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{]tXyI ^o

\_nZn\w

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lZokpw aZvl_pIfpw

\mev aZvl_pIfnepw kpn\v hncpambn ]eXpapsmWv Cs NnecpsS ]w. AXn\p ImcWambn Ah ]dbpXv kpns\ kw_np hniZamb ]T\hpw tiJcWhpw t{ImUoIcWhpsamw aZvl_ns CamapIv tijta \Snpq FmWv. Cu \ymbw ASnm\clnXhpw Akw_hpamWv. aZvl_ns CamapIsf Ipdnp AXbpw AhtcmSp hntcm[hpamWv CXv ImWnpXv. _nZvAns\Xncn ]dbp kpmWv Ch kppsImv hnhnpsXn \mep aZvl_pIfnepw, idCs eyv Hpw \ncm ]eXpapsmbn AhcpsS hmZns kwn]vXw. Cs\bmsWn aZvl_ns CamapIv hgnsSm Amlp \ncp]m[nIw Inpambncpn.

Hcp D]m[nbpw IqSmsX Amlphn\pw dkqen\pw A\pkcnm Bm]n Amlp AtX kq n Xs AtX ssienbn DepAwdn\v hgnsSm\pw Bm]npp.(kqdpnkmAv, 59 t\mpI)

Cu kqnse DepAwdv sImv hnh ^pJlmDw DeamDamsWv Xm_nCu ]WvVnX\mb A_p Benb (d) bn \nv C_v\p Pm_n (d) Xs X^vkodnepw (PmanD_bm, hm:,t]:88) Camw Zmancn (d) Xs kp\\n (hm:1, t] :40) epw \nthZ\w sNbvXnpv. CtX hymJym\w kzlm_ohcy\pw JpB hymJymXmfpsS t\Xmhpamb C_v\p Amkv (d) hn \nv lmInw (d) hpw apw \nthZ\w sNbvXXmbn "AZpdp akzq' hm:2, t]: 176  Dcnnpv.

Camw dmkn (d) Xs X^vkodpI_o hm:10 t]:144  FgpXpp: "DepAwdv sImv hnh icoAns \nbaf\pkcnv ^Xvh \Im IgnhphcmsWXmWv C_v\p Amkv (d) hn \nv kAve_o (d) DcnnpXv. CXv XsbmWv lk (d), flvlmv (d) XpSnbhcpsS ]hpw.

Camw dmkn (d) C{]Imcw XpScpp. Cdh tIhew ]WvVnXc. {]XypX, \nZm\imkv{X {Kfn "Alvep ln h AJvZv' (apPvXlnZpI) F A]c\man AdnbsSphcmWv. idCs Bbpw \ntcm[\hpw ]pdsSphnm ]WvVnXcn \np Cu hn`mKn\msX AlXbnmXn\m Ahv hgnsSm\mWv Amlp \n_nnpsXv \mw ]dbpp. ImcWw ap^n (JpB hymJymXmhv) aplnkv (lZokv ]WvVnX) apXInw (hnizmk {]amW ]WvVnX) XpSnbhscmpw tcJIfn \nv hn[nhnepIsf KthjWw sNbvXv I sm Ignhphtcm AXns ssien Adnbphtcm A.(X^vkodp dmkn 150/10)

Camw kpbqYn (d) bpsS hmpI ImWpI: ""JpB kqn ]d Dep Awdns hymJym\n ^pJlmAv, DeamAv XpSnb ]Z {]tbmKnpXp Xs apPvXlnZpIsf kw_nv am{XamsWXv Ghpadnbp ImcyamWv. ImcWw shdpw apJnZmbhs\ kw_nv ^Josltm Bensatm ]dbnsmWv {]amWw. CXv Iimkv{Xnepw AXns \nZm\fnepw hyamnbXmWv'' (^Xmhm kpbqYn hm:2, t]:125). DepAwdv sImv hnh KthjW]SpXzap apPvXlnZpI XsbmsWv JpB asddmcp kqn sXfnbnppv. Amlp ]dbpp: ""Ahv `bstbm \n`bstbm Ipdnp hImcyhpw DfhmIptm Ah AXv sImntLmjnpIbmWv. (AXn\v]Icw) B Imcys {]hmNIcntepw Ahcn \np DepAwdntepw Anncppshn KthjWtbmKycmb ]WvVnXm AXns hn[n Adnbpambncpp'' (\nkmAv :83). Cu kqns hymJym\n Camw dmkn (d) ]dbpp: ""AhpfhmIp {]iv\fpsS \nnX hn[nbdnbm {]kvXpX hn`mKntev {]iv\s hnpsImSpWsamWv Amlp Cu kqn \n_npXv. \nnX hn[n, tcJIfn hyamsSmXncnptmgmWv CXmhiyamIpXv. ImcWw hyambn {]Xn]mZn hnjbw KthjWneqsS Isp {]iv\aphnpn. BbXn\m Cs\bp kw`hhnImkv hn[n \nbnm Ignhnmh Ignhphsc kao]nWsamWv Amlp Bm]npXv.'' (dmkn hm:10, t]: 200) AXp sImmWv asddmcp kqn Amlp C{]Imcw Bm]nXv. ""\n AdnhnmhcmsWn AdnhphtcmSv tNmZnpI''. KthjWn\v Ignbmh AXn\v Ignbphsc A\pIcnWsamWv CXns hnhsbv PwD PhmanAv (hm: 2, t]: 383)  {]kvXmhnnpv. Cu ASnm\nemWv ta kqn ]d Adnhphsc sImv hnhnpXv apPvXlnZpIfmb ]WvVnXcmsWv C_v\pPco (d) Xs X^vkodn (hm:14, t]: 68)  {]kvXmhnXv.

Npcpn, idCs eyXoXambn Hcp aZvl_nepw bmsXmpw Xs ImWpIbn. Camw iAvdm\n (d) bpsS hmpI ImWpI: ""{]kvXpX ]WvVnXcpsS hmpIfn \npw Hpw Xs icoAns ASnm\ {]amWfn \nv GsXnepsamns\ Ahew_nmsX DmhpIbnsv Nnnp Bpw hyamIpw. ImcWw AhcpsS GsXmcp hmpw, Bbv, lZokv, Ak, kzlolmb Jnbmkv XpSnb GsXnepw Hntev aSnbnmsX hcn''(aokm hm:1, t]: 35).

Cu hniZoIcWa\pkcnv idCs tcJIfn \nv GsXnepsamns ]n_eaptXm Asn GsXnepsamns hym]vXnbn s]tXm BbnmsX aZvl_ns CamapIfn \nv HcmfpsSbpw Hc`n{]mbhpw DmhpIbnspw AXpsImv Xs B A`n{]mbsfmw kpn\v hnt[bamsWpw AXoXaspw hyambn.

Npcpn, Camans GsXnepsamc`n{]mbspdnv AXv kpn\v hncpamsWv JWvVnXambn AhImisSWsan {]kvXpX A`n{]mbw idCs Fm tcJIpw (JpB, lZokv, CPvamAv, hymamb Jnbmkv) ]qambn AXoXamsWpw Hnsbpw hytam ]tcmtam Bb bmsXmcp ]n_ehpanspw sXfnbnncnWw. AmsX idCs tcJIfn \nv hnaiI Isnb GsXnepsamnt\mSv Ah {KlnX\pkcnv hncpamsWv Ah\v t_m[ysXv sImmbn. Hcp Camans A`n{]mbw GsXnepw Hcp Bbnstbm lZoknstbm _mlymYhpambn FXncmsWv Ah {KlnpXv t]mse.

AXmbXv Camans GsXnepsamc`n{]mbspdnv AXv kpn\v hncpav ]dbm GsXnepsamcp tcJbpsS ]n_ew am{Xapmbm aXn. Fmddnsbpw ]n_eapmbnsmWsan. AtX kabw Hc`n{]mbw kpn\v hncpamWv sXfnbnm Cu tcJIfnsemnt\mSv hncpamsWv sXfnbnm t]mc. adnv Fm tcJIpw hncpamsWv Xs sXfnbnWw.

kzambn CXv sXfnbnm Ignnsn aZvl_ns CamapIfn GsXnepsamcmfpsSsbnepw h A`n{]mbhpw idCs Fm tcJIpw ]qambpw hncpamsWtm AXv ]nghmsWtm {]amWnI {Kfn \npt]mepw Dcnm hnaiIv IgnbnsXmWv bmYm Yyw.

\qddnAtXmfw efn aZvl_ns A`n{]mb kpn\v hncpambnpsv hna iI AhImisSpm AXnh kaYnp sXfnhv Nne lZokpI Dcnv AXns BibtmSv FXncmsWtm Asn C A`n{]mbw Cmen lZokpIv \ncmXmsWv Nne {Kfn {]kvXmhnnpstm am{XamIpp. AmsX B \qddnbXv efn \nv GsXnepsamcp esnepw idCs Fm tcJIpw ]qambpw hncpamsWv sXfnbnmt\m GsXnepsamcp {Kn sXfnbnXmbn Dcnmt\m Chv Ignbn.

Hcp hkvXp PohnbmsWhImisSm AXv PohnIfpsS C\fn \nv FsXnepsamns KWn s]XmsWv sXfnbnm am{Xw aXn. Fmddnsbpw KWns]XmsWv sXfnbnt ]ddq Fv Hcp _pnbpw ]dbn. Fm, AXv Pohnbsv AhImisSWsan PohnIfpsS C\fn \nv Hnsbpw KWn s]Xsv sXfnbnpI Xs thWw. AmsX C\fn NneXmb a\pjyKWns]Xstm atddm am{Xw sXfnbnm t]mc. kpns C\fn Hmb lZokn\v hncpambm `mKnIambnsnepw kpn\v hncpamsWv ]dpIqsS F adptNmZyw auVyamWv. ImcWw, Hcp hkvXp PohnIfpsS C\fnsemmb a\pjy KWns]Xsv hm `mKnIambnsnepw AXv Pohnbsv hmZnphs _pn F{X A]mcamWv. CXnsempw ]nSnansv ImWptm lZokns\ kw_npw kpsv ]dbpXv sIv kppIv hncpamsWv ]dbpXns hnh lZokpIv hncpamsWv XsbmsWv Cq hmZnp t\mpw. As\bmWv hmZsan cp Iqpahew_nm\p tcJI kzlolmb lZokpI am{XamsWv ]dtbnhcpw.

Camw iAvdm\n (d) ssiJp Ckveman \nv C{]Imcw Dcnpp. ""icoAns Fm tcJI sImpw Ah Dsmnp Ad_n `mjbpsS Fm {]tbmK sImpw AhbpsS DtiymY sImphcp hgnI sImpw \t]mse AdnbmsX Hcp apPvXlnZns A`n{]mbs XnfbpXpw ]nghntev tNpXpw \n kqnpI. ta {]kvXmhnXv {] Imcw tcJI apgph\mbn AdnbpIbpw Hcp Camans A`n{]mbn\p tcJ Ahbn Xosc FnmXncnpIbpw sNbvXm B A`n{]mbs \nv Xnfbm\hImiapv. ]t, FhnsS \nmWv \nXn\v km[npI? (aokm hm:1, t]: 30)

apJvXkzdp ^hmCZn an t]: 27  ]dbpp: ""apPvXlnZpIfmb CamapIfn \nv BcpsSsbnepw aZvl_ns\ Bt]nptXm CIgvptXm Bb ]cmai \n kqnpI. ImcWw AhcpsS amwk hnjapXmWv. Ahsc CIgvndbphcpsS Imcyn Amlp kzoIcn k{Zmbw FmhpadnbmhpXmWv. AXpsImv Xs AhcntesXnepw Hcp hy ntbtbm aZvl_nt\tbm Bt]nphs \miw AXn hnZqca.''

Camw imlv henpmlnlven (d) ]dbpp: Iimkv{X ]WvVnm I imkv{Xs AXns \nZm\a\pkcnv sInSptm Ahcpw AhcpsS apKmanIfpw ]cmain akvAeIfn \nv Hcp akvAev t]mepw Ah kpn \nv tcJ FnmXncpnn. dntmamcn \nv kzlm_n hnv t]mb apktem In Xosc apdnbm apkzntem Bb Hcp lZokmbn cnmw AXv. Asn (fCu^msWn t]mepw) \nthZI ]ccbpsS B[nIyw aqew ]cnKW\obambtXm Asn "lkt\m, kzlotlm' Bb ]ccIfneqsS kzlm_nIfntev sNv apptXm Bb auJq^mb lZokmbncnmw AXv. Asn Jpe^mDdminZpI, apkvenw cmPyfnse addp Jmfnam XpSnbhcpsS AkdpItfm Asn addp tcJbpsS Xm]cytam kqN\tbm AXns hym]vXnbn \nv KthjWw sNbvXtXm BImw tcJ. AXpsImv Xs Cu hgnbneqsS Nnnptm kpn\\pkcnv Aa sNm Amlp Ahv Ffpamn smSpncnpIbmWv (lppm ln _menK: 432/1).

Npcpn kpns hym]vXnbn \nv apPvXlnZmb GsXmcp Camansbpw Hc`n{]mbw t]mepw ]pdv t]mIpn. ]t, Nnetm Nne lZokpIv FXncmbn Ah A`n{]mbsXmbn ImWmw. CXv kpn\v hncpa. {]XypX, B lZokns Bibw Ah ssIhnSpXn\v Ahv ImcWfpmImw.

C_v\p ssXan Xs "d^vD aeman' ]dbpp. CamapIfn \nv BcpsSsbnepw h A`n{]mbn\psaXncn Hcp kzlolmb lZokv Isnsbncns. Fn {]kvXpX lZokns\ B Camw kzoIcnmXncnm XnIpw {]Xn_fpmIpw. As\bp {]Xn_ aqv C\fn \nn]vXamWv. Hv: \_n (kz) As\ ]dpshv hnizmkw hcmXncnpI. (B Camantev lZosknb \nthZI ]ccbpsS Zu_eyamImw AXn\v ImcWw) cv: {]kvXpX lZokn {]Xn]mZnXv B hnjbs kw_nmsWv hnizmkw hcmXncnpI. (hnjbw hyamImXncnpIbpw asddmcmibw Dtinm km[yXbpmhpIbpw sNptmgmWv C{]Imcw kw`hnpI.) aqv: lZokpI Dsm Bibw \nba{]m_eyanm (akqJv) XmsWv hnizknpI. (CXnsXncn \n_\sbmXpw CXns\ Zpeamp (\mknJv) Xpamb asddmcp lZokv IsnbXmWv CXnv ImcWw.) Cu aqn\w {]Xn_pw \nch[n imJIfpv.

Hmas {]Xn_w hniZoIcnpsImv C_v\p ssXan: Xs ]dbpp: ""(kzoImcyamw hn[w) lZokv Camantev FmXncpm AXns Xm]cyw Adnncn Camans _m[yXb. Atm ]ns Bbv, asddmcp lZokv, Jnbmkv, CkvXnkzvlm_v XpSnbhbpsS XmXv]cya\pkcnmImw B Camw A`n{]mb {]IS\w \SnbXv. {]kvXpX A`n{]mbw Nnetm lZokns BibtmSv tbmPnpItbm hntbmPnpItbm sNmw. Nne lZokpIsXncmbn ke^p kvkzmenlpIfpsS A`n{]mb ImWpXv A[nIhpw Cu {]Xn_a\pkcnmWv'' (d^vD aemw t]Pv 10).

C_v\p ssXan: Xs hopw ]dbpp. ""lZokns XmXv]cya\pkcnv Aa sNmXncnpXn (apPvXlnZmb) ]WvVnXs ASp Ahew_amb tcJbpmImw. ]t, B tcJ FmsWv \apdnbWsan. ImcWw Adnhns Anhmcw AXnhn]peas{X. (apPvXlnZpIfmb) ]WvVnXmcpsS lrZbfnephsbmw \apdnbpI km[ya. (apPvXlnZmb) ]WvVnX Atlns tcJ CXmsWv Nnetm hyamntbmw. addp Nnetm hyampIbpan. hyamnbm Xs B tcJ \fntesmw. Fnbnspw hcmw. B tcJ \ntesnbm Xs B tcJbn (apPvXlnZmb) ]WvVnX eyw ]nSn m\w CXmsWv Adnbmw, AdnbmXncnmw.''

""bYmYn Atlns sXfnhv kXykamhs, BhmXncns. Cs\sbmsbmImsav shmepw kzlolmb lZokns shfnn eyw hyambXpw ]WvVnXcn Hcp hn`mKns\nepw tbmPnpXpamb Hcp A`n{]mbn \nv hyXnNenpsImv asddmcp ]WvVnXs A`n{]mbs Ahew_np IqS. Atlw IqSpX ]mWvVnXyap Bfmbncpm t]mepw. Hmw A`n{]mbns tcJsb s]mfnm am{Xw {]m_eyap asddmcp tcJ Cu ]WvVnXs ASp Dmsbp hcmw'' (d^vD aemw, t]: 33).

Npcpn Nne BbpIfpsStbm lZokpIfptStbm _mlyw am{Xw Ahew_nv KthjW]Spfpw apKmanIfpamb ]WvVnXmcpsS A`n{]mb eyv \ncmXmsWv ]dv Ahsc hnainpXv hya. CPvXnlmZnlXbnmhcpw kpNnX a\xnXnmcpw am {XamWv C{]Imcw Bt]npXv. hnime a\kvcmb apPvXlnZpIfmb ]WvVnXmcn Bcpw Bscbpw Bt]npXv IspI km[ya. AXpsImv Xs CPvXnlmZnlXbnmh JpB BbpI, lZokpI Fnh aptJ\ eyw ]nSnpXv Xs A]ISIcamWv. Camw kpbqYn (d) ]dbpXv ImWpI: ""lZokpIfn AKm[ ]mWvVnXyanmh JpB BbpI sImv eyw ]nSnpXv Bcyw Xs. hniZoIcWanmXpw AhyambXpw ]e AYn\pw km[yXbpXpamb ]cmai JpB\nepsXv AdnbsXmWv. AXpsImv Xs {]kvXpX ]cmaisf bYm{Iaw hniZoIcnpXpw \nPsSppXpw Dn Bibw CXmsWv hyampXpamb lZokpIfntemhiyw t\cnSpp.''

Camw kqbpYn (d) Xs ]dbs: ""addp {]XnIqe tcJIfptm Fsmpw t\mmsX JpB BbpI sImp eyw ]nSn Bcyapfhmpp. B BbpIfpsS _mlymYw Dtiyasv hcpp addp tcJIfptm Fpt]mepw Ah Nnnpn. \nbambpw \nZm\imkv{X ]WvVnXm JpB BbpI sImtqw lZokpI sImqw eyw ]nSnp apPvXlnZns \n_ _m[yXbmbn FnbXv Xs B BbpIpw lZokpIpw addpw {]XnIqe tcJIfptm Fv Iqeiambn At\zjnepw Dsn AXn\v adp]Sn IsepamWv. AXn\m ]cnKWnstS \n_\Isfmpw IWnseSpmsXbpw NnnmsXbpap eymhew_w Bt]ItcmsSmnv Ch\pw Bt]I\mIm\p hgnbmWv. AXpsImv Xs Amlphns\ kw_nv Cu a\pjy\v ebpmbncppshn Xs m\pXs Ah \npambncpp. XJveoZpw eymhew_s AXnlcmbhv hnpsImSpepamWv Ahs ]Zhn. Amlp C{]Imcw ]dp: ""Ah Xhnjbs {]hmNI\ntepw Ahcn \np Dep Awdntepw Anncppshn Ahcn \npap KthjW tbmKycmb ]WvVnXm AXns hn[n Ispambncpp. Cu kqn ]d DepAwdv sImv hnh apPvXlnZpIfmb ]WvVnXcs{X. CXmWv C_v\p Amkv (d), Pm_ndp_v\p A_vZp (d), apPmlnZv (d), A_p Benb (d), Ckvlmv (d) XpSnbhcpsSbpw addp ] WvVnXmcpsSbpw A`n{]mbw''. (^Xzmh: kpbq^n 124, 125/2)

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