{kjvSmhmb
AÃmlphns\ hW§n Ah\p am{Xw FÃmw kaÀ¸n¨p D]mkn¡pI F¶ e£y¯n\mWvv a\pjy³
krjvSn¡s¸«Xv. "D¶X\mb \nsâ c£nXmhns\ hmgv¯n ]dbpI. Ah³ krjvSn¡pIbpw {IaoIcWw
\S¯pIbpw sNbvXh\t{X'.(hn.Jp: 87:2) a\pjykrjvSn¸nsâ BXy´nI e£yw
AÃmlphns\ Adnªv Bcm[n¡Â am{XamsW¶v JpÀB³ 51:56 Â ]dbp¶p. a\pjysâ
krjvSn¸v, hfÀ¨, hnImkw, DbÀ¨, t\«§Ä XpS§nb cwK§fn AddanÃm¯ A\p{Kl§fmWv
AÃmlp Ah\v \ÂInbXv. A\p{Klw sNbvXh\p \µnsN¿pI am\pjnI IS¸mSpIfnÂ
s]«XmWv. B \nebv¡v AÃmlp sNbvX A\p{Kl§Ä¡v F{XXs¶ \µn sNbvXmepw
aXnbmhpIbnÃ. B \µn kqN\IfmWv Bcm[\IÄ. Cu \µn F{X {]ISn¸n¨mepw
aXnhcnIbnÃ. F¦nepw Ahs\ ImWp¶ t]mse Bcm[\ sNbvXv Ahsâ kmao]yw IcØam¡Ww.
Bßob ip²oIcW¯neqsS am{Xta CXv km[n¡pIbpffq.
kÂkz`mhw,
`àn, BZchv, D]mk\ XpS§nb kÀÆ KpW§fpw Bßmhns\ B{ibn¨mWv \nesImffp¶Xv.
AXnsâ hmln\n am{XamWv icocw. tZln kwkv¡cn¡s¸Spt¼mÄ tZlw \¶mbn Xocp¶p.
tZlnbpsS taml§Ä¡pw XmÂ]cy§Ä¡pw ASns¸SmsX AI¶v IgnbpIbpw ZpÀKpW§fnÂ
\n¶v tZlnsb kwc£n¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ AXnsâ \· I®v, ImXv, I¿v, Imev XpS§nb
AwK§fneqsS {]ISamIp¶p. AXpsImmWv JpÀB\n \nch[n Øe§fn Bßkwkv¡cWw Du¶n]dªXv.
kÂ]mÙmhpw ZpÀamÀ¤hpw Bßmhnsâ ap¶n AÃmlp ImWn¨pX¶ncn¡p¶p. ZpÀamÀ¤w
shSnªv kÂkcWn kzoIcn¨p XkvInb¯v kn²n¨hÀ hnPbn¨psh¶v Adnbn¡pIbpw
sNbvXncn¡p¶p. "a\pjymßm¡sf krjvSn¨p {IaoIcn¨h³ Xs¶bmWv kXyw. Bßmhn\v
AXnsâ ZpÀ\S¸pw `ànbpw Ah³ tXm¶n¸n¨p. \nÝbw, Bßmhv kwkv¡cn¨h³
hnPbn¡pIbpw ZpÀ\S¸v sImvv ]qgv¯nbh³ ]cmPbs¸SpIbpw sNbvXncn¡p¶p'. (hn.Jp.
91:9)
P\§sf FÃm
ZpÀ\S¸pIfn \n¶pw amddn XkvInb¯v sN¿p¶Xn\mWv \_namsc AÃmlp \ntbmKn¨Xv.
\_n (kz) bpsS \ntbmKe£yw hnhcn¨p sImv JpÀB³ 3:164 Â AÃmlp ]dªp: "P\§fnÂ
\n¶v Xs¶bpff Hcp kXyZqXs\ AÃmlp \ntbmKn¨t¸mÄ kXyhnizmknIÄ¡v, \nÝbw,
AÃmlp A\p{Klw sNmcnªncn¡p¶p. Ahsâ ZrjvSm´§Ä P\§Ä¡v ]mcmbWw sN¿pIbpw
Ahsc kwkv¡cn¡pIbpw {KÙhpw XXzhpw ]Tn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ {]hmNI³. "\nÝbw,
AhÀ hyàamb AÔImc¯nembncp¶p.' lrZbw ip²oIcn¡pt¼mgmWv B kwkv¡cWw k^eamIp¶Xv.
Bßkwkv¡cW¯neqsS a\pjy³ Hu¶Xy¯nsâbpw ]cnip²nbptSbpw ]ShpIfnse¯p¶p.
lrZb¯nsâ KpW§fmb `bw, `àn, ]Ým¯m]w, {]Xo£, tamlw, kvt\lw, Xmgva, hn\bw
F¶nhsb Ipdns¨Ãmw JpÀB\n hnhn[ Øe§fn hntijn¸n¡p¶pv. B A[ym]\§Ä
DÄsImv lrZbw \¶m¡pt¼mtg a\pjy³ \¶mhpIbpffq. B ZuXyamWv Xncp\_n (kz) \nÀÆln¨Xv.
\_n (kz) bpsS GXv D]tZiw ]cntim[n¨mepw a\pjyIpes¯ Bßob ]ptcmKXnbpsS
D¶X§fnse¯n¡m³ DXIp¶Xv am{Xta ImWpIbpÅq. DZmlcWambn H¶p ImWpI:
\_n (kz)
kzlm_nIsfm¶n¨ncn¡pt¼mÄ aX Imcy§Ä ]Tn¸n¡m³ Pn_vco (A) a\pjycq]¯n h¶
kw`hw lZokv {K٧fn kphnZnXamWv. _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw B kw`hw
hnhcn¨ncn¡p¶p. \_n (kz) bpsS Nmc¯p h¶ncp¶ Pn_vco (A) Cuam³, Ckvemw
Imcy§sf Ipdn¨v At\zjn¨p. \_n (kz) AsXms¡ ]Tn¸n¨p sImSp¯p. At¸mÄ tNmZyw
Clvkm\ns\ Ipdn¨mbn. Bdp Imcy§fn hnizkn¡pIbpw Ckvemw Imcy§fnse IÀ½§Ä
sN¿m³ Hcp§pIbpw sN¿p¶ GsXmcmÄ¡pw Dmbncnt¡ KpWamWv Clvkm³ AYhm BßmÀYX.
CXns\Ipdn¨pff tNmZy¯n\v \_n (kz) bpsS adp]Sn C{]Imcambncp¶p:
‘AÃmlphns\
ap¶n ImWp¶ hn[amIWw \o Ah\v C_mZ¯v sN¿p¶Xv. \o Ahs\ ImWp¶nsæn Ah³
\ns¶ ImWp¶p F¶ [mcWbpmIWw.’
cp Imcy§fmWv Xncp\_n (kz) ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. H¶v: Bcm[\ bPam\s\ ap¶n Ip
sImmbncn¡Ww. apXemfn {i²n¨p sImncn¡pt¼mÄ sXmgnemfn FSp¡p¶ tPmenbnÂ
BßmÀYX ImWpatÃm. AXpt]mse AÃmlphns\ ap¼n Ip sImv hW§pt¼mÄ AXv \njvIf¦ambncn¡pw.
Cu kq£vaamb `mhw km[mcW¡mÀ¡v Ignbm¯XmWv. cmat¯Xv D¶X ]Zhn
ssIhcn¡m¯hÀ¡pffXmWv. AYhm DSaØ\mb AÃmlp ho£n¡pIbpw {i²n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p¶
[mcWbn Bcm[\ sN¿pI. Cu [mcWbpmIpt¼mgpw lrZbw `àn sImvv {]tim`nXamIpw.
"\nÝbw,
icoc¯n Hcp amwk]nWvUapv. AXv \¶mbm icocw apgps¡ \¶mbn. AXv Zpjn¨mÂ
icocamkIew Zpjn¨Xp Xs¶. AdnbpI. AXv lrZbat{X' (_pJmcn) "\nÝbw, AÃmlp \n§fpsS
icoc¯ntet¡m cq]¯ntet¡m t\m¡pIbnÃ. {]XypX \n§fpsS lrZb§fnte¡mWh³ t\m¡p¶Xv'.
(apkvenw) Npcp¡¯n sNfn]pc hkv{Xhpambn P\at²y hcm³ shdp¡p¶Xv t]mse
amen\yw ]pc lrZbhpambn AÃmlphns\ kao]n¡m\pw ePvPn¡Ww. Xncp\_n (kz)
injy·mcmb kzlm_nkaqls¯ kwkv¡cns¨Sp¯Xv lrZb§sf I¿nseSp¯p sImmbncp¶p. `uXnI
Imcy§Ä¡pw PohnX hn`h§sfmcp¡p¶Xn\pw {]tXyI {]tNmZ\w sImSpt¡XnÃ. ImcWw
a\pjy³ {]IrXym AXn\p k¶²\mWv. Bßob ]cnt]mjW¯n\v \nc´cw {]tNmZ\hpw
D]tZihpw sNt¿Xmbn hcp¶p. B `mh§fmWv Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS D]tZi§fnepw
enJnX§fnepw ImWm\pffXv. B \ne¡v lrZb ip²nssIhcn¨v BßssNX\yw t\Sm³ \nch[n
D]tZi§Ä \_n (kz) \ÂInbn«pv.
X\n¡mhiyanÃm¯ Imcy§Ä Dt]£n¡pt¼mÄ am{Xta HcmÄ ]qÀ® apkvenamhpIbpffq.
lemtem ldmtam F¶v kwibapff Imcy§Ä {]hÀ¯n¡pItbm kzoIcn¡pItbm sN¿m sX
kwibanÃm¯Xnte¡v \o§pI. kvt\lw , tIm]w XpS§nbh AÃmlphn\v thn am{XamhpI....
XpS§n H«\h[n \nÀt±i§Ä Xncp\_n (kz) {]kvXmhn¨Xv lrZb ip²oIcW¯n\v
thnbmWv. lrZb¯n\v imizX kam[m\w ssIhcp¶Xv ]mc{XnI hnPbw Dd¸phcpt¼mÄ
am{XamIp¶p. AXmIs« \cI¯n\p apIfn Øm]n¨ kzndmXzp ]mew hn«p IS¡msX
Dd¸n¡m\mhp¶XÃ. AXn\m kXyhnizmknbpsS lrZbw AÃmlphns\ Ipdn¨pÅ `bw \ndªXmbncn¡psa¶v
apBZp_n³P_ (d) ]dbp¶p. (cnkme¯p Jpssicn). almßm¡fmb kzlm_nIÄ,
Xm_nDIÄ XpS§nbhÀ Cu D¯aKpWw DÄsIm `à·mcmbncp¶p. A´co£¯n ]mdp¶ ]dhsb
t\m¡n A_q_¡À (d) ]dªp: ‘Rm\pw
Cu ]£nsb t]mse Bbncp¶psh¦nÂ, a\pjy\mbn krjvSn¡s¸«n Ãmbncp¶psh¦n ]ctemI¯v
hnNmcW t\cntSn hcnÃmbncp¶p’.
(Clvb 4:160). DaÀ (d) Hcpthf Hcp ]pÂsImSn I¿n ]nSn¨p sImv ]dªp.
‘Rm\o
]pÃp t]mse hnNmcWbnÃm¯h\mbncp¶psh¦nÂ, D½ Fs¶ {]khn¨nÃmbncp¶p sh¦nÂ.....’\cIs¯
HmÀ¯v Icªncp¶ Jeo^ DaÀ (d) sâ IhnÄ XS§fn cp hcIÄ sXfnªp ImWmambncp¶p.
(Clvb 4:161)
]ctemI in£Isf
Ipdn¨pff Xm¡oXpIÄ lrZbip²nbpff hnizmknIsf A¼c¸n¨ncp¶p. AkzØXbpw `bhpw
D±o]n¸n¨ncp¶p. Jeo^ DaÀ (d) Hcp \mÄ \S¶p t]mIp¶p. hgnh¡nsemcp ho«nÂ
HcmÄ i_vZ¯n JpÀBt\mXn \nkv¡cn¡p¶p. ]mcmbW i_vZw tI« DaÀ (d) {i²n¨p
\n¶p. kqd¯p¶qdmbncp¶p ]mcmbWw sNbvXncp¶Xv. AXnse "\nÝbw \nsâ \mYsâ in£
h¶v `hn¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw. AXns\ XSbp¶ H¶pw Xs¶bnÃ.' F¶ÀYw hcp¶
kqàsa¯nbt¸mÄ t]Sn¨p t]mb DaÀ (d) hml\¸pd¯v \n¶v Cd§n AÂv]w hn{ian¨p.
hnjmZw ]q lrZbt¯msS ho«n Xncns¨¯n. Hcp amk¡mew tcmK_m[nX\mbn InS¶p.
(Clvb 4:160)
XkzÆp^v
XkzÆp^pw
kzq^nkhpsaÃmw Ckveman\p ]pd¯msW¶ [mcWbpvv. kXy¯n XnIª AÚXbmWnXv. kzq^nkw
Ckveman\v A\yaÃ. Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ]mTimebn \n¶mWnXn\v AØnhmcan«Xv.
kq£vaamb ]T\¯n AXv JpÀB\nepw kp¶¯nepw ]dªXv Xs¶sb¶v hyàamIp¶p. ImcWw
Bßkwkv¡cWhpw lrZbip²oIcWhpw `uXnI hncànbpw e£yw sh¨v hnip² JpÀB\n \nch[n
kqà§fpvv. XkvInb¯v F¶]Zw sImpt±in¡p¶ AtX BibamWv Xncp\_n (kz) Clvkm³
{]tbmK¯neqsS H¶p IqSn hniZam¡nbXv. XkvInb¯v sImpw Clvkm³ sImpw
km[yamIp¶ AtX t\«w Xs¶bmWv XkzÆp^v sImpw km[yamIp¶Xv.
{]apJ kzq^nbmb
A_q\kvdv kndmPv (ln :378), Xsâ {KÙamb "ep½': bn kzq^nIÄ JpÀB³
kzoIcn¨hcpw \_nNcyIÄ ]n³]ddm³ XymKw sN¿p¶hcpw kzlm_nIÄ, Xm_nDIÄ F¶nhsc
]n³]ddnbhcpamsW¶v hniZoIcn¨tijw kzq^n {]tab§sf Ipdn¨v {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p:
kzq^nIfpsS {][m\ {]tXyIX A\mhiy§Ä hÀPvPn¡pI. ]cae£yamb AÃmlphnsâ
Xr]vXn ssIhcp¯p¶Xn\v hnLmXw krjvSn¡p¶Xv apgph³ shSnbpI F¶nhbmWv. Cu
XymKw ]cnt]mjn¸ns¨Sp¡m³ th kl\ioe¯nsâ ASnØm\ ineIsf Ipdn¨t±lw ]dbp¶Xv
ImWpI: "Ipdª `uXnI kpJw sImvv aXnbm¡pI. Pohsâ \ne\nÂ]n\mhiyamb Ipdª
Afhn am{Xw `£Ww Ign¡pI. k¼¶Xsb shdp¯v Zmcn{Zyw Xr]vXns¸SpI. Hu¶Xyhpw
Øm\am\hpw tamln¡mXncn¡pI. \nkvXpehn\bw ImWn¡pI. IjvS¸mSpIÄ XymKa\tÊmsS
kln¡pI. tZlm{Kl§Ä¡v hg§mXncn¡pI. Bcm[\Ifn ITn\m²zm\w sN¿pI XpS§nbh
kzq^nIfpsS apJap{ZbmWv' (ep½: 11).
kzq^nkw P\n¡p¶Xv
Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS `mh§fnemWv. icoA¯nsâ ]Wn¸pcbn amddpc¨v Dd¸p
hcp¯m¯sXm¶pw AXnenÃ. kzq^n {]apJ\mb Camw Jpssicn ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: XkzÆp^nsâ
\nÀ½mWhpw BsI¯pIbpw aX\nba§Ä kq£n¨p sImv \S¡p¶Xnepw ldmante¡pw ldmsa¶v
kwibn¡s¸Sp¶Xnte¡pw ssI\o«mXncn¡p¶XnepamWv. am{Xaà _mtly{µnb§sf
AcpXmbvaIfn \n¶v X«n¯ncn¡pIbpw izmtkmÑmkw hsc AÃmlphnsâ Xr]vXnbnem¡m³
{ian¡pIbpw sN¿Ww'. (cnkme¯p Jpssicn 185) kzq^n A[ym]\§fpsS k¯bnte¡v
hnc Nqn ssiJv Poem\n (d) (ln. 561) C§s\ ]dªp: kXyamÀ¤w ]n´pScpI. _nZvA¯v
Dm¡cpXv. hgns¸SpI, `n¶n¡cpXv. XuloZv DÄsImffpI, inÀ¡v sN¿cpXv.
kXyawKoIcn¡pI, kwibn¡cpXv. £assIsImffpI, ]cn{`m´nbnemIcpXv.
hgn]mSpIfm kwLSn¡pI, On¶`n¶amIcpXv.' (^p¯plp ssK_v 10) Camw imZpen
(d) sâ (ln 656) hm¡pIÄ IqSn ImWpI:
‘ASnathe¡v
icocs¯ ioen¸n¡pIbpw c£nXmhnsâ \nba¯nte¡v sImphcnIbpw sN¿pI.’
Camw KÊmen (d) sâ `mjbn XkzÆp^,v DÄsImff Hmtcm apkvenan\pw \nÀ_Ôas{X.
ImcWw \yq\XIfpw Nm]ey§fpw CÃm¯hcmbn {]hmNI·mcÃmsX addmcpanÃ. (iÀlpÂ
ln¡w : C_v\pAPo_ 1:7) kzq^nIfpambn _Ôs¸Sm\nSh¶Xn\ptijw Dmb
BßotbmXvIÀjw F§s\sb¶v PohnXm\p`h¯n \n¶v Camw KÊmen (d) hnhcn¡p¶Xv
IqSn ImWpI: ‘Fsâ
PohnXmcw`¯n kzmenlpIfpsS ØnXn hntij§fpw Bcn^pIfpsS Øm\am\§fpw \ntj[n¨ncp¶p.
A§s\ Fsâ BßobKpcp bqkp^p¶kmPpambn Ipap«m\nSbmbn. At±lw ITn\bÚ¯neqsS
Fsâ a\kv sXfnbn¨p. ]e `mKy§fpw Fsâ a\Êns\ ISm£n¨p sImncp¶p. Hcn¡Â
AÃmlphns\ kz]v\¯n ZÀin¨p. Ah³ Ft¶mSv IÂ]n¨p: "A_qlmanZv, \nsâ tPmenIÄ
Dt]£n¡pI. Fsâ Xncpt\m«¯n\p hnt[bcmb Nne Zmk·msc `qanbn \ntbmKn¨n«pv.
Fsâ {]o Xn¡p thn CltemIw hnddhcmWhÀ. Ahcpambn k¼À¡s¸SpI.’
Rm³ ]dªp: ‘AÃmlpth,
Ahsc Ipdn¨ kZvhnNmcw F\n¡v X¶mepw.’
‘`uXnI
t{]aamWv \ns¶ Ahcpambn AIddp¶Xv. CltemI¯v \n¶v \nµy\mbn Cd§n t]mIm\nShcp¶Xn\v
ap¼v Xs¶ X¶njvS{]Imcw Xncn¨pt]mcpI.’
Rm³ kz]v\¯n \ns¶gpt¶ddp. kt´mjhm\mbn ssiJns\ kao]n¨p. kw`h§sfÃmw
hniZoIcn¨p. At±lw ]p©ncn XqIn ]dªp: XpS§nbtXbpffq. \½psS k¼À¡w
kpZrVambm AÃmlphnsâ iànbmIp¶ ARvP\w sImv \nsâ t\{X§Ä kpdpasbgpXs¸Spw'
(iJvkzn¿mXpkzq^nb: A_vZp _mJn kpdqÀ 154) Npcp¡¯n XkzÆp^v {]hmNI \nÀt±i§fpw
\nZÀi\§fpw am{XamIp¶p. ]caamb kvt\l¯nsâ aqÀ¯o`mhhpw ]co£W¯nsâ
XoNqfbpamIp¶p. kzÀ¤hpw dºnsâ Xr]vXnbpamWv ap{ZmhmIyw. i{Xpkwlmcw \S¯n
]nimNns\ tlmaIpWvU¯ntes¡dnbemWv e£yw. A\mNmc§Ä¡pw Xn·IÄ¡pw AhnsS
koddnÃ. kzq^nIÄ Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ]À®imebnse injy·mÀ am{Xw. Ckveman\v
hncp²ambsXm¶pw AhÀ sN¿p¶nÃ.
kzq^nIÄ
Xncp\_n
(kz) bpsS Bßob`mh¯nsâ k´XnbmWv kzq^nksa¦n F´psImvv kzq^n F¶ \maw
kzlm_namÀ kzoIcn¨nÃ. kzq^n KpW§Ä Gddhpw IqSpX H¯ptNÀ¶hcmbncp¶tÃm
kzlm_nIÄ. F¶n«pw kzlm_n F¶ t]cnemWtÃm Ahcdnbs¸«Xv. Cu kwib¯n\p Camw
Jpssicn (d) ]dbp¶ adp]Sn CXmWv:
‘\_n
(kz) bpsS klhmkw sIm\pKrloXcmb P\§Ä¡v B klhmk¯nt\¡mÄ henb Hcp hntijWw
thsdbnÃm¯Xn\m B _Ôs¯ Adnbn¡p¶ kzlm_n F¶ A]c\ma¯nednbs¸«p. ]n¶oSv
kzlm_n klhmkw e`n¨hÀ Xm_nDIÄ F¶pw Ahsc XpS¶hÀ Xm_nDXm_nAv F¶pw
Adnbs¸«p. ]n¶oSv A§s\sbmcp Øm\w \ÂIm\nÃmsXbmbt¸mÄ aXImcy§fn IqSpX \njvIÀjX
]men¨p h¶hÀ kmlnZpIÄ, B_nZpIÄ F¶ t]cnednbs¸«p. ]nÂIme¯v aXcwK¯v _nZvA¯pw
hn`mKobXbpw hfÀ¶p h¶p. Hmtcm hn`mKhpw kmlnZv \ma¯n AhImi XÀ¡ap¶bn¡m³
XpS§n. At¸mgmWv AlvepÊp¶bnse D¶Xcpw lrZbip²nbpffhcpw izmtkmÑzmkw hsc
AÃmlphnsâ {]oXn¡p Nen¸n¡m³ {]m]vXcpamb alm·m¡sf kzq^n F¶ \ma¯nÂ
hnfn¡m³ XpS§nbXv. Bß kwkv¡cW¯nsâ D¯pwKXbnse¯nb B almßm¡Ä¡v lnPvd 200
\v ap¼v Xs¶ Cu t]cv {]kn²nbmÀPvPn¨ncp¶p. (cnkme¯p Jpssicn. t]Pv 7)
{]kn²
Ncn{X ]WvVnX³ C_v\pJÂZq³ apJ±nax bn ]dbp¶Xv {i²n¡pI: aX]camb hnÚm\§fnÂ
kaql¯n ]n¶oSpmbXmWv XkzÆp^v. kzq^nIfpsS ssienbpw XzcoJ¯pw
ap³KmanIfpsSbpw kzlm_nIÄ, Xm_nDIÄ, Zo\nsâ CamapIÄ F¶nhcn {]apJcpsSbpw
PohnX¯nepmbncp¶p. AXnsâ ASnØm\w C_mZ¯n\pw AÃmlphn\v thn PohnXw \o¡nsh¡p¶Xn\pw
XymKw sN¿pI, `uXnI XmÂ]cy§fn \n¶I¶v ]qÀ®ambpw kpJt`mK§Ä Hgnhm¡n
hncànbn Pohn¡pI F¶s{X. CXmIs« kzlm_¯nepw ke^pIfnepw \ndªp\n¶ncp¶p. ]n¡me¯v
Cu [mcbn \n¶v P\§fI¶t¸mÄ cmw \qämnepw AXn\ptijhpw C_mZ¯pambn Ignªp
IqSp¶hÀ kzq^nIÄ F¶ t]cnednbs¸«p.
kzq^n XXz§Ä
kp{][m\hpw
auenIhpamb cSn¯dIfnemWv kzq^n XXz§Ä \nesImffp¶Xv. Bßkacw (apPmlZx),
AÃmlphnt\mSpff ]caamb t{]aw (aplº¯v) F¶nhbmWh. lrZbip²n ssIhcn¡p¶XneqsS
a\pjy³ \¶mbn Xocpw. AXv t\SnsbSp¡m³ \S¯p¶ XymKhpw kachpamWv apPmlZx.
AXp]tZin¡p¶hcmWv Kpcp¡·mÀ. hen¿pIÄ, kmlnZpIÄ, kzq^nIÄ, ssiJpamÀ F¶o
A]c\ma¯nednbs¸Sp¶hÀ BßobmNmcy·mcmb Kpcp¡fneqsS Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS A[ym]\§Ä
DÄs¡mv {]hÀ¯n¡pIbmWv Bßip²nbpsS hgn. Hcp DZmlcW¯neqsS Cu hkvXpX \ap¡v
a\Ênem¡mw: {]`mX¯n kqcy\pZn¡p¶tXmsS kÔybpsS CcpÄ \o§p¶p. cm{Xnbn {]ImianÃmsX
\mw H¶pw ImWp¶nÃ. CcpÄ`bw am{Xw _m¡n. kqcy{]Imi¯n \mw kÀÆ
hkvXp¡sfbpw ImWp¶p. F¦nepw \½psS \áZrjvSnbnÂs¸Sm¯ [mcmfw hkvXp¡Ä A´co£¯nep.v
AWp¡Ä, IoS§Ä, sNdp{]mWnIÄ XpS§nbhsb kqcy\pZn¨v {]Imiw ]c¶n«pw ImWp¶nÃ.
F¶m kqcy{]Imiw ZÀ¸W¯nte¡p ]Xn¸n¡pIbpw ZÀ¸W¯neqsS {]Xn^en¸n¡p¶ {]Imi¯nÂ
t\m¡pIbpw sNbvXm IoS§sf Ip]nSn¡m³ Ignbp¶p. CXpt]mse {]hmNI
IpSpw_¯nse kqcytKmfamb Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ktµi§Ä kzoIcn¨ apkvenansâ
lrZbw AÔImcw \o§n Cuam\nI {]Imiw sImv {]`m]qcnXambn«pvv. F¦nepw B
lrZb¯n ASnªp IqSnb \nch[n IoS§fpw _mIvSocnbIfpapv. Al¦mcw, Akqb,
temIam\yw, shdp¸v, tZjyw, ]I XpS§nbhbmWXv. Chsb s]s«¶v Ip]nSn¡m³
IgnbpIbnÃ. kzlm_nIfpw Xm_nDIfpw {]hmNI klhmksa¶ alm`mKyw sImXv t\SnsbSp¯p.
]n³KmanIÄ¡Xv Ip]nSn¨p NnInÕn¨p kpJs¸Sp¯m\pff Ffp¸ hgn \_n (kz) bpsS
ktµi§Ä Bßob Kpcp¡·mcmIp¶ I®mSnbneqsS {]Xn^en¸n¡pIbmWv. B ZÀi\w hgn t\SnsbSp¡p¶Xv
Bßip²oIcWamWv.
Bßob
Kpcp¡Ä¡v Bthiw ]Icp¶ Hcp lZokv ImWpI. A\kv (d) ]dbp¶p:
‘Xncp\_n
(kz) Fs¶ hnfn¨p D]tZin¨p. Fsâ Ipªptamt\, {]`mXw apXÂ {]tZmjw hsc Hcp
a\pjyt\mSpw bmsXmcp shdp¸pw \nsâ a\ÊnenÃmsX Pohn¡m³ Ignbpsa¦n \o AXv
sN¿pI. AsXsâ NcybmWv. Fsâ Ncy ]p\cpPvPohn¸n¡p¶h³ kzÀ¤¯n {]thin¡p¶XmWv.’
(XnÀapZn)
`uXnI
hncànbn ]qÀ®X {]m]n¨p sImmWv Cu kp¶¯v ]p\cpPvPohn¸n¡m³ kzq^o temI¯n\v
IgnªXv. P\kzm[o\hpw A[nImctamlhpw `uXnI t{]ahpw IpSnsImffp¶ lrZb¯n Cu
Ncy {]thin¡pIbnÃ. (Ahmcn^p aBcn^v 303)
Bßip²n
t\Sp¶Xn\v ITn\m²zm\w sN¿p¶ apPmlZx sb Ipdn¨pÅ Nn{Xw C§s\bmWv: AÃmlphnÂ
\n¶v a\pjys\ AIddp¶ \mep {]XnIfpv. a\Êv, Zp³bmhv, ]nimNv. krjvSnIÄ.
Ch \mepw hyXykvX ssienbn a\pjysâ {]bmW¯n¶v amÀ¤XSÊw krjvSn¡p¶p. ChbnÂ
H¶mw{]Xn a\ÊmsW¶v Xncn¨dnbepw kz´w t]mcmbvaIÄ IWvsS¯n Xncp¯m\pÅ BÀPhw
t\SepamWv Bßkac¯nsâ H¶mwL«w. Cu L«w hnPbIcambn t\cn«m ]n¶oSpff {]bmW¯nÂ
]nimNv \nc´cw ]ng¸n¡m\pw ]oUn¸n¡m\pw {ian¡pw. B kµÀ`¯nemWv ssiJnsâ
]n³_ew Dmbncnt¡Xv. {]kn² kzq^n Nn´I\mb C_v\p APo_ (d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI:
‘t\ÀamÀ¤w
tXSp¶hÀ¡v apPmlZx sNbvtX tim`n¡m³ Ignbq. Bcw`w ip`ambm Ahkm\hpw ip`w
Xs¶. AekXbpw hogvNbpw ssIshSnªv AXy²zm\w sN¿p¶hÀt¡ hnPb {]Xo£bpffq.’
(CuJmfp lnaaw 2:370)
AÃmlphnt\mSpff
]caamb t{]aamWtÃm kzq^n XXz§fn cmas¯Xv. CXv km[ns¨Sp¡p¶Xn\v \nch[n
XymKw sN¿p¶hcmWv apÀinZpIfmb Bßob Kpcp¡·mÀ. \nch[n Aán ]co£IÄ AhÀ t\cnSp¶p.
kq£vaXbmWv B PohnX¯nse {][m\ [À½§fnsem¶v. Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ]mTimebnÂ
\n¶v ]IÀ¯nb kp¶¯pIÄ H¶v t]mepw tNmÀ¶p t]mImsX AXoh kq£vaXtbmsS A\pjvTn¡pIbpw
icoc¯n\v {]bmkclnXam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xmbn Huenbm¡fpsSbpw kzq^nIfpsSbpw
PohnXw ]T\hnt[bam¡p¶ BÀ¡pw t_m[ys¸Sp¶XmWv. Nne DZmlcW§Ä:
an¼dpIfnÂ
\n¶v t]mepw kzq^n ZÀi\§Ä {]t_m[\w sNbvX alm\mb kmlnZmWv in_ven \pAvam³
(d) (acWw lnPvd 334). Kpcphmb in_venbpsS acWkabs¯ ØnXn hntijsa´mbncp¶psh¶v
At±l¯nsâ ]cnNmcIt\mSv tNmZn¨t¸mÄ C§s\bmbncp¶p adp]Sn: "At±l¯nsâ i_vZw
\ne¨p. Ahbh§Ä {]hÀ¯\ clnXambt¸mÄ hpfp sNbvXp sImSp¡Wsa¶v BwKy`mjbnÂ
Fs¶ Adnbn¨p. Rm³ hpfp sNbvXp sImSp¯p. ]t£, At±l¯nsâ CSXqÀ¶p hfÀ¶ XmSn
Xn¡Iddn sImSp¡phm³ Rm³ ad¶p t]mbn. DSs\ Fsâ ssI ]nSn¨p XmSnbnte¡v \o¡n.
Rm³ B kp¶¯v Kpcphn\v \nÀÆln¨p sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp'. (Ahmcn^v 317)
ssiJv Pnem\o
(d) Hcp cm{Xnbn \mÂ]Xp XhW Ipfn¨Xpw kp¶¯v kq£n¨Xnsâ DZmlcWamWv.
cm{Xnbn henb Aip²nbpbm DSs\ Ipfn¨p ip²n hcp¯Â \nÀ_ÔanÃ. F¦nepw kp¶¯mWv.
kzp_vln \nkv¡mc¯n\p ap¼v Ipfn¡te \nÀ_Ôapffq. F¶n«pw kvJe\w hgn
Aip²nbpmb DSs\ ssiJv Poem\n (d) Ipfn¨p. hopw Aip²n, hopw Ipfn¨p. Cu
]co£Ww \mev]Xp XhW BhÀ¯n¨p. ssiJhÀIÄ hnPbn¨p. kp¶¯pIÄ ]men¨p.
icocsamXp¡n BßobX DÄsIm almßm¡fn HcmfmWv \^ok¯p ankzvcn¿x (d) (acWw
lnPvd 208). a¡bn P\n¨v aZo\mico^n hfÀ¶p CuPn]vXn IpSntbdn ]mÀ¯
alXnbpsS PohnXw P\§Ä¡v CkvemanI {]` sNmcnbp¶Xmbncp¶p. t\m¼pw \nkv¡mchpw
JpÀB³ ]mcmbWhpambn Ignªp IqSnb alXn kz´w Ic§Ä sImv J_À Ipgn¡pIbpw
AXnend§nbncp¶p 190 {]mhiyw JpÀBt\mXn XoÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p. acWmk¶bmbn
InS¡pt¼mÄ t\m¼pImcnbmbncp¶p. t\m¼p apdn¡Wsa¶v NnInÕn¨ tUmIvSÀamÀ \nÀt±in¨t¸mÄ
AhÀ {]XnIcn¨Xv C§s\bmWv. ‘Ignª
ap¸Xv hÀjambn Fs¶ t\m¼pImcnbmbn acn¸n¡Wa¶v Rm³ AÃmlphnt\mSv ZpB sN¿p¶p.
AXn\hkcw In«nbXmWnt¸mÄ. F¶n«v Rm\o t\m¼v apdn¡pItbm, AsXmcn¡epanÃ.’
(\qdp A_vkzmÀ)
Npcp¡¯nÂ,
Huenbm¡fpw ssiJpamcpw kzq^nIfpw Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS Bßob `mh§fn \n¶I¶hcÃ;
IqSpX ASp¯hcmWv. sh«n¸pw X«n¸pambn \S¶p `uXnI kpJ§fn apJw Ip¯nbhcÃ;
BßXymKw sNbvXhcmWv. kp¶¯pw ^Àfpw Hgnhm¡n kpJn¨p hneknb Aek·mcÃ; ]«nWn
InS¶pw Dd¡samgn¨pw IjvSs¸«v Bcm[n¨hcmWv.
Bßob _Ôw
BßobmNmcycpambn
_Ôs¸SÂ hnizmknbpsS Bß]cnt]mjW¯n\pw kwc£W¯n\pw A\nhmcyamWv. Cuam³ kwc£n¡m\pw
PohnX¯n kwXr]vXnbpw kq£vaXbpw ssIhcn¡m\pw CXmhiyamWv. \·bpsS
tKm]pc§fnte¡pff amÀ¤ZÀinbpsS Bhiy¯n Du¶nsImv CamwKÊmen ]dbp¶Xn§s\bmWv;
‘k·mÀ¤¯nÂ
{]thin¡p¶h\v hgnIm«n AXymhiyamWv. Zpkz`mhw \nÀ½mÀPvP\w sNbvXv
kÂkz`mhnbm¡nsbSp¡p¶ Kpcp. AhcmWv injysc ]Sn]Snbmbn hfÀ¯nsbSp¡p¶
apdºnbmb ssiJpamÀ. Irjnsb ]cn]men¡p¶ IÀjIs\ t]msebmWv apdºnbmb Kpcp.
Irjnbn s]m´n hcp¶ If, IÃv, ]pÃv, N¸vNhdpIsfÃmw FSp¯v \o¡n Irjnsb \¶m¡n
]eXhW shffw \nÀ¯n kwc£n¡p¶Xn\v Hcp IÀjI³ A\nhmcyamsW¶Xpt]msebmWv
apdºnbmb ssiJpamÀ. P\a\ÊpIfn apf¨p s]m´p¶ IfIÄ ]dn¨p \o¡n Cuam\nsâ
sNSn kwc£n¡p¶hÀ. AXn\mWv AÃmlp {]hmNI·msc \ntbmKn¨Xv. A´y {]hmNI³ Xncp\_n
(kz) h^m¯mIpt¼mÄ Cu ZuXy\nÀÆlW¯n\v Jpe^mDdminZpIsf \ntbmKn¨p. AhÀ ASp¯
Xeapdsbbpw. A´y\mÄ hsc CXp XpSÀ¶p sImWvSncn¡p¶p.’
(Clvb 3:55)
temI¯v H«p
ap¡m DÂ]¶§fnepw ambw tNÀ¡s¸«Xp t]mse ssiJpamcnepw ambw IeÀ¶n«pv.
bYmÀY Kpcp¡·mscbmWv It¯Xv. `àcpw ip²cpw kmXznIcpambhsc. X«n¸nsâ hnhn[
apJ§Ä kzoIcn¨v ab¡p acp¶pw ab¡p a{´hpw ssIapXem¡nb IÅ\mWb§Ä [mcmfw
amÀ¡ddnend§nbn«pv. Ahcpambn ASp¡pI t]mepw sN¿cpXv.
bYmÀY
ssiJpamÀ CkvemanI {]` sNmcnbp¶hcpw AÔhnizmkhpw Ahnizmkhpw shdp¡p¶hcpambncn¡pw.
`uXnI t\«§Ä¡v AhcpsS ap¶n {]kànbnÃ. Ahcpambn _Ôs¸«p sImmIWw
AÃmlphnte¡Spt¡Xv. Cu hkvXpXbnte¡v hnc Nqn C_v\p AXzmDÃmlnkn¡´cn ]dbp¶Xv
{i²n¡pI: ‘t\Àhgnbnse¯Wsa¶v
Dt±in¨hÀ tbmKy\mb ssiJns\ At\zjn¡Ww. tZtlOIÄ XnckvIcn¨, XzcoJ¯n Imepd¨
ssiJns\ In«nbm At±l¯n\p hg§n Pohn¡Ww. tZtlÑbpsS XShdbn \n¶v bPam\\mb
dºnsâ ZÀ_mdnte¡p \ns¶ ]nSn¨pbÀ¯p¶h\mbncn¡Ww \o Kpcphmbn sImp \S¡p¶h³.
AÃmlphnsâ {]Imiw JÂs_¶ I®mSnbn sXfnbn¡Ww.’
(eXzmC^p an\³ 167)
Bßob _Ô¯nsâ
hgnIfnte¡v JpÀB³ shfn¨w hoip¶Xv ImWpI:
‘kXyhnizmknItf,
AÃmlphn\p XJvh sN¿pIbpw Ahsâ kmao]y¯n\pXIp¶ am[ya§sf At\zjn¡pIbpw Ahsâ
amÀ¤¯n kac¯n\nd§pIbpw sN¿pI, \n§Ä hnPbnIfmIp¶Xn\v thn.’
(AÂamCZ: 35) AÃmlphnte¡Sp¡m³ D]bpàamb am[ya§Ä At\zjn¨p kzoIcn¡Wsa¶v
Cu kqà¯neqsS AÃmlp ]Tn¸n¡p¶p. AÃmlphnsâ kÂ]Ùmhnte¡Sp¸n¡m³ AXv
AXymhiyamWv. ‘BßobÚm\apff
]WvVnX t{ijvTcpw XzcoJ¯nsâ ssiJpamcpamWv am[ya§Ä’
(dqlpÂ_bm³ 2:388)
‘\nÝbw,
AhÀ bYmÀY hgnbn \ne\n¶phcnIbmsW¦n \mw AhÀ¡v [mcmfambn ]m\obw \ÂIpw,
CXn \mw Ahsc ]co£n¡p¶Xn\v thn’
(kqd¯p Pn¶v:17) Cu kqà¯n kzq^n PohnX¯nte¡pÅ kqN\bpv.
‘PohnXkpJmUw_c§fnÂ
\n¶I¶v AÃmlphnsâ Xr]vXn¡p hnt[bcmIpt¼mÄ icoc¯nsâ \ne\nÂ]n\p Pew IWs¡
AhcpsS lrZb§fn kvt\lw, Adnhv XpS§nbh \ÂIp¶XmWv. AXp \ÂIs¸«m AhÀ¡v
BZchpw Bkànbpw H¸w hÀ²n¨p sImncn¡pw. AtX XpSÀ¶v hoSpw IpSpw_hpw
shSntª¡pw. NnecpsS a\Ênsâ ka\ne Xs¶ sXddntb¡pw. addp NneÀ t{]a`mP\s¯ (AÃmlphns\)
tXSn elcnbnembncn¡pw.’
(kzmhn 4:242)
BXvaob
BNmcysc tXSn injyXzw kzoIcn¨v k·mÀ¤w ]pÂIp¶Xv ]pXnb ImcyaÃ. {]hmNI\mb
aqk (kz) Jfndns\ At\zjn¨p Is¯nb kw`hw hnip² JpÀB\nepw kzoImcyamb
lZokpIfnepw ]dªn«pffXpw kphnZnXambXpamWv. aqkm\_n (A) \_nbpw dkqepamWv.
JfnÀ \_ntbm hent¿m F¶Xn XÀ¡apv. \_nbmsW¶v sh¨m Xs¶ aqk (A) t\¡mÄ ]ZhnIpdªhcmWv.
ImcWw aqkm (A) dkq IqSnbmWtÃm. F¶n«pw aqkm (A) ¡v A¶phsc e`n¨n«nÃm¯
Nne A²ymßnI Úm\§Ä Jfndn\p AÃmlp \ÂInbncp¶p. AXv aqkm\_n¡p e`n¡p¶Xn¶p
apt¼bmWvv Jfndns\ kao]n¨Xpw k©mcw \S¯nbXpw. B _Ôw aqkm\_nbn Nne
amdd§fpm¡pIbpw temI P\X¡v Nne \à ]mT§Ä e`n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
_ohn \^ok
(d) CuPn]vXn Xmakam¡nbt¸mÄ Camw im^nCu (d) CS¡nsS sN¶v ZpB
sN¿n¸n¡pambncp¶p. im^nCu (d) \vv bm{XsN¿m³ IgnbmsXbmbt¸mÄ _ohnbpsS
AcnInte¡v Bsf ]dªb¨p sImmWv ZpB sN¿n¨ncp¶Xv. sshÚm\nI aWvUe¯nse shffn\£{X§fmWv
im^nCu (d), Al½Zp_n³ l¼Â (d) F¶nhÀ. ]t£, BßobÚm\¯n AKm[ ]mWvUnXyapff
almßm¡sf kµÀin¡m³ AhÀ aSn¨ncp¶nÃ. {]kn² kzq^nbmb ssi_m³ dmCsb Camw im^nCu
(d) kµÀin¡mdpmbncp¶p. Hcp sIm¨p hnZymÀYnsbt]mse A¨S¡t¯msS ssi_m\pdmCbpsS
ap¼nencp¶v ]e hnjb§fpw tNmZn¨p a\Ênem¡nbncp¶p. im^nCubpsS B \S]SnbnÂ
hnjaw tXm¶nb NneÀ tNmZn¨p: "\n§sf t]mepffhÀ Cu ImS·mcpsS kao]¯v
hcnItbm'. "AsX, R§fpsS {i²bn s]Sm¯ ]e hnÚm\ap¯pIfpw Chcn \n¶v t\SnsbSp¡mw'.
Camw im^nCu adp]Sn ]dªp. Camw Al½Zp_n³ l¼epw (d) {]kn² ]WvVnX\mb
blvb_n³ apCu\pw (d) kzq^n {]apJ\mb aAvdq^p IÀJnsb \nc´cw
kao]n¡mdpmbncp¶p (Clvb 1þ28).
A[ymßnIÚm\nIfpsS
injyXzhpw D]tZi§fpanÃmsX tIhe{KÙ§Ä hmbn¨p t\Àam À¤w {]m]n¡msa¶p IcpXp¶Xp
hnUvVn¯amW.v Camw iAvdm\n (d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI:
‘ssiJns\
kzoIcn¡msX BZyIme§fn Ipsdb[nIw ITn\m²zm\w Rm³ sNbvXp t\m¡n. {]ikvX
XkzÆp^v {KÙ§fmb cnkme¯p Jpssicn, Ahmcn^p aBcn^v, Jp¯q Jpeq_v, Clvb
XpS§nb \nch[n {KÙ§Ä hmbn¡pIbpw AXn ImWp¶ amÀ¤§Ä Ahew_n¨p C_mZ¯pIÄ
sNbvXp bXv\n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. F¶m icnbmb hgn AXsöv F\n¡v t_m[ys¸«t¸mÄ
Rm³ ssiJns\ kzoIcn¡pIbpmbn. henb Hcp IhmSw IS¡m³ {ian¡p¶hsâ {]XoXn
At¸mÄ F\n¡p ssIh¶p. IhmSw Xpd¶n«ptm CÃtbm F¶dnbnÃ. Xpd¶n«ps¦n {]thin¡mw.
Csæn Xncn¨p t]mcmsa¶ [mcWbn ]e XhW IjvS¸mSv kln¨v bm{X sN¿p¶Xv
A`nImayaÃ. IhmS ]mdmhpImc³ Ds¦n At±lt¯mSt\zjn¨v \nÀt±i{]Imcw IhmS¯nÂ
{]thin¡m³ {ian¨m A²zm\w IpdbpIbpw Imcyw \S¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. CXv Xs¶bmWv
ssiJnÃm¯hsâbpw ØnXn. BbpÊv \in¡pIbÃmsX e£y{]m]vXn t\Sm\mhp¶XÃ. (eXzmC^pÂ
an\³; Camw iAvdm\n 1þ48)
apÀinZpIfmb Kpcp¡·mcpsS klmbanÃmsX kz´w Úm\w, ]mWvUnXyw F¶nh sImv
XzcoJ¯nsâ tkm]m\¯nse¯m³ Ignªncp¶psh¦n Camw KÊmen (d), CÊp±o\p_n³
A_qÊemw (d) XpS§nb ]WvVnX tIkcnIÄ ssiJpamcpsS injyXzw
kzoIcn¡pIbnÃmbncp¶p. hnÚm\k¼mZ¯n\v Bßob amÀ¤ap¶v ]dbp¶hsc shÃphnfn \S¯nbhcmbncp¶p
ChÀ cpt]cpw. F¶m kzq^o amÀ¤w kzoIcn¨Xn\v tijw Ccphcpw AXv Xncp¯n ]dªp.
\njv^eamb {]hÀ¯\¯n R§fpsS BbpÊv ]mgmbnt¸mbncn¡p¶p (eXzmC^p an\³
1þ25).
Bßob
Kpcp¡·mcpambn _Ôw Øm]n¡p¶Xpw {]mÀYn¡m\mhiys¸Sp¶Xpw ]ctemI hnPbw e£yam¡nbmhWw.
AXnsâ DZmlcW§fmWv apIfn sImSp¯Xv. F¶m hnk e`n¡m\pw I¨hSw ]ptcmKan¡m\pw
km¼¯nI ]ptcmKXn¡psaÃmw Huenbm¡fmsW¶v ]dbs¸Sp¶hsc kao]n¨p {]mÀYn¸n¡p¶
{]hWXbmWv C¶v ]cs¡ Iphcp¶Xv. CXv `uXnI XmÂ]cy¯nepff AXntamlw am{XamWv.
Cuam\nI
]cnip²n¡v G¡p¶ HSnhpw NXhpw t]mdepsaÃmw Bßob ip²Pew sImv IgpIn
hr¯nbm¡n kÂkcWnbnte¡v \bn¡p¶hcmIWw Kpcp¡·mÀ. A¯c¡mÀ¡v Hcp]mSv
D¯aKpWhntij§fpv. Ahsbms¡ tafn¨ Kpcp¡sf In«m³ {]bmkw t\cnSpIbmsW¦nÂ
Bßob_Ôw Øm]nt¡Xv Xncp\_n (kz) tbmSv Xs¶bmWv. Xncp\_nbpsS `uXnI
hntbmKw kw`hn¨Xp sImv t\cn Ivv _Ôs¸Sphm³ \ap¡v \nÀÆmlanÃ. AXn\mÂ
Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS ta kzem¯pw kemapw hÀ²n¸n¨p AhnSs¯ kvt\lw k¼mZn¡pI.
At¸mÄ Xncp\_n (kz) \ap¡v Bßob in£Whpw ]cnemf\bpw \ÂInsImncn¡pw. B
XWen \ap¡v a\xkpJw In«pw. Cu hkvXpX XkzÆp^v {KÙ§fmb kmZp apkenw
2:384, AJvd_pXzpdpJn Ce lJv 7, XpS§nbhbn ]cmaÀin¨n«pv.
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