀ¯p¶ almßy¯nâbpw cq]s¸Sp¶ aeÀh\nbpsSbpw at\mlmcnXsb {]Xn\n[oIcn¡qIbmWo A´y{]mkw. \p_pÆXnsâ {]mbamb 40 F¶ A¡s¯bmWv Ad_n A£c§Ä¡v \ÂIp¶ \yqad amkv {]Imcw aow F¶ A£c¯n\pÅXv. XnIhnsâbpw ]IzXbpsSbpw {]Xn\n[m\amb 40 XpS§pt¼mÄ XpS¡w Xs¶ ]IzXtbmsSbmsW¶v kqNn¸n¡p¶p. Ckvemans\ ]qÀ¯oIcn¨psh¶v JpÀB\nI iIe§fm {]Jym]n¡pt¼mÄ "AÂbua AIva¯p, AIvawavXp' F¶o ]Z§fnse aImc¯nsâ hn\ymkw apl½Zv F¶ ]Z¯nse aImc¯nsâ LS\tbmSp Xs¶ Ipiew ]dbp¶p. C§s\ hymJym\ ]cXIÄ¡pw DÄkmc NÀ¨IÄ¡pw Gsd km[yXIÄ \ÂIp¶ ‘aow’ A´y {]mkambXv Imhy imkv{X {]Imchpw Ae¦mcambn Xs¶ \ne\n¡p¶p .
AÃ^ Aen^n kqNn¸n¨ t]mse, t{]a`mP\¯nsâ ip` aplqÀ¯amb anAvdmPns\bmWv apJyhnjbambn Ihn ]n´pScp¶Xv. tIhe kqN\¡¸pdw \nbXamb LS\bn anAvdmPnsâ Xe§sf A\phmNI\n A\p{Iaambn k¶nthin¸n¡pIbmWv DaÀ Jmkn(d) sN¿p¶Xv. hnXm\¯nse Hmtcm Xe§fnte¡pw Xncp\_n IS¶p t]mIp¶ cwKw F{X dnbmenänbneqsSbmWv ]IÀ¶n«pÅXv! (I_vss\\n h_v\ssX\n bPvcnbm\n) F¶v hymIcW Imhy¯n hmbn¡pt¼mÄ hnZymÀYnbpsS a\Ên ssItImÀ¯p ]nSn¨p c¬SmÄ \S¡p¶ Nn{Xw sXfnªXp t]msebmWv. CtX X·b¯t¯msSbmWv BImimtcmlWhpw XpSÀ¶pÅ kw`h hnImk§fpw Cu IhnXbn hncnbp¶Xv. Ncn{X¯nsâ Imhy {]Imi\sa¶Xnep]cn A\pcmKnbpsS kvt\l {]IS\amWo hcnIÄt]mepw DZn¸n¨v \ÂIp¶Xv. kvt\lw F¶ Bßmhns\ hln¡p¶ hcnIÄ¡v CuWtam Xmftam CÃmsX Xs¶ Cud\Wnbn¡m\pw lrZbw IogS¡m\pw Ignbp¶p. CuWhpw Xmfhpw IqSn H¯p tNÀ¶m AXp \ÂIp¶ Bßm\p`qXnbpsSbpw {]Imi\¯nsâbpw temI¯nsâ hnkvXrXn Af¡m\mInÃ. ChnsSbmWv kzàCemlp \nesImÅp¶Xv .
hninjvSmXnYn X¶ k½m\¯n kt´mjap¬sS¦nepw AYnXnbpsS km¶n[yhpw alXzhpamWv ap¶n«p \n¡p¶ {]tabw. {]XypX, AÃ^ Aen^pw, kzàCemlphpw hln¡p¶ Bßmhnsâbpw DbÀ¯p¶ km¶n[y¯nsâbpw XnIhn hyXymkanÃ. Xncpta\n(kz)sb¶ hniz {]tabs¯bmWv AhÀ D]mkn¨Xv. \½psS lrZb Xe§fnse hnNmc hnImc§Ä aZo\tbmSpw AhnSs¯ \mbItcmSpw F§s\ tNÀ¯p sh¡p¶p F¶Xnsâ {]Xn[zm\§fmWv Cu IhnXIÄ. lrZb hmWnbn \n¶v Xncp\_nbnte¡v HgpIp¶ a[pc KoX¯n\v Aac Xmf§Ä \ne\nÀ¯m³ Ignbpsa¶mWv c¬Snsâbpw XXzw .
Bß`mP\t¯mSpÅ lrZb kwthZ§sf hln¡m³ hm¡pIÄ¡pw hcnIÄ¡pw tijnbnsömWv c¬Sv IhnXIfpw \ÂIp¶ ZÀi\w. (kzàCemlphnse Bßm´c§sf efnXambn hymJym\n¨ Hcp cN\ "DadpÂJmknbpsS Imhykp[' F¶ t]cn ap¼v {]IminXambn«p¬Sv). Cu ZmÀi\nI kuµcys¯ ASp¯dnªv \½psS a\Xe§Ä aZo\bnte¡v tNÀ¯p sh¡m³ Cu hcnIfpw Cu hk´hpw \nan¯ambm AhnsSbmWv Imehpw sNbvXnbpw km£mXvImcw t\Sp¶Xv (^nZmI bm dkqeÅmlv ...).
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