aplÀdw, AÃmlphnsâ amkw

{]]©¯nsâ {kjvSmhv AÃmlphmWv. `qanbpw BImihpw kqcy, N{µ, \£{XmZnIfpw a\pjy, arK, ]£n, aÕy, {]mWnIfmZn PohPme§fpw ktNX\hpw AtNX\hpamb apgph³ hkvXp¡fpw krjvSnIfnÂs]Sp¶p. Imehpw kabhpsaÃmw AÃmlp krjvSn¨h Xs¶. AÃmlphns\ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw ChsbÃmw Xsâ krjvSnsb¶ \ne¡v kaamsW¦nepw, krjvSnIfpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯ns¡m­v NneXn\v NneXnt\¡mÄ Øm\alnaIÄ Ah³ \ÂInbn«p­v. bpK§Ä X½n t]mepw ]ZhnbpsS Imcy¯n A´capÅXmbn \_n(kz) ]dbp¶p. ""D¯a Xeapd Fsâ Ime¡mcmWv. ]ns¶ AhtcmSv ASp¯hcpw tijw AhtcmSv XpSÀ¶p hcp¶hcpw'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw).

Xu_bpsS Zn\w

Aen(d) hnhcn¡p¶p: HcmÄ \_n(kz)bpsS AcnIn h¶v, dafzm\v tijw GXp amkamWv kp¶¯p t\m¼n\pth­n X§Ä F\n¡v \nÀt±in¡p¶sX¶v tNmZn¨t¸mÄ \_n(kz) adp]Sn ]dªp: ""aplÀdw amkw t\ms¼Sp¡q. AXv AÃmlphnsâ amkamWv. Hcp kaql¯nsâ ]Ým¯m]w kzoIcn¨p IgnªXpw asämcp kaql¯nsâ ]Ým¯m]w kzoIcn¡m\pÅXpamb Hcp Znhkw B amk¯nep­v'' (XnÀanZn). Hcp kaql¯nsâ ]Ým¯m]w kzoIcn¨Xpw asämcp kaql¯ntâXv kzoIcn¡m\ncn¡p¶Xpamb Znhkw BiqdmAv(aplÀdw ]¯v) BWv. B Znhkw DÄs¡mÅp¶ amkambXpsIm­mWv dafm³ Ignªm t\m¼n\v hntijs¸« amkw aplÀdamsW¶v \_n(kz) ]dªXv (lZokv hymJym\ {KÙamb Kmb¯p aAvaqÂ:2/88).

BiqdmCse {]tXyI IÀ½§Ä

{hXm\pjvTm\amWv BiqdmAv Zn\¯n {]tXyIw I¸n¡s¸« {]Ya Imcyw. AwÀ C_v\p Bkzn(d)bn \n¶v A_p aqkm AÂaZo\n(d) D²cn¨ lZokn \_n(kz) ]dbp¶p: ""BiqdmCsâ t\m¼v Hcp hÀjs¯ t\m¼n\v XpeyamWv'' (CÀimZv:76, APvhn_:50,51). BiqdmAv Zn\¯nse kzZJx, Hcp hÀjs¯ kzZJxIÄ¡p XpeyamsW¶pw taÂ]dª lZoknsâ Ahkm\ `mK¯p­v.

BiqdmAv Znhkw B{inXÀ¡v hnimeX sNbvXm Ah\v hÀjw apgph³ AÃmlp hnimeX sN¿psa¶ lZokv C_v\p A_vZn _Àdv(d), Xz_vdm\o(d), ss_lJo(d)bpsS ipA_p Cu am³, iÀhm\o:3/455, IpÀZo:2/199 XpS§nb [mcmfw {KÙ§fn tcJs¸Sp¯nbXmbn ImWmw.

BiqdmAv t\m¼v

Ncn{X{]kn²amb \nch[n kw`h§Ä¡v km£yw hln¨psh¶Xv aplÀdw ]¯nsâ khntijXbmWv. BZw \_n(A) apX apl½Zv \_n(kz) hscbpÅ ]e \_namcpsSbpw PohnX¯nse AhnkvacWob kw`h§Ä¡v AÃmlp XncsªSp¯Xv Cu Znhks¯bmWv. \qlv(A), C_vdmlow(A), bqkp^v(A), bAvJq_v(A), aqkm(A),A¿q_v(A), bq\pkv(A), Cukm(A) XpS§nb \_namsc hnhn[ ]co£W§fn \n¶pw i{Xpiey§fn \n¶pw aäpw c£s¸Sp¯nb ZnhkamWXv. thZ\n¡p¶ lrZbt¯msS AÃmlphnte¡v ssIIfpbÀ¯nb ]eÀ¡pw ]qÀW kwXr ]vXn \ÂIp¶ adp]SnIÄ aplÀdw ]¯n\v \mY³ \ÂIn.

Biqdm¸mbkhpw kpdpabpw

km[mcW KXnbn `£W¯n AXoh anXXzamWv ]ment¡­Xv. kÖ\§fpsS coXn AXmWv. F¶m AXnYn k¡mcthfbnepw s]cp¶mÄ Zn\¯nepw BiqdmAv Zn\¯nepw kp`n£X kp¶¯m¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. AXnYnbptSbpw B{inXcptSbpw a\xk´pjvSn IW¡nseSp¯mWnXv(Akv\ aXzmen_v:1/574, iÀhm\o:9/397). AXnYn k¡mc¯n\pw hntij Zn\§fn B{inXÀ¡v hnimeX sN¿m\pw th­n `£Ww hn]peam¡Â kp¶¯p Xs¶. AÃm¯t¸mÄ hn]peam¡mXncn¡emWv kp¶¯v. Camw AlvaZv A apkÖZv(d) Xsâ D_m_n Xpd¶p ]dªXmWnXv (XÀiolv:327).

kp`n£amb `£Ww thWsa¶ÃmsX GXv C\¯nÂs¸«XmIWsa¶v ]WvVnX·mÀ \nÀWbn¨p ]dªn«nÃ. AXn\mÂ, a[pcapÅXpw CÃm¯Xpw amwkw DÄs¸Sp¶Xpw DÄs¸Sm¯Xpamb GXpXcw `£Whpw BiqdmAv Zn\¯n BImw. ]mbkhpw CXnÂs¸Sp¶p. F¶ÃmsX, BiqdmAv Zn\hpw ]mbkhpambn {]tXyI Xc¯nepÅ aäp _Ô§sfm¶panÃ.