J_À knbmd¯v

Camw \hhn(d) ]dbp¶p: J_À knbmd¯v kp¶¯msW¶p ]WvVnXtemI¯nsâ CPvamD­v (idlp apkvenw 1/314). acWkvacW DWÀ¯pIbpw ]mc{XnI PohnXs¯ ¡pdn¨p ASn¡Sn HmÀ½s¸Sp¯pIbpamWv J_vdv knbmd¯psIm­v apJyambpw Dt±in¡p¶Xv. A¼nbm¡Ä, iplZm¡Ä, Huenbm¡Ä, kzmenlo§Ä XpS§nbhcpsS J_vdv knbmd¯psIm­v _dIs¯Sp¡Â IqSn e£yam¡p¶p. X\n¡pth­nbpw ]tcXmßm¡Ä¡pth­nbpw {]mÀYn¡pI, alm·msc ap³\ndp¯n {]mÀYn¡pI F¶nhbpw knbmd¯p sIm­pt±in¡p¶p­v. J_vdv knbmd¯v kp¶¯msW¶p ^nJvln sâ {KÙ§Ä an¡hbpw GtIm]n¨v A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p

(iÀhm\n 3/200, apán 97).

ZoÀLImew H¶n¨p Ignª kvt\l`mP\§fmWv Ct¸mÄ J_vdn InS¡p¶Xv. \mw A\p`hn¡p¶ k¼¯pw kuIcy§fpw Øm\am\§fpw AhÀ aptJ\ t\SnbXmhmw. acn¨pIgnbp¶tXmsS DähcpambpÅ \½psS _Ôw apdnbp¶nÃ. a\pjy³ acn¡p¶tXmsS FÃmw XoÀ¶p F¶p \mw hnizkn¡p¶nÃ. acn¨hÀ¡pth­nbpÅ Zm\[À½§fpw {]mÀY\Ifpw aäp kXvIÀ½§fpw ^e{]ZamsW¶pw AhÀ¡pth­n

Pohn¨ncn¡p¶hÀ sN¿p¶ kXvIÀ½§fpsS {]Xn^ew AhcpsS J_vdn e`n¨psIm­ncn¡psa¶pw \nch[n lZokpIÄ sIm­v Øncs¸«XmWv. J_vdn¶Sp¯pIqsS t]mIp¶hsc J_dmfnIÄ ImWpsa¶pw AhcpsS keman¶p {]Xyp¯cw sN¿psa ¶pw lZoknep­v. ]n³KmanIÄ Xs¶ AhKWn¡p¶Xv ImWpt¼mÄ ]tcXmßm¡Ä hne]n¡pw.

A]cnNnXsct¸mse Xsâ J_vdn¶Sp¯pIqsS \S¶pt]mIp¶hsc ]än Hcp ]tcXmßmhv hne]n¡p¶XmWv ]qÀhnI kq^nIfn HcmfpsS Cu IhnX. Fsâ kz´¡mÀ A]cnNnXsct¸mse Fsâ J_vdn¶Sp¯pIqsS \S¶pt]mIp¶p. Fs¶ Adnª `mhanÃmsX. Fsâ kz¯p¡Ä A\´csaSp¯hÀ Fsâ IS§Ä XoÀ¡p¶Xn ipjvIm´n ImWn¡p¶nÃtÃm..... F¶n§s\bmWv J_vdn \n¶pÅ tcmZ\w.

ivaim\¯nte¡p sN¶m Xmsg ]dbpw {]Imcw {]mÀYn¡m³ \_n(kz) ]Tn¸n¨Xmbn _pssdZ(d) bn \n¶v apkvenw(d) \nthZ\w sN¿p¶p.

A_qlpdbvd(d) ]dbp¶p. HcmÄ Xsâ kvt\lnXsâ J_vdn¶Sp¯pIqsS bm{XsN¿pIbpw kemw ]dbpIbpw sNbvXm ]tcXmßmhv Bsf Xncn¨dnbpIbpw kemw aS¡pIbpw sN¿pw. A]cnNnX\msW¦nepw kemw aS¡pw F¶p \_n(kz) ]dbp¶Xmbn Rm³ tI«p. J_vdmfn Gähpw IqSpX kt´mjn¡p¶Xv Xsâ DähÀ h¶p knbmd¯p sN¿pt¼mgmsW¶p asämcp lZokn ImWmw. DähcpsS kµÀi\w AhÀ¡p t\ct¼m¡mbncn¡pw.

J_vdv knbmd¯v sN¿p¶Xpw J_vdnsâ Alven\p kemw ]dbp¶Xpw JpÀB³ HmXn ZpB sN¿p¶Xpw kp¶¯mWv (an³lmPv). J_vdpIfpsS kao]¯pIqsS \S¶pt]mIp¶hÀ ]Xns\m¶p XhW kqd¯p CJvemkzv HmXn ]tcXmßmhpIÄ¡pth­n lZvb sNbvXm J_vdvØm\n ads]«p InS¡p¶hcpsS F®a\pkcn¨v HmXnb hyàn¡pw {]Xn^ew e`n¡psa¶v \_n(kz) ]dªXmbn Aen(d)bn \n¶v ZmdJpXzv\n \nthZ\w sNbvXp ImWmw. J_vdv knbmd¯v thfbn JpÀB³ HmXn ZpB sNbvXm AXp kXyhnizmknbpsS in]mÀibmbn ]cnKWn¡s¸Spsa¶p dkq (kz) ]dªXmbn idlpÊzp±qÀ (t]Pv 130) tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«p­v.

acn¨hcpsS ta \n§Ä bmko³ kqdx HmXpI F¶ AlvaZv(d)sâ \nthZ\¯nepÅ lZoknsâ hym]vXnbn J_vdn\Sp¯p sh¨pÅ JpÀB³ ]mcmbWhpw s]Spsa¶v ]WvVnX·mÀ A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p.

hnhmZw th­

J_vdv knbmd¯v hnhmZ hnjbambXp Nne sXän²mcWIÄ aqeamWv. _pJmcnbpw apkvenapw \nthZ\w sNbvX {]kn²amb Hcp lZoknÂ

F¶p ImWmw. akvPnZp ldmw, akvPnZp AJvkzm, akvPnZp¶_hn F¶o ]ÅnIfnte¡ÃmsX hml\bm{X kwLSn¸n¡cpXv F¶mWo lZoknsâ XmXv]cyw. J_vdv kn bmd¯Ã lZoknse hnjbsa¶p Hät\m«¯nte a\Ênem¡mhp¶tXbpÅq. ta ]dª aq¶p ]ÅnIfn sh¨p \nkvIcn¡p¶Xn\p hfsctbsd ]pWyaps­¶p aäp lZokpIÄ sIm­p Øncs¸« ImcyamWv. Cu aq¶p ]ÅnIÄ HgnsI temI¯pÅ FÃm ]ÅnIÄ¡pw Htc alXzamWv. sNdpXmhs«, hepXmhs«, ]gbXmhs«, ]pXnbXmhs« alXz¯n\p amäanÃ. ]Ånbn sh¨p \nkvIcn¡mt\m CAvXnIm^v A\pjvTn¡mt\m t\À¨bm¡nb HcmÄ¡p GXp ]Ånbn sh¨pw AXp \nÀhln¡mw. ASp¯p ]Ånbp­mbncnt¡ ZqscbpÅ ]Ånbnte¡p t]mIp¶Xns\bmWp hne¡nbncn¡p¶Xv. hniz{]kn²amb aq¶p ]ÅnIÄ HgnsIbpÅ FÃm ]ÅnIÄ¡pw Htc alXzamsW¦n ]ns¶´n\p ]mgvNnehp sNbvXp ZqscbpÅ ]Ånbnte¡p t]mIWw? Cu lZokv J_vdv knbmd¯ns\ Dt±in¨söp kmcw.

J_vdv knbmd¯v kp¶¯msW¶Xp hyàamWv. A¼nbm¡fpsSbpw Huenbm¡fpsSbpw aäp alm·mcptSXpamsW¦n {]tXyIn¨pw. Cu kp¶¯p In«m³ bm{X BhiyamsW¦n sN¿mXncn¡p¶sX§s\? kp¶¯p In«m³ J_vdpIÄ Ct§m«v At\zjn¨p hcWsa¶p ]dbm\mIptam? knbmd¯v kp¶¯msW¦n AXn\pÅ bm{Xbpw kp¶¯p Xs¶. knbmd¯v kp¶¯pw AXn\pÅ bm{X \njn²hpsa¶ \nbaw hnNn{Xambncn¡patÃm!

t\cs¯ \ntcm[w

Ckvemansâ BZyL«¯n J_vdv knbmd¯v \ntcm[n¨Xp icnbmWv. Rm³ \n§tfmSv J_vdv knbmd¯v \ntcm[n¨ncp¶p. C\n \n§Ä knbmd¯p sN¿pI (apkvenw 1/314). \_n(kz) FÃm cm{Xnbnepw P¶¯p _JoAv knbmd¯p sN¿mdp­mbncps¶¶pw ]tcXmßm¡Ä¡p kemw ]dbmdp­mbncps¶¶pw {]mÀYn¡mdp­mbncps¶¶pw BCim(d) ]dbp¶p (apkvenw 1/313). Cu lZoknsâ XpSÀ¨bmbn BCim(d) bn \n¶pXs¶ apkvenw asämcp kw`hw D²cn¡p¶p­v.

cm{XnbpsS GtXm \nanj¯n \_n(kz) hncn¸n \ns¶gpt¶äp hkv{Xw [cn¨p ]pd ¯p t]mIp¶Xv BCim(d) Adnbp¶p. alXn i_vZap­m¡msX dkqÂ(kz)s\ ]n´pScp¶p. _JoC F¯nbt¸mÄ AhnSp¶p Alvep Jp_qdn\p kemw ]dªpsIm­v {]mÀYn¡p¶p. _ohn amdn\n¶p cwKw ho£n¡p¶p. knbmd¯p Ignªp Xncpta\n Xncnªp \S¡p¶p. alXnbpw ho«nte¡p aS§p¶p. dkqÂ(kz)sâ \S¯w thK¯nemsW¶p a\Ênem¡nb BCim(d) thKw \S¡p¶p. AsXmcp Hm«ambn amdp¶p. Xncpta\n¡p ap¼v ho«nse¯n _ohn Dd§nbXpt]mse InS¡p¶p. AhcpsS InX¸v I­v dkqen\p Imcyw a\ÊnemIp¶p. \ns¶ ieys¸Spt¯s­¶p IcpXnbmWv Rm³ X\ntb Fgpt¶äp t]mbsX¶pw P¶¯p _JoC t]mbn knbmd¯p sN¿m³ AÃmlphnsâ IÂ]\bps­¶pw XncpZqXÀ hniZoIcn¡p¶p. R§Ä F§s\bmWp knbmd¯v sNt¿­sX¶p _ohn tNmZn¡p¶p. AhnSp¶p ]tcXmßm¡Ä¡p kemw ]dtb­ hn[hpw {]mÀYnt¡­ coXnbpw ]Tn¸n¨p sImSp¡p¶p.

knbmd¯v \ntcm[n¨ncps¶¦n taÂ]dª lZokpIfpsS s]mcpsf´v? "\n§Ä

knbmd¯v sN¿phn³, AXp ]ctemIkvacW D­m¡p¶XmWv' F¶ lZoknsâ ASnØm\¯n knbmd¯v kp¶¯msW¶ Imcyw CPvamAv BWv (Xplv^ 3/199). \nÝn X hyànbpsS J_vdv knbmd¯v sN¿m³ t]mIp¶hÀ BZyw s]mXphmbpw ]n¶oSv {] tXyIambpw (amXm]nXm¡tfm atäm BsW¦n Ahsc A_o, D½o F¶n§s\) hnfn¨p kemw ]db kp¶¯mWv (Xplv^). J_vdv knbmd¯v kp¶¯msW¶ Imcy¯n temI apkvenw ]WvVnX·mÀ GtIm]n¨Xmbn idlv apkvenan Camw \hhn(d) {]kvXmhn¡p¶p (t]Pv 314).

Ckvemansâ BZyIme¯v knbmd¯v \ntcm[n¨Xnsâ XmXv]cyw A¶s¯ kmaqlnI Npäp]mSpIfpw XuloZv Øncs¸Sp¯m\pÅ ]Ým¯ew `{Zam¡epamsW¶p hyàamWv. Pmlnen¿m Ime¯p J_vdpIÄ Bcm[\m tI{µ§fmbncp¶p. {]hmNI·mscbpw ]pWy]pcpj·mscbpw ssZh§fmbpw ssZhmhXmc§fmbpw IcpXn Bcm[n¨ncp¶p. J_vdpIÄ¡v Bcm[\IÄ AÀ¸n¨ncp¶p. kmaqlnIambn Xs¶ h³ {]m[m\yapÅ DÕh§Ä J_dnS§sf Npän¸än \S¶ncp¶p. Cu NS§pIfpsS ImX XuloZnsâ Bib§fpsS IWvTtImSmenbmbncp¶p. CXn \n¶p sXäpw icnbpw thÀXncn¡pI {]bmkambncp¶p. Hcp Xm¡menI \ntcm[\¯neqsS kaql¯nsâ {i² XuloZnte¡p Xncn¡pIbmbncp¶p. Ckvemansâ ASnØm\mib§Ä iàambtXmsS \ntcm [w \o¡n knbmd¯n\v A\paXnbpw t{]mÕml\hpw \ÂIpIbp­mbn.

kv{XoIfpsS knbmd¯v

J_vdv knbmd¯n\p t]mIp¶ kv{XoIsf i]n¨psIm­pÅ lZokpw \ntcm[\Ime¯pÅXmsW¶p hyàw. ImcWw s]mXp\ntcm[\w \o§nbtijw kv{XoIsfbpw kn bmd¯n\v A\phZn¨n«p­v. F¶m ]pcpj·msc t]msebà kv{XoIÄ¡v Cu hnjb¯nepÅ hn[n. ^nXv\ `bs¸Sp¶nsæn kv{XoIÄ¡v J_vdv knbmd¯v A\phZ\obamWv (alÃn 1/351).

\_n(kz)bpsS J_vdv knbmd¯v sN¿p¶Xv kv{XoIÄ¡pw kp¶¯mWv. akvPnZp¶_ hnbn kv{XoIÄ¡v knbmd¯n\p {]tXyIw kuIcyw sNbvXp sImSp¡p¶ ]Xnhv C¶pw XpScp¶p.  Huenbm¡fpsSbpw kzmenlpIfpsSbpw A{]Imcw Xs¶ (^Xvlp apCu³). ]pcpj·msc t]mse s]mXphmb kp¶¯v (km[mcW¡mcpsS J_vdv knbmd¯v) kv{XoIÄ¡nÃm¯XpsIm­mWv AXhÀ¡v Idml¯msW¶p ^pJlm¡Ä hn hcn¨Xv. aIsâtbm `À¯mhnsâtbm J_vdv knbmd¯v kv{Xo sNbvXm ldmamsW¶p ]dbm³ IgnbnÃ. Xsâ Ip«nbpsS J_vdn\cnsI IcªpsIm­ncp¶ kv{Xo tbmSv þþ s]t®, \o £an¡pI, AÃmlpsh `bs¸SpIbpw sN¿pI F¶p imkn¡pI am{XamWp \_n(kz) sNbvXXv (_pJmcn, apkvenw).

BCim(d) \S¯nbncp¶ J_vdv knbmd¯v kw_Ôn¨p Camw AlvaZv(d) \nthZ\w sNbvX lZokv {]kn²amWtÃm. BCim _ohn(d)bpsS ho«nemWtÃm Xncp\_n(kz) sb J_dS¡nbXv. `À¯mhns\ J_vdS¡nb apdnbmsW¶ kzmX{´yt¯msS lnPms_m¶pw Imcyambn ]men¡msX AhnSw knbmd¯v sNbvXncp¶Xmbn _ohn ]dbp¶p. ]ns¶ ]nXmhns\bpw sXm«Sp¯v adhp sNbvXp. At¸mgpw lnPm_nsâ Imcyw {]tXyIw {i²n¨ncp¶nÃ. F¶m A\y\mb Jeo^m DaÀ(d)hns\ AtX apdnbn adamSnbt¸mÄ ]qÀW ]À±tbmsSbÃmsX B apdnbn {]thin¡mdnÃmbncp¶p F¶p _ohn ]dbp¶p. kv{XoIfpsS knbmd¯v kw_Ôn¨ \nbahi§fpsS GXms­Ãm hn iZmwi§fpw Cu lZoknep­v.

A\y]pcpj·mcpambn ImWpIbpw IqSn¡ecpIbpw sN¿p¶ AhØbn J_vdv F{X henb almtâXmsW¦nepw kv{XoIfpsS knbmd¯v At§bäw A]e]\obhpamWv.

J_vdpIÄ sI«ns¸m¡Â

J_vdpIÄ sI«ns¸m¡epw Ip½mbanSepw AXnt·Â FgpXnsh¡epw Idml¯mWv (alÃn 1/350). BhiyanÃmsX J_vdpIÄ sI«ns¸m¡p¶Xv Idml¯mWv. AXp s]mXpØe¯msW¦n ldmapamWv (^XvlpÂapCu³). CXp km[mcW¡mcpsS hn[nbmWv. km[mcW P\§fpsS J_vdpIÄ sI«nS§Ä¡pÅnem¡n caylÀay§Ä \nÀ½n¡p¶Xv XoÀ¯pw A\mhiyhpw s]mXpØe¯msW¦n A\[nIrXamb It¿ähpamWv. kaql¯n\v Cu sI«ns¸m¡Â sIm­v Hcp ImcyhpanÃ. Cu \nba¯n \n¶p A¼nbm¡Ä, Huenbm¡Ä, iplZm¡Ä XpS§nb alXv hyànXz§Ä HgnhmsW¶p ^nJvlv {KÙ§Ä ]dbp¶p. kzmenlo§fpsS J_vdv sI«ns¸m¡Â A\phZ\obamWv. AXp JpºbmsW¦nepw icn. knbmd¯v kPoham¡epw _dIs¯Sp¡epw Dt±in¨mWnXv (CB\¯v 1/120).

almßm¡fpsS J_vdv knbmd¯n\p hcp¶hcpsS kuIcy¯n\p th­n sI«nSw \nÀ ½n¡p¶Xpw aäpw A\phZ\obamWv. Cu Ncybpw temI apkvenwIÄ¡nSbn GIm`n{]mbapÅXmsW¶p ImWmw. temIhym]Iambn¯s¶ alm·mcpsS ]Sp¯pbÀ¯nbXpw sI«nS§Ä \nÀ½n¨Xpamb J_vdpIÄ ImWmw. CXn¶]hmZ§fnÃ. F¶m `cWm[nImcnIsf kzm[o\n¨p ]p¯³ XuloZnsâ hàm¡Ä ]pWy\Kc§fnse J_v dpIfpw aJv_dIfpw \nc¯nbXv Ncn{X¯nse Idp¯ A²ymbamWv. kzlm_¯nsâbpw Xm_nDIfpsSbpw Ime¯v \nÀ½n¨ J_vdpIfmWtÃm AhnsS CSn¨p \nc¯nbXv. ]qÀhoIÀ icnsb¶p hn[n¨Xp ]n³KmanIÄ sXsä¶p hn[n¡p¶Xnse AÀYiq\yX BÀ¡mWp t_m[yamIm¯Xv?

\_n Icow(kz) Fs¶ GÂ]n¨ Hcp Imcyw Rm³ \ns¶ GÂ]n¡s« F¶p Aen(d) A_vZp l¿mPnt\mSp tNmZn¨ lZokmWv J_vdps]mfn hn¹h¯nsâ ASnbm[mcw. apkvenw 1/312 hnhcn¨ Cu lZokn Hcp {]Xnabpw XIÀ¡msX hnScpsX¶pw DbÀ¯s¸« Hcp J_vdpw \nc¯msX _m¡n hbv¡cpsX¶pw ]dbp¶p­v. Cu \nÀ t±iw \_n(kz)bmWv Aen(d)\v sImSp¡p¶Xv. hnIkn¨p hcp¶ CkvemanI km{amPy¯nse AÚmX ihIpSoc§fmWv Cu lZoknse XmXv]cyw. Pmlnen¿¯n ihIpSoc§Ä¡p­mbncp¶ {]m[m\yw Adnbmhp¶XpsIm­mWv, Ckvemante¡p h¶ ti jhpw ]gb XmXv]cyw \ne\n¡mXncn¡m³ Aapkvenw ihIpSoc§Ä XIÀ¡p¶Xn\p \nÀt±in¡s¸«Xv. knbmd¯v kp¶¯mIp¶Xp Xs¶ adamSnb a¿n¯p apkven antâXmIpt¼mÄ am{XamWv. apkventam Aapkventam F¶dnbm¯ a¿n¯n\p \nkvIcn¡m³ IqSn ]mSnsömWv idlnsâ hn[n. F¦n Ip^vcn¿¯v Iq«t¯msS CÃmXmhpIbpw XuloZv ASnØm\{]amWambn kzoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvX Hcp kaql¯n inÀ¡nsâ ]gb IpSoc§Ä XIÀ¡m³ \nÀt±in¡pIbÃmsX´mWp sN¿pI? Hscmä {]Xnabpw XIÀ¡msX hnScpsX¶v Cu lZokn Xs¶ ]dbp¶p­tÃm. {]XnaIfpsS Øm\w Ae¦cn¡p¶ ihIpSoc§fmWv \o¡w sN¿m³ IÂ]n¨sX¶v CXn \n¶p hyàamIp¶p­v.