Xncp\_n
(kz) {]IoÀ¯n¡s¸«p; BImi¯nepw `qanbnepw. atäXp temIaptm AhnsSsbms¡bpw.
AhnSp¶p hnt®dn; ssZhnI k¶n[nbn hncp¶p sN¶p. BßobXbpsS D¯pwKXbnÂ
hncmNn¨p. Bßob temI¯p \n¶p hninjvS amemJ IS¶p h¶mWv AhnSps¯ {]hmNIXz¯nsâ
AXyp¶X ]Zhnbnte¡m\bn¨Xv. B amemJ Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS \nXy kµÀiI\mbncp¶p.
Bßob temI§Ä \_nbpsS ap¼n Xpd¶p sh¡s¸«p. km[mcW a\pjyÀ ImWm¯Xv Xncp\_n
(kz) Ip; tIÄ¡m¯Xp tI«p, Adnbm¯Xv Adnªp. Bßob temIhpambn AhnSp¶p kZm
kwhZn¨p. kÀh{X Bßob abw.
AÃmlphn \n¶p am\hX¡pÅ amÀK
ZÀi\amWv Ckvemw. a®nsâ a¡Ä¡pÅ ktµiw. AXp F¯n¨p Xcp¶Xmhs«, BßobXbpambn
kZm kwhZn¡p¶ dkq apl½Zv apkvX^m (kz). kzm`mhnIambpw [cn¡m\nSbpv; B
ktµi§Ä ]qÀWambpw Bßobambncn¡psa¶v. ssZhhpambpÅ a\pjysâ CS]mSv.
AXnsehnsS ]¨ a\pjysâ PohnX hyYIÄ¡pw PohnXm`nemj§Ä¡pw kpJ kuIcy§Ä¡panSw?
a®nsâ a¡fpsS {]IrXn]camb tX«§fpw Bßob temI¯nsâ k¦Â]§fpw ]ckv]c
hncp²amsW¶ tXm¶Â CtXmsS thcpdbv¡p¶p. Bß ]oV\¯neqsS t\SnsbSpt¡XmWp
Bßob temI tam£w F¶ [mcW IS¶p hcp¶p. ChnsS BßobXbpw `uXnIXbpw kwL«\¯nemhp¶p.
C\n A\pcRvP\¯nembm Xs¶ ]ecpsSbpw ho£W¯n BßobXbpsS hgn asäm¶mWv. \nXy
PohnXhpambn A[nIw _ÔanÃm¯ thdns«mcp hgn. AXp kzImcyamWv.
PohnXs¸cphgnbn \n¶p amdn Nnesc¦nepw {]bmkt¯msS IS¶p sNÃm³ {ian¡p¶
kzImcy hgn. ChnsS aXhpw a\pjysâ ]¨bmb PohnXhpw hgn ]ncnbp¶p. "ssZh¯n\pÅ
ssZh¯n\v, kokÀ¡pÅXv kokÀ¡v' F¶ hnIeamb sNmÃv Dd¨p t]mbX§s\bmWv. Fs´ms¡
]dªmepw km[mcW¡mcpsS þ AhtcXp aX hnizmknbmsW¦nepw þ a\Ên aXs¯¡pdn¨
k¦Â]w Ct¸mgpw C§s\bmWv. AXp sImp Xs¶ Bßob tam£¯n¶hÀ Nne NS§pIÄ amän
hbv¡p¶p. \nXy PohnX¯nse hyhlmc§Ä¡pw IÀa§Ä¡pw _ԧġpsam¶pw {]tXyI \n_Ô\Isfm
¶pw ImWp¶nÃ. Ds¦n Xs¶ AXp tIhew A\pIcW§fmWv. s]mcpfdnbm¯ BNmc§fpsS ]cnthjamWhbv¡v.
C¶p \nehnepÅ ]e aX§fpsSbpw
aXm\pbmbnIfpsSbpw AhØ CXmhmw. F¶m apl½Zv \_n (kz) {]t_m[\w sNbvX
Ckvemansâbpw AXn hnizkn¡p¶ apkvenwIfpsSbpw AhØ CXmtWm? apkvenwIÄ¡pw
C§s\bmhmtam? Kl\amb Nn´¡v ChnsS {]kànbpv. apl½Zv \_n (kz) sb ]Tnt¡Xv
CXn¶\nhmcyamWv. tIhesamcp P\\ acW dnt¸m À«pIfÃ, \_nbpsS PohnXw, Ne\§Ä,
ktµi§Ä kq£vaambn, ka{Kambn ]Tn¡Ww. hnizmkn AXn\p _m[yXs¸«ncn¡p¶p F¶
Imcy¯n kwibtabnÃ. Adnbnà F¶ HgnhpIgnhp ]dben¶p {]kànbnsöp Npcp¡w.
temI¯nse asämcp a\pjy\pw C{X
ka{Kambn ]Tn¡s¸«n«nÃ. \nco£n¡s¸«n«nÃ. ]IÀ¯s¸«n«nÃ. A\pIcn¡s¸«n«nÃ. `qan¡v
D]cnXe¯neqsS \S¡p¶ Hcp km[mcW a\pjy\mbpw Bßob temIhpambn kwhZn¡p¶
Hckm[mcW hyànXzambpw AhnSp¶p hnebncp¯s¸«p. BßobXsbbpw `uXnIXsbbpw ka\zbn¸n¨
{]hmNI\mWhnSp¶v. B ka\zb¯neqsS sFlnI PohnX¯nsâ kuJyhpw kwXr]vXnbpw A\p`h
thZyam¡ns¡mSp¡m³ Xncp\_n (kz) ¡p Ignªp. a\pjys\ am\pjnI Xe¯n \nÀ¯n
BßobXbpsS kmbqPyw \pIcp¶ A\nÀhN\obamb AhØbnte¡pbÀ¯nb AXyXv`pXamWp Xncp\_n
(kz) ImWn¨Xv. AXn\p amXrI kz´w PohnXw Xs¶bmbncp¶p. "Fsâ PohnXamsWsâ
ktµiw' F¶ AhImi hm¡pIfn s]mÅsbm¶pansöp sXfnbn¨ GI a\pjy\mWhnSp¶v.
AÃmlphnsâ ktµi¯nsâ `qanbnse {]XoIambncp¶p \_n. "Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS
kz`mhw JpÀB\mbncp¶p' F¶ ]Xv\n Bbnim (d) bpsS hm¡pIÄ CXn\p km£nbmWv. B
PohnX¯nsâ ka{KXbmWp lZokv.
Cu BapJt¯msS thWw "lZokpIfnse
kmaqlnIX' F¶ hnjbw ]cntim[n¡m³. "aXw hyàn]camWv. kzImcyXbmWv' Fs¶ms¡bpÅ
Nn´IÄ apIfnep²cn¨ [mcWIfpsS ASnØm\¯nemWp cq]w sImXv. apl½Zv \_n (kz)
{]t_m[\w sNbvX, PohnX¯neqsS amXrI ImWn¨ aXw Hcn¡epw kzImcyXbÃ.
hyànbne[njvTnXaÃ. ssZhhpambpÅ kzImcy CS]mSpaÃ. AXnse Hmtcm Awihpw
kmaqlyamWv. AtX kabw BßobamWv. tZhmeb¯n\I¯v, P\iq\yamb h\m´c¯nÂ, CcpfSª
KplIfn Bßob kmbqPyw tXSp¶Xv Cu aX¯n t{]mÕmln¡s¸Spt¶bnÃ. PohnX¯nse
Hmtcm IÀ½t¯mSpw _Ôt¯mSpw hyhlmct¯mSpw Nn´tbmSpw sshImcnI tNmZ\ItfmSpw
H«n\n¶p thWw tam£¯nsâ IhmS¯n ap«m³ F¶mWp XncpNcy ]Tn¸n¡p¶Xv. tIhew
Ae¦mcnIamb Hcp {]kvXmhaà CXv. Xncp\_n (kz) bpsS Ncy ]cntim[n¨mÂ,
lZokpIÄ ]cXnbm C¡mcyw hyàamhpw. PohnX kmlNcy§tfmSv, _Ô§tfmSv, kmaqly
{]Xn_²XtbmSv Iqdp ]peÀ¯m\mhiys¸Sp¶ lZokpIfmW[nIhpw. FÃm hgnIfpw
ASbpt¼mÄ am{Xta tIhesamcp Hfnt¨m«¯nsâ {]XoXnbpWÀ¯p¶ h\hmkw Bhiyambn
hcp¶pÅq. A§s\ h¶m Xs¶ PohnX¯n sâ ImXemb Awi§fneqsS t\SnsbSpt¡ ]pWy§Ä
AhÀ¡p \jvSamhp¶p F¶ kqN \ IqSn lZokpIÄ \ÂIp¶pv.
kmaqlnIimkv{Xw
(Sociology)
Fs¶mcp imkv{X hn`mKw DSseSp¡p¶Xn\p
]Xnaq¶p \qämp ap¼mWp AXy´w imkv{Xobamb Hcp kmaqlnI hyhØ Xncp\_n (kz)
{]tbmK¯n ImWn¨p sImSp¯Xv F¶ ImcytamÀ¡Ww. AXn kmtlmZcyapv.
IpSpw_apv, cmjv{SapWv, aäp kIe _Ô§fpapv. B[p\nI a\ximkv{XÚsct¸mepw
AÛpXs¸Sp¯pw hn[amWv Xncp\_n kapZmb¯nsâ {]iv\§sf \nÀ²mcWw sNbvXXv. ]cnlmc§Ä
\nÀtZin¨Xv. km´z\n¸n¨Xv. {]tNmZ\§Ä \ÂInbXv. kmaqlnI cmjv{Sob kw`h
hnImk§Ä hnebncp¯nbXv. PohnX¯n kam[m\hpw im´nbpw \ne\n¡m³,
IjvS¸mSpIfpw ZpcnX§fpw CÃmXm¡m³, kp`n£Xbpw sFizcyhpw IfnbmSm³, kvt\lhpw
kulrZhpw \ne \n¡m³ Bhiyamb D]tZi \nÀtZi§Ä Xncp\_n (kz) \ÂIn. AhbpsS ]qÀW
{]mtbmKnIX¡v tIhe `uXnIt\«§Ä am{XaÃ, imizXamb ]mc{XnI tam£hpw AhnSp¶p
hmKvZm\w sNbvXp. `uXnIm[njvTnX {]Xyb imkv{X§fpsS ]cnanXnbpw ]cmPbhpw
Cu BßobXbpsS A`mhamsW¶ Imcyw kmµÀ`nIamtbmÀ¡pI. kmaqlnIamb kpØnXn¡p
thn sN¿p¶ Hmtcm IÀa¯n\papÅ Cc« {]Xn^ew, ]ckyhpw clkyhpamb {]hÀ¯\§fnse
GIXzw, Bß kwXr]vXnsb¡pdn¨ hmKvZm\w XpS§nbh D¯a kaqls¯ hmÀs¯Sp¡p¶XnÂ
h¼n¨ hnPbw Xs¶bpm¡n. al¯mb ]cnhÀ¯\w krjvSn¨ XncpNcybnse, lZokpIfnse
GXm\pw DZmlcW§fp²cn¨v C¡mcyw hniIe\w sN¿mw:
hyàn kwkvIcW¯neqsS D¯a kaql
krjvSn F¶XmWv C¯cw lZokpIfpsS apJy e£yw. kaql¯nse Hmtcm hyàn¡pw Xsâ
D¯chmZnXzs¯¡pdn¨pw _m[yXsb¡pdn¨pw s]cpamä coXnIsf¡pdn¨pw kaql¯nÂ
hyànbpsS Øm\s¯¡pdn¨papÅ hyàamb Aht_m[w krjvSn¡m³ ]cym]vXamWv B NcyIÄ.
AtX kabw lZokpIfnse an¡ kwt_m[\bpw hyànItfmSmsW¦nepw ImetZimXoXambn
hnimeamb a\pjy kaqls¯ apgph³ ap¼n ImWp¶psh¶Xpw AXnsâ khntijXbmWv. Xsâ
ap¼nencn¡p¶ hyàntbmSmWv Xncp\_n kwkmcn¡p¶sX¦nepw hnimeamb kaql¯nse
Hmtcm hyànbpw ChnsS A`nkwt_m[nX\mWv F¶v Npcp¡w.
a®nemWp a\pjy³ Pohn¡p¶Xv.
ChnsSbpÅ hn`h§sf A\p`hn¨p sImmWh³ Pohnt¡Xv. ]mc{XnI PohnX¯nse kuJyw
tamln¨v ChnSps¯ PohnXw t¢i ]qÀWam¡p¶Xns\ dkq (kz) A\pIqen¨ncp¶nÃ. Hcp
kw`h¯n\pÅ {]XnIcW¯neqsS C¡mcyw hyàam¡p¶Xp ImWpI.
aq¶p kzlm_nIÄ \_n (kz) bpsS
PohnXNcysb¡pdn¨v AhnSps¯ `mcyamtcmSt\zjn¨p. "]m]§tf sN¿m¯ \_n (kz)
C{Xbpw Bcm[\IÄ \nÀÆln¡ps¶¦n \msa{X sN¿Ww.' AhÀ ]ckv]cw X§fpsS
t]mcmbvaIÄ ]¦ph¨p. Ahcn HcmÄ {]XnÚsbSp¯p. ""Rm \n\n cm{Xnapgph³ \nkvIcn¡pw''
asämcmÄ: ""Rms\Ãm Znhkhpw t\m¼\pjvTn¡pw. t\m¼p apdn¡pIbnÃ''. aq¶ma³:
""Rms\mcn¡epw hnhmlw Ign¡nÃ.'' CXdnª dkqensâ {]XnIcWan§s\ : ""AdnbpI,
AÃmlphmtW, Rm\mWp \n§fn Gäw `à³. ]t£, Rm³ {hXa\pjvTn¡pIbpw apdn¡pIbpw
sN¿p¶p. \nkvIcn¡pIbpw Dd§pIbpw sN¿p¶p. hnhmlw Ign¡p¶p. Fsâ Ncy CXmWv.
Cu Ncy Dt]£n¡p¶h³ Fsâ A\pbmbnbÃ.''
Bcm[\m IÀ½§fmsW¦nepw Xm§m³
h¿m¯ `mcw a\pjy³ t]tdXnÃ. Pohn¯nsâ BkzmZyXIfn A\phZ\obambXp `pPn¨psImp
Xs¶bmbncn¡Ww apt¼m«pÅ bm{X. AXn\p ]änb kmlNcyw krjvSn¡Ww. B kmlNcy
krjvSnbmWv lZokpIfneqsS sXfn ªp ImWp¶Xv.
lZokpIfnse \nÀt±i§Ä hyàn]chpw
kaql]chpapv. {]Xy£hpw ]tcm£hpapv. GXmbncp¶mepw D¯a kaql krjvSnbmWv
BXy´nI e£yw F¶p Is¯m³ {]bmkanÃ. PohnX¯nsâ Hmtcm taJesbbpw AXp hyàambn
]cmaÀin¡p¶p. NneXpam{Xw D²cn¡mw.
""CltemIw a[pcXchpw Ae¦mc
kar²hpamWv. AXn \n§sf AÃmlp {]Xn\n[nIfm¡n \nÝbn¨ncn¡p¶p. \n§sf´p sN¿p¶psh¶v
Ah³ ho£n¡p¶pv'' (apkvenw). ""kXy hnizmkn¡p kzicoc¯nepw k´m\¯nepw
k¼¯nepw ]co£Wapmbns¡mncn¡pw. Ahkm\w Ah³ ]m]clnX\mbn kzÀK¯n {]thin¡pw''(lZokv
lk³). sFlnI hn`h§fmWp k ´m\w, k¼¯v, BtcmKyapÅ icocw XpS§nbh. Ah
AhKWn¡m\Ã, AhbneqsS kzÀKw t\Sm\mWp {iant¡sX¶p hyàw. AsX§s\sb¶pw Xncp\_n
(kz) hniZoIcn¨p X¶n «pv.
|