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{]tXyI ^o

\_nZn\w

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lZokpI ASbmfsSpnbXv

lnPvd‏x ]mw hjw Zplnx amkw, Ad^m Zn\n lp hnZmCse \_nbpsS {]kwKn XSnpIqSnb en ]cw A\pbmbnItfmSv \_n (kz) ]dp: ""Rm \n fpsS ] cp Imcy G]npp, Ah apdpsI ]nSnp ]w \n hgn]ngpIbn; Amlphns {Khpw Ahs ZqXs NcyIfpamWh.'' JpB\pw, kppamWv \_n DtinXv. Ckvemans ASnm\ {]amWamWv JpB. JpBs hniZoIcWamWv kpv. kpv FXv lZokns ]cymbamsWv ]dbmw. lZokv IqSmsX JpB {KlnpI kmya.

lZokv Fm

\_nbpsS hmpIsfbpw, {]hrnIsfbpw au\m\phmZsfbpamWv lZokv Fv ]dbpXv. Amlp \_nv JpB AhXcnnpIbpw, hmpIfneqsSbpw, {]hrnIfneqsSbpw Ah A\pbmbnIv hniZoIcnv sImSpm Bm]npIbpw sNbvXp. \_nbpsS I]\Ifpw, {]h\fpw A]w t]mepw sXddmsX A\pbmbnI AXnkqvaXtbmsS PohnXn ]IpIbpmbn. Ah \_nsb Acnepw, AYnepw A\pkcnpshXmWv hkvXpX. \_nsb A\pkcnp Imcyn XfpsS bpnv t]mepw Ah m\w I]nncpn.. Hcn Aen (d) IpXncpdv Ccpv ]pncnpXmbn ImWsp. ImcWw Bcmtm \_n B ev hv IpXncpdv Ccpv ]pncnXv Atlw IncppshmWv adp]Sn ]dXv. \_nsb Ccn kzlm_nI A\pIcnncpXmbn Ncn{Xw tcJsSppp. \_ntbmSv Ahpmbncp BZchpw, kvt\lhpambncpp CXn\p {]tNmZ\w. AXvsImv \_nsb Ah kqWambn A\pkcnpIbpw, Hmtcmhmpw Hmabn kqnpIbpw, {]hrnbn sImphcnIbpw sNbvXp.

\_nsb hnp]ncnbmsX Hw \Sncp kzlm_nI hgnbmbn \_nbpsS s]mXpPohnXw Hcp Xpd ]pkvXIwt]mse temIn\v e`np. AXv t]mses \_nbpsS KmlnI PohnXw AhnSps ]Xv\namcneqsSbpw, ]p{Xn ^mXnabneqsSbpw, Ddd an{XfneqsSbpw _mlytemIn\v e`np.

lZokpw Fgppw

BZyImev lZokpI FgpXn hbvpXns\ \_n (kz) hnenbncpp. JpB\pw lZokpw IqSnecmXncnm\mbnp As\ sNbvXncpXv. ]noSv Cu \nb{Ww \_n \onbtXmsS lZokpI kzlm_nI FgpXn kqnm XpSn. Hcn A_vZpmln_v\p Da \_nsb kao]nv lZokv tcJsSpnhbvm kXw tNmZnp; \_n AXn\v kXw \IpIbpw sNbvXp. Cmcyw kzlolp _pJmcn dntmv sNbvXnpv. CXvt]mse A_qlpssddx (d), C_v\p Amkv (d) t]msebp kmccmb addp kzlm_nIfpw sNbvXphp. ""Fs hN\w tIpIbpw, AXv a\:]mTampIbpw, {]NcnnpIbpw sNpXn Amlphns kwXr]vXnbpmIpsa'' \_nbpsS {]kvXmh\ lZokv tiJcnpXnepw, FgpXn kqnpXnepw, Ah addphv ]dp sImSpv ]TnnpXnepw kzlm_nIv Gsd {]tNmZ\w \IpIbpmbn.

_pJmcnv apv lZokpI {Kcq]n Bcpw t{ImUoIcnncpn Fv Nne bqtdm]y FgppIm A`n{]mbsnpv. Fm {]kn Cwojv FgppImc\mbncp kv{]n Cu hmZKXn sXddmsWv hyamnbnpvv. \_n (kz) bpsS PohnXs hnai\ _pntbmsS hniIe\w sNbvX Atlw FgpXpp: ""\_nhN\ lnPvdx Hmw \qddmn FgpXn kqnncpnspw Ah kzlm_nam a\:]mTamn hbvpI am{XamWpmbsXpw s]mXp sh [mcWbpv. lk\m, "Atlw \apv ]dpXp' Fv lZokpIv apnep {]tbmKw Iv bqtdm]y ]WvVnXm _pJmcnbnep Hcp lZokpw AXn\v apv Bcpw FgpXn kqnnn Fv sXddncnncnpp..... Fm CXv A_amWv. C_v\p Awdpw, addp kzlm_nIfpw \_nhN\ FgpXn kqnncppshXmWv hkvXpX. ]nmem Cu amXrI ]npScpIbmWv sNbvXXv.'' (tPW Hm^v Zn Gjymddnv skmsskddn Hm^v _w Km, I, hmfyw 25, t]Pv 303).

lnPvd 65 \ncymX\mb A_vZpmln_v\p Awdp_v\p Bkzn kmc\mb kzlm_nbmbncpp. lZokpI FgpXnshm \_n Atln\v kXw sImSppIbpw, Atlw FgpXn ]pkvXIamn kqnpIbpw sNbvXp. Atlns B ]pkvXIw ""Azlo^pzmZnJ'' F t]cn {]knamWv. A_vZpmln_v\p Da Cu ]pkvXIw Hcp s]nbnenv ]qn `{Zambn kqnncpXmbn "apkv\Zp AlvaZn' tcJsSpnbnpv. Atlns Imetijw a AXv `{Zambn kqnncpp. CXn Bbncw lZokpI tcJsSpnbncppshv {]kn lZokv ]WvVnX\mbncp C_v\p Ako "DkvZp Km_xbn' ]dnpv. Camw AlvaZns apkv\Zn Cu lZokpI apgph\pw tcJsSpnbnpv.

CXvt]mse sNdpXpw hepXpamb ]e lZokv tiJcfpw ]e kzlm_namcpsSbpw ssIhiw Dmbncpp. lnPvdx 40  131 Imev Pohn lpamap_v\p ap\lv A_qlpssddx (d) bn \nv tIp ]Tn lZokpIsfmw Hcp ]pkvXI cq]nemnshp. B ]pkvXIn\v Atlw \Inb t]cv ""Azlo^pzlol'' FmWv. Cu ]pkvXIn 138 lZokpItf Dmbncppq. Aen (d) hpw lZokv FgpXn ]pkvXIamnbncpXmbn tcJbpv. As\ \_nbpsS PohnXImev Xs lZokpI FgpXn ]pkvXI cq]n kqnXmbn sXfnbpp.

Fm \_n Pohnncptm lZokpI FgpXn kqntXv Hcp ASnbnc Bhiyambncpn. ImcWw A\pbmbnIv h hnjbnepw h kwibhpw Dmbm DSs\s \_nsbv {]iv\ \nhmcWw tXSm\p kuIcyapmbncpp. am{Xhpa kzlm_nIv Xs ]ckv]cw tNmZnpw kwib \nhmcWw \Smambncpp. Hcp hnjbn hyXykvXm`n{]mbw Bscnepw {]ISnnm DSs\ \_nsb kao]nv bYmY hn[n Ahv a\nemmambncpp.

kthm]cn an kzlm_namcpw lZokv a\:]mTamnbncpp. Fmhcpw kmccmbncpnsXv Hcp bmYYyamWv. a\mbncpp AhcpsS {][m\ kqnp tI{w. Fm \_n h^mXmhpIbpw, kzlm_nI CkvemanI km{amPyns hnhn[ `mKfn XmaknpIbpw sNbvXtXmsS lZokpI tiJcnv {KamtXns BhiyIX hnp. [mcmfw lZokpI lrZnamnbncp kzlm_nI acWstXmsS lZokv ]nImemv \jvSsSpsa kmlNcyw Dfhmbn. AXn\pw ]pdsa Dkvam (d) s Jnem^Xv Imev Xs km{amPyns hnhn[`mKfn Ipg Ipnsmm X]c InI {ianpIbpw, XfpsS hmZ m]nm\p {ian Ah hymP lZokpI Dmm XpSpIbpw sNbvXp. ""Hcp \_nbpw ]nKmansb \ntbmKnnmsX acWsnn. Xs ]nKmanbmbn Aensb \ntbmKnpsImmWv aplZv \_n CltemIhmkw shSnXv'' Fv ]dp sImv \_nbpsS t]cn I lZokv sInbpmm {ian BZys hynbmWv A_vZpmln_v\p k_Av. JhmcnPpIfpw, ioCIfpw DSseSptXmsS hymP lZokpI hnm XpSn. Cu ]mmen ]nImemv thn \_nbpsS lZokpI tiJcnp DNnXamb tXmXn ]pkvXI cq]nemm Daho Jeo^bmbncp Dadp_v\p A_vZn Akokv (acWw F.Un 720) Dchnp. As\ t{ImUoIrXamb Hmas lZokv {Kw d_oD_v\p k_olbptSXmsWmWp Ncn{Xw ]dbpXv.

"Fspdnv a\:]qw hymP {]kvXmh\ sNphs CcnnSw \cIamsW' \_nbpsS {]kvXmh\ lZokn ambw IecmsX kqnm `nSbn Gsd kzm[o\w sNepnsbnepw m]nX Xm]cym I lZokv \namWn \nv ]nncnn. hymP lZokv \namWw hyhkmbhcnsp Fv hcpnom ""_ Xnh kzKn ISp'' sav \_n ]dXmbn sIndpmn. I]nX lZokpIfn \nv icnbmbh XncsSppI FXv lZokv ]WvVnXmsc kw_ntStmfw AXyw {iaIcamb tPmenbmbnop. AhcpsS ITn\mzm\ ^eambn I lZokpIsfbpw, Idntmamscbpw Ah Xncndnp. aZo\bnse C_v\p A_oblvb, _KvZmZnse A hmJnZn, Jpdmkm\nse apJvZXp_v\p kew, kndnbbnse aplZp_v\p kbvZv XpSnbh Ip{]kncmb I lZokv \nmXmfmbncpp. lZokv tiJcfn \nv I lZokpIsf \ow sNm lZokv ]WvVnXm ISp \n_\I hbvpIbpmbn. HmaXmbn `cpw, kXy kcpamb BfpIfn \nv am{Xta Ah lZokv kzoIcnncppq. lZokv Dcnpbm PohnXn Hcp sNdphogvN t]mepw hcppbmfmWv Fv Adnm Ah lZokv kzoIcnn cpn. HIs Xfbv m\mbn `WamsW an ]m{Xw ImWnv ]ddnpsh t]cn, Hcm dntmv sNbvX lZokv Camw _pJmcn Abmfn \nv kzoIcnp Ibpmbn. Ckv\mZpw (\nthZIcpsS ]cc) aXv\pw (lZokns DSw) IpddaddXmsWv t_mysm am{Xta lZokv ]WvVnXm lZokv kzoIcnn cppq; AXn\v thn \nthZ\ ]ccbn hcp BfpIfpsS PohNcn{Xw tiJcnv Ah Iiamb ]T\n\v hnt[bamn. ""AkvamD dnPm'' F t]cn lZokv dntmamcpsS PohNcn{Xw Xs Ah Xmdmn. \nthZIcn {]hmNI hscbp Hmtcmcpcpw, kXynepw, `nbnepw, kz`mhnepw kp{]kncmbncpnsn B lZokpIsf DX\nehmcap, kzoImcytbmKyamb lZokpIfmbn IWmnbncpn. JpBs XXzv hncpamb Hcp lZokpw kzoIcnsncpn. k\Zpw aXv\pw hnebncpn lZokpIsf hnai\ ]T\n\v hnt[bamn hyXykvX s{KbnUpIfmbn lZokv \ncq]Im XcwXncnp.

lZokpIfpsS hn`P\w

lZokpIsf samn Juen, ^nAven, XJvcocn Fns\ Xcw Xncnnpv. \_nbpsS {]kvXmh\Isf Juensbpw, {]h\sf ^nAvensbpw, au\m\phmZs XJvcocnsbpw ]dbpp. lZokpIsf \_hn, JpZpkn Fns\ cmbpw Xcw Xncnnpv. \_nv JpB\n\v ]pdsa e`n hlvbpIsf JpZpknbmb lZokv FmWv ]dbpI. Hcp]mSv t] \nthZ\w sNbvX lZokpIsf apXhmXn Fpw, Hddbm am{Xw dntmv sNbvX lZokpIsf BlmZv (Htm ctm t]tcm Asn Hcp sImpkwLtam \nthZ\w sNbvXmepw ZrVm\w e`np kwJym _eanmXp sImv AXns\ms BlmZv Fp Xs ]dbpp.) Fpw ]dbpp. apXhmXndmb lZokpI hnizmk tbmKyfmWv. Fm BlmZv lZokpI Ii\amb hnai\ _pym hniIe\w sNbvXtijw am{XamWv kzoImcytam, AkzoImcytam Fv hn[nsbgpXpI. Cs\ BlmZv lZokpIsf kzlolv (icnbmbXv), lk (\Xv), fCu^v (_elo\w), aufqAv( I]nXw) Fns\ \membn Xcw Xncnnpv. HmatXv kkzoImcyhpw, cmatXv kzoImcyhpw, aqmatXv Zpehpw, \mematXv hymPhpamWv.

Hcp hnjbspdnp hn[n {]kvXmhn fCu^v lZokv {]amWambn kzoIcnpX. Ay \nthZI apX \_nhscbp \nthZI ]ccbn Ckv\mZv AhnOnambn \nesImpIbpw, \nthZIcn HmtcmcpcpsSbpw PohNcn{Xw IpddaddXmhpIbpw sNbvXm am{Xta B lZokv kzlolmbn IWmsSpIbpq. kzlolmb lZokpIsfs hnhn[ s{KbnUpIfmbn Xncnnpv. _pJmcnbpw, apkvenapw tcJsSpnbnp lZokpIsf k kzoImcyfmbn Fpp. Chsb "ap^Jp Asseln' Fv ]dbpp. CXv Hmw s{KbnUnep kzlolpIfmWv. _pJmcn am{Xw dntmv sNbvXXv cmw s{KbnUpw, apkvenw am{Xw \nthZ\w sNbv XXv aqmw s{KbnUpambpw, addph dntmv sNbvXXns\ AXn\v Xmsgbp s{KbnUpIfmbpw Fpp.

lk F C\ns lZokpIfpw {]amWtbmKyfmWv. \nthZIcn Nnd ]mInghpI Fsnepw Btcm]nsnpsn B lZokpIsf lk Ft ]dbq. \nthZI irwJebn Inhnpt]mhpItbm, \nthZIv \yq\XIfpsv Ddv hcpItbm sNbvXm Acw lZokpIsf fCu^v Fv ]dbpp. \nthZI ]ccbn hnizkvXcmh ISpIqSnbm B lZokpI aufqAv AYhm hymP \nanXfmbn IWmsSpw.

BlmZv lZokpIsf, aivlq, Akokv, apkzn, a^qAv, Kco_v, apAJv, apk, apJXznAv, apA, aXvdqIv, apI, imv, auJq^v XpSnb \nebnepw Xcw Xncnnpv. Chbn aivlq, Akokv, apkzn, a^qDv Fnh kzoImcy tbmKyfpw, addph \yq\XIfphbpamWv. tbmKymcmb ]ecpw dntmv sNbvX lZokpIv hncpambn tbmKy\mb Hcmam{Xw dntmv sNbvX lZokns\bmWv imv F C\n DsSpnbnpXv. \nthZI ]cc {]hmNIs kzlm_nam hsc Fn \np lZokmWv auJq^v. \_nbn \nv tI kzlm_n Bscv hyasn AXns\ apk Fv ]dbpp.

\_nbpsS Imev Xs lZokv Fgppw {K cN\bpw \Ssnepw, hyhm]nXamb coXnbn NntbmsS {KcN\ \SpXv Da_v\p A_vZn Akokns DcthmsSbmWv. Ccw {Kfn FSpp]dbXmWv Camw amenns "aphXz'. cmbnctmfw lZokpIfmWv CXnepXv. ]Xn\mbncw lZokpIfn \nmWv Ch XncsSpnpXv. Jeo^x akzqdns ImemWv aphXzbpsS cN\ \SXv. ln{Px 136mw hjamWv akzq Jeo^bmIpXv. Camw AlvaZp_v\p l (d) {]kn\mb aplnkmbncpp. eWn\v lZokpI a\x]mTapmbncp Atlw hnJymXamb "apkv\Zp AlvaZn's cNbnXmhmWv. AhmJnZn, A_q\m^nD ba\n, A_vZpmln_v\plIw, blvb_v\p apCu, Camw Zmcnan Fnhcpw lZokv {KfpsS cNbnXmfmWv. _pJmcn, apkvenw, A_qZmhqZv, XnaZn, C_v\pamPx, \kmCu Fnh cNn lZokv {KfmWv Gsd AwKoIrXw. Chsb "kznlmlpnx' Fv ]dbpp. Chv tijw ZmdJpXz\n, ss_lJn Fnhcpw lZokpI tiJcnv {KcN\ \Snbhcn {]apJcmWv.

hnip JpB\v tijw Gddhpw t{ijvTamb {Kambn IWmsSpXv kzlolp _pJmcnbmWv. Bdp ew lZokpIfn 7275 Fw am{XamWv _pJmcnbn tNnpXv. aqpew lZokpI tiJcn apkvenw 9200 lZokpI am{XamWv Xs {Kn DsImnnpXv. Apew lZokpI tiJcn A_qZmhpZv Xs kp\\n 4800 FamWv DsImnXv. Fm CXnssbmsbYw addp lZokpI hnizmktbmKyambncpn F, Htc aXv\p lZokpI ]e dntmamcn \nv htm Bh\w HgnhmnbXv sImmWv Fw Ipdv t]mbXv FmWv {]_eamb A`n{]mbw.

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