kv{Xo ]Ån{]thi¯nsâ aXho£Ww

Ckvemansâ BhnÀ`mhIme¯v ]À±m\nbaw {]m_ey¯n hcmXncp¶Xn\m h\nXIÄ¡v ]Ånbn t]mIp¶Xn\v \_n(kz)A\paXn \ÂIpIbpw AhÀ A\phmZw tNmZn¨m A\paXn \ÂIWsa¶pw Ahsc XStb­Xnsöpw AhnSp¶v \nÀt±in¨psh¶Xv bmYmÀYyw Xs¶. CXp Xs¶bmWv C¶s¯ ]ecpsSbpw Ahew_w.

F¶m ]À±m\nbaw {]m_ey¯n h¶tXmsS \ncp]m[nIambpÅ A\paXn XSbpIbmWp­mbsX¶pw AXpsIm­p Xs¶ PpapAx PamAXpIÄ¡v th­n ]Ånbn lmPcmImdp­mbncp¶ kzlm_n h\nXIÄ AXv \nÀ¯nsh¡pIbmWp­mbsX¶pw tijw hà h\nXIfpw hÃt¸mgpw ]Ånbn lmPcmsb¦n tNmZyw sN¿s¸Sm\pw in£n¡s¸Sm\pw AhÀ hnt[bcmhpIbmWp­mbsX¶pw C¡q«À¡dnbnÃ.

{]ikvX l\^o ]WvVnX\mb Camw AemD±o\p Imkm\n(d) (acWw lnPvd 587) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI. PpapAx, c­v s]cp¶mÄ, aäp \nkvImc§Ä F¶nhs¡m¶n\pw Xs¶ bphXnIÄ ]pds¸Sp¶Xv Xosc A\phZ\obaÃ. ]WvVnX·mcpsS CPvamAv (GtIm]\w) D­v. \n§Ä hoSpIÄ¡pÅn AS§n HXp§n Ccn¡Wsa¶ h\nXItfmSpÅ \nÀt±iaS§p¶ (kqdXp Alvkm_nse) kqàamWv CXn\v \nZm\w. hoSpIÄ¡pÅn AS§n HXp§n Ccn¡Wsa¶ BÚ AhnsS \n¶v ]pds¸Sp¶Xn\pÅ hne¡mWtÃm. am{XaÃ, ]pds¸Sp¶Xv \nÝbw \mi¯n\v ImcWamsW¶Xn ktµlanÃ. \miw hcp¯p¶Xv \njn²amWv Xm\pw. \njn²amb H¶nte¡v hgnsh¡p¶Xpw \njn²w Xs¶ (_ZmCDÊz\mCAv hm:1, t].275).

kqdx Alvkm_nse {]kvXpX kqàw hymJym\n¨psIm­v Camw JpÀXzp_n(d) FgpXp¶p. \nÀ_Ô Bhiy§Ä¡ÃmsX kv{XoIÄ ho«n \n¶v ]pds¸Sp¶Xv XSbpIbpw AhÀ hoSpIsf A\nhmcyam¡m³ IÂ]n¡pIbpamWv CkvemanI icoAXv sNbvXn«pÅXv. alXnbmb BXnI(d){]kvXpX kqàw ]mcmbWw sN ¿pt¼mÄ apJa¡\ \\bpw hn[w Icbmdp­mbncp¶psh¶v kAve_n(d)bpw aäpw {]kvXmhn¨n«p­v. Pa bp²thfbn (apkvenwIÄ¡nSbn kzpÂlp­m¡p¶Xn¶v th­n) BCix(d) bm{X sNbvXXnepÅ A]mIX Nn´n¨mbncp¶p AhÀ Icªncp¶sX¶v C_v\p AXzn¿x(d) ]dbp¶p. X§fpsS ho«n HXp§n Ccn¡m\mbncp¶nsà AÃmlp BÚm]n¨sX¶v BCix(d)Icbpt¼mÄ A½mÀ (d) ]dbpIbp­mbn (X^vkodp JpÀXzp_n hm:14, t].179, 180).

\mev aZvl_pIfpsSbpw AwKoIrX {KÙ§fn kv{XoIÄ PpapAx PamA¯pIfn ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xn\v A\pIqeamb bmsXmcp ]cmaÀihpw ImWp¶nÃ.

l\^o aZvl_v: ""kv{XoIÄ PamAXn kw_Ôn¡p¶Xv IdmlXmIp¶p''(apJvXkzdp Jp±qcn t].21).

amenIn aZvl_v: ""bphXn Hcn¡epw PpapAx \akvImc¯nte¡v ]pds¸Sm³ ]mSnÃ'' (In^mb 2‏þ156).

im^nCu aZvl_v: ""kv{XoIfÃm¯hÀ¡v ]Ånbn sh¨pÅ PamAXmIp¶p D¯aw.... kv{XoIÄ¡pw \]pwkI§Ä¡pw ho«n sh¨mWp¯aw'' (apán 1‏þ230).

l¼en aZvl_nepw Idml¯msW¶v ]dªn«p­v (AÂ aZmln_p 1‏þ385).

C_v\pknco³(d)bn \n¶v A_vZp_v\p lpssaZpw(d)C_v\p ap³Zndpw(d) \nthZ\w: ""Xm¦Ä F´psIm­v lÖn\pw Dwd¡pw t]mIp¶nsöv kuZ(d)tbmSv tNmZn¡s¸«p. AhnSp¶v {]kvXmhn¨p. \nÝbw Rm³ lÖpw Dwdbpw sNbvXn«p­v. tijw ho«n AS§nsbmXp§n Ccn¡m\mWv AÃmlp Ft¶mSv IÂ]n¨Xv. AÃmlphmWv kXyw acn¡p¶Xphsc Rms\sâ ho«n \n¶v ]pds¸SpIbnÃ. C_v\pknco³(d)]dbp¶p. AÃmlphmWv kXyw AhnSps¯ P\mkbÃmsX AhnSps¯ hoSv IhmS¯neqsS ]pds¸«n«nÃ''(Camw kpbqYn(d)bpsS A±pÀdp a³kzqÀ hm:5, t]:195; JpÀXzp_n(d)bpsS X^vkoÀ hm:14, t]:180; C_v\p A_vZn _Àdn(d)sâ CkvXoB_v hm:4, t]:451 F¶nhbn CXv D²cn¨n«p­v).

D½p\mCex(d)bn \n¶v C_v\p A_olmXnw(d)\nthZ\w: ""D½p\mCex ]dªp. (kzlm_nhcy\mb) A_q_ÀkXn Akvean(d)ho«n h¶t¸mÄ D½pheZns\ I­nÃ. ]Ånbn t]mbXmsW¶v ho«pImÀ ]dªp. AhÀ h¶t¸mÄ A_q_ÀkXn Akvean(d) Bt£]n¡pIbpw XpSÀ¶v C§s\ ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp. \nÝbw kv{XoIÄ ]pd¯v t]mIp¶Xv AÃmlp hne¡nbncn¡p¶p. AhÀ hoSpIÄ¡pÅn HXp§n Ccn¡m\mWv AÃmlp BÚm]n¨n«pÅXv. P\mksb ]n´pScmt\m ]Ånbn hcmt\m PpapAx¡v kw_Ôn¡mt\m AhÀ¡v ]mSnÃ'' (A±pÀdp a³kzqÀ hm.5, t].195).

A_q Awdn\nssi_m\n (d) bn \n¶v C_v\p A_ossi_x(d)\nthZ\w. ""sh ÅnbmgvN Znhkw ]Ånbn lmPcmb Nne h\nXIsf IÃv hmcn Fdnªv ]pd¯m¡p¶Xmbn A_vZpÃmln_v\p akvDuZn(d)s\ Rm³ I­p'' (apkz¶^p C_v\nA_ossi_: hm.2, t].283).

lm^nfv A_vZpÀdkmJn(d)sâ \nthZ\¯n C§s\ IqSn ImWmw. AhnSp¶v ]dªp. ""kv{XoIsf! \n§Ä¡p¯aamb hoSpIfnte¡v \n§Ä t]mbns¡mÅpI'' (apkz¶^p A_vZpÀdkmJv, hm.3, t].173). ss_lJn(d)bpsS \nthZ\¯n H¶pIqSn ImWmw. \nÝbw CXv(]Ån)\n§Ä¡pÅXÃ(kp\\p ss_lJn hm.3, t].186).

kzlolmb ]c¼cbneqsS Camw Xz_vdm\n(d) D²cn¡p¶ \nthZ\¯n C{Xbpw IqSnbp­v. A_vZpÃmln_v\p akvDuZv(d) ]dªp. kv{XoIsf AÃmlp ]pds¸Sphn¨ Øe¯v \n¶v \n§fpw ]pds¸Sphn¡pI (aPvaDÊhmCuZv hm.2, t].35).

A_vZpÃmln_v\p akvDuZv(d) Dt±in¨Xv ]ÅnIfmWv. AÃmlp ]ÅnIfn \n¶hsc ]pd¯m¡nbn«ps­¶v CXv sXfnbn¡p¶p. AXpsIm­v Xs¶bmWv ]ÅnIsf ]cmaÀin¨ kqdXp¯u_xbnse 108‏þmw kqà¯nepw kqdXp¶qdnse 36‏þmw kqà¯nepw AÃmlp ]pcpj·msc am{Xw ]cmaÀin¨Xv.

Camw dmkn(d)FgpXp¶p. ]pcpj·msc am{Xw ]cmaÀin¨Xv kv{XoIÄ PamA¯nsâ AÀlcÃm¯XpsIm­mWv (X^vkodpÀdmkn hm.24, t].5).

CkvamCuep lnJn(d) FgpXp¶p: ""]ÅnIfnepÅ PamAXpIfpw PpapAxbpw kv{XoIÄ¡nÃm¯XpsIm­mWv ]pcpj·msc am{Xw ]cmaÀin¨Xv''(dqlpÂ_bm³, hm.6, t].161).

Camw k\mDÃm(d)FgpXp¶p: ""]ÅnIfnepÅ PamAXpw PpapAxbpw kv{XoIÄ ¡nÃm¯Xn\memWv ]pcpj·msc am{Xw ]cmaÀin¨Xv'' (X^vkodp afvlcn hm.6, t].541).

Camw _Kvhn(d)bpsS X^vkodp aBenan¯³ko hm.5, t].66 epw kzmhn(d)bpsS Pemsse\n hymJym\w hm.3, t].14 epw Paensâ Pemsse\n hymJym\w hm.3, t].227 epw X^vkodp Jmkn³ (lmanip _Kvhn) hm.5, t].66 epw dqlp aB\n hm.18, t].177 epw X^vkodp JpÀXzp_n hm.12, t].184 epw C{]Imcw ImWmw.

kv{XoIfpsS ]Ån{]thiw AÃmlp Xs¶ hne¡nbn«ps­¶mWv {]kvXpX JpÀB³ kqà§sf B[mcam¡nbpÅ ]WvVnX·mcpsS D]cypà D²cWnIÄ sXfnbn¨Xv. F¶m CXn\v hn]coXambn \_n(kz) kv{XoIÄ¡v ]Ån{]thi\¯n\v {]tNmZ\w \ÂInsb¶mWv {]thi\hmZnIÄ apdhnfn Iq«p¶Xv.

_pJmcnbpsS hymJym\¯n AÃmam A³hÀ imlv(d) FgpXp¶p: kv{XoIÄ PamAXpIÄ¡v kw_Ôn¡p¶Xn\v bmsXmcp {]tNmZ\hpw icoAXn h¶n«nÃ. F¶Ã AhcpsS ]Ån{]thi\¯n\v hn]coXamWv A_qZmhqZnsâ lZoknepÅXv (ss^fp _mcn Ae _pJmcn hm.2, t].322).

AhcpsS hoSmWhÀ¡p¯asa¶ kp\\p A_qZmhqZv hm.1, t].91 se \_nhN\amWv A³hÀ imlv(d) Dt±in¡p¶Xv. Cu \_nhN\w _elo\am¡m\pÅ hn^e{iaamWv {]thi\hmZnIÄ \S¯p¶Xv.

C_v\p Dadn(d)Â \n¶v Camw lmInw(d)CXv D²cn¡pIbpw _pJmcn, apkvenansâ \n_Ô\b\pkcn¨v kzlolmWnsX¶v {]kvXmhn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«p­v (lmInansâ apkvXZvdIv hm.1, t].209).

C_v\p Jpsskax(d) Xsâ kzlolv hm.3, t].93 epw CXv \nthZ\w sNbvXn«p­v. C_v\p Jpsskax(d)bpsS \nthZI ]c¼c kzlolmsW¶v lm^nfp C_v\p lPÀ(d) ^Xvlp _mcn hm.2, t].494  ]dbp¶p. Camw AlvaZv(d) Cu lZokp²cn¨Xmbn X^vkoÀ C_v\pIkoÀ hm.3, t].294  ImWmw. A_qZmhqZnsâ \nthZI ]c¼c Xs¶ Camw _pJmcn(d)bpsS \n_Ô\b\pkcn¨v kzlolmsW¶v Camw \hhn(d) idlp apl±_v hm.4, t].197  {]kvXmhn¨n«p­v.

D½p lpssaZn ÊmCZn¿x(d)bn \n¶v Camw C_v\p Jpsskax(d)\nthZ\w. AhÀ \_n(kz)bpsS AcnIn h¶v C{]Imcw ]dªp. AÃmlphnsâ {]hmNItc! \nÝbw \n§fpsS IqsS Rm³ \nkvIcn¡m\m{Kln¡p¶p. AhnSp¶v {]XnhNn¨p. Fsâ IqsS \n\¡v \nkvIcn¡m\m{Klaps­¶v \nÝbw F\n¡dnbmw. F¶m \nsâ ss{]häv dqan sh¨v \o \nkvIcn¡emWv ASp¯pÅ Adbn sh¨v \nkvIcn¡p¶Xnt\¡mÄ \n\¡p¯aw. AXn sh¨v \nkvIcn¡emWv hoSnsâ aäp hi¯v sh¨v \nkvIcn¡p¶Xnt\¡mfp¯aw. AhnsS sh¨v \nkvIcn¡emWv \nsâ IpSpw_]Ånbn sh¨v \nkvIcn¡p¶Xnt\¡mfp¯aw. IpSpw_]Ånbn sh¨v \nkvIcn¡emWv Fsâ Cu ]Ånbn sh¨v \nkvIcn¡p¶Xnt\¡mfp¯aw. CXptI«v D½p lpssaZn ÊmCZn¿x (d) Xsâ hoSnsâ Ccpfn Hcp ss{]häv dqw \nkvImc¯n\pth­n kÖam¡pIbpw acn¡p¶Xp hsc AhnsS sh¨v Xs¶ \nkvIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp (kzlolp C_v\n Jpsska hm.3, t].95).

C_v\p A_o Bkznw Cu lZokp²cn¨Xnsâ BZy`mK¯v C{]Imcap­v. D½p lpssaZn ÊmCZn¿x (d) ]dªp. X§fpsS IqsS R§Ä \nkvIcn¡p¶Xv R§fpsS `À¯m¡·mÀ hne¡pIbmWv. F¶m X§fpsS IqsS \nkvIcn¡m³ R§Ä CjvSs¸Sp¶p (C_v\p Akodn(d)sâ DkpZp Km_x ^oaAvcn^XnÊzlm_: hm.5, t].578).

{]kvXpX lZokv C_v\p A_ossi_x(d)apkz¶^v hm.2, t].385 epw C_v\plnºm³(d) Xsâ kzlolv hm.3, t].488 epw \nthZ\w sNbvXn«p­v. A_vZp_v\p lpssaZpw (d) C_v\p ap³Zndpw(d)\nthZ\w sNbvXXmbn A±pÀdp a³kqÀ hm.5, t].52epw ImWmw. Camw AlvaZv(d)Xsâ apkv\Zv hm.6, t].371 epw Camw Xz_vdm\n(d)Xsâ AÂapAvPap I_oÀ hm.25, t].168 epw Cu lZokp²cn¨n«p­v. Camw AlvaZn(d)sâ \nthZI ]c¼c \ÃXmsW¶v ^XvlpÂ_mcn hm.2, t].495 epw Xz_vdm\n(d)bpsS \nthZI ]c¼c tbmKycmsW¶v aPvaDÊhmCZv hm.2, t].34 epw {]kvXmhn¨n«p­v.

A_qdm^nC(d) \n¶v C_v\p AkmInÀ(d) \nthZ\w. \_n(kz) ]dªp. \n Ýbw aqkm\_n(A)tbmSpw lmdq³ \_n(A)tbmSpw X§fpsS P\X¡v th­n hoSpIÄ X¿mdm¡m³ AÃmlp BÚm]n¨p. X§fpsS ]Ånbn Aip²nbpÅhÀ Xmakn¡cpsX¶pw kv{XoIsf ]Ånbnte¡Sp¸n¡cpsX¶pw AÃmlp \nÀt±in¡pIbp­mbn. F¶m Fsâ Cu ]Ånbn Hcp kv{Xosbbpw ASp¸n¡p¶Xv A\phZ\obaÃ. Aip²nbpÅhÀ Xmakn¡pIbpw AcpXv. (A±pÀdp a³kzqÀ hm.3, t].314).

Cu ASnØm\¯nemWv Camw C_v\p Jpsskax(d) C{]Imcw ]dªXv. aäp ]ÅnIfnepÅ Bbncw \nkvImc§tf¡mÄ D¯aamWv Fsâ Cu ]ÅnbnepÅ Hcp \nkvImcsa¶ \_nhN\w ]pcpj·msc Dt±in¨mWv. kv{XoIsf Dt±in¨Ã. (kzlolp C_v\nJpsskax hm.3, t].94).

bkoZnsâ ]p{Xn AkvamAv(d)bn \n¶v Camw ss_lJn(d) \nthZ\w. \_n(kz) kzlm_nItfmsSm¶n¨ncn¡sh AhÀ h¶v C{]Imcw ]dªp. aäp kv{XoIfpsS Hcp \nthZ\w kaÀ¸n¡m\mWv X§sfs¡msÅ Rm³ h¶Xv.

Xm\o ]pds¸«Xdnª kÀÆ kv{XoIfpw Fsâ A`n{]mb¯n Xs¶bmWv. {]hmNIsc! \nÝbw X§sf kXyhpambn AÃmlp \ntbmKn¨Xv ]pcpj·mcnte¡pw kv{XoIfnte¡pamWtÃm. X§fnepw X§sf \ntbmKn¨ Cemlnepw hnizmkapÅhcmWv R§Ä. kv{Xo kaqlamb R§Ä \n§fpsS hoSpIÄ¡pÅn Xf¨nSs¸«hcpw \n§fpsS hnImcia\¯n\v hn[n¡s¸«hcpw \n§fpsS k´m\§sf hln¡p¶ hcpamWv. ]pcpjkaqlamIp¶ \n§fmsW¦n PpapAx PamAXv XpS§nb Imcy§Ä sIm­v R§tf¡mÄ t{ijvTam¡s¸«hcmWv. AÃmlphnsâ amÀK¯nepÅ PnlmZv CXnt\¡msfÃmap]cn t{ijvThpw (AXpw \n§Ä¡v am{XamWv). \n§fnÂs]« HcmÄ lÖnt\m Dwdt¡m PnlmZnt\m ]pds¸«m \n§fpsS [\w kwc£n¡p¶hcpw k´m\§sf ]cn]men¡p¶hcpw R§fmWv. ]ns¶ GXp ]pWy¯nemWv R§Ä \n§tfmSv ]¦mfnIfmhp¶Xv. CXv {ihn¨ \_n(kz) kzlm_m¡fnte¡v apJw Xncn¨v C§s\ tNmZn¨p. Xsâ Zo³ Imcys¯ kw_Ôn¨v C{Xbpw `wKnbmbn At\zjn¡p¶ hà kv{Xosbbpw \n§Ä {ihn¨n«pt­m? AhÀ ]dªp. C{Xsbms¡ Xsâ Zo³ Imcys¯ kw_Ôn¨v Hcp kv{Xo t_m[apÅhfmIpsa¶v R§Ä `mhn¨ncp¶nÃ. tijw {]kvXpX kv{Xobnte¡v Xs¶ Xncnªv \_n(kz) C§s\ Acpfn. s]s®! \o t]mbns¡mÅpI. \o {]Xn\n[m\w sN¿p¶ aäp kv{XoItfmSv \o Adnbn¸v sImSp¡pI. AhÀ Xsâ `À¯mhpambn \à \ne¡v IqSn hÀ¯n¡epw AhcpsS {]oXn Imw£n¨v \n¶v t]mcepw AhtcmSv tbmPn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡epw taÂ]dªXnsâ {]Xn^et¯mSv XpeyapÅ {]Xn^emÀlamb ImcyamWv. CXptI« AhÀ kt´mjm[nIy¯m XIv_oÀ sNmÃns¡m­v ]ncnªpt]mbn. (A±pÀdp a³kzqÀ hm.2, t].153) Cu kw`hw C_v\p AkmInÀ(d) Xsâ XmcnJn \nthZ\w sNbvXn«p­v.

kv{XoIÄ hoSpIÄ¡pÅn HXp§n¡qtS­hcmsW¶pw ]c]pcpj·mtcmsSm¸w PpapAx PamAXpIfn AhÀ ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xv hne¡s¸«XmsW¶pw D]cypà lZokpIÄ sXfnbn¡p¶p­v. AXpsIm­v Xs¶bmbncp¶p \_n(kz)bpsS `mcyamscms¡bpw AhcpsS hoSpIÄ¡pÅn HXp§n IqSpIbpw PpapAx PamAXpIÄ¡v ]s¦Sp¡mXncn¡pIbpw sNbvXXv.

Camw im^nCu(d) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI. D½lmXp apAvan\o³ dkqepÃmln(kz)bpsS `mcyamÀ Bcpw Xs¶ hà ]Ånbnepw PpapAxt¡m PamAXnt\m ]s¦Sp¯Xmbn \mw Adnªn«nÃ. (AXv AhÀ¡v _m[yXbmbncps¶¦nÂ) \_n(kz)tbmSpÅ kmao]yw ImcWw Ahcmbncp¶p _m[yX ho«m³ Gähpw ISas¸«hÀ. F¶m ]ns¶ AhÀ¡v ]À±m\nbaw h¶Xp sIm­tà AhÀ t]mhmXncp¶sX¶v kwibn¡p¶psh¦n adp]Sn C{]ImcamWv. ]À±m\nbaw BZyw AhXcn¨n«nÃtÃm. AXv ]n¶oStà AhXcn¡s¸«Xv. ]À±m\nbaw AhÀ¡pÅ _m[yXsb Hcn¡epw FSp¯v Ifªn«nÃ(Camw im^nCu(d)bpsS CJvXnem^p lZokv (lmanip D½v hm.7, t].172)).

]À±m\nbaw \nehn hcp¶Xn¶v ap¼pw PpapAx PamAXpIÄ¡v ]s¦Sp¡Â kv{XoIfpsS _m[yXsbm¶paÃmbncp¶psh¶mWv CXv hyàam¡p¶Xv. AXv Xs¶bmWv dkqepÃmln(kz)bpsS `mcyamcmcpw t]mImXncp¶Xnsâ clkyhpw.

apl½Zp_v\p lkw (acWw ln. 430) ]dbp¶Xv ImWpI: \_n(kz)bpsS `mcyamscms¡bpw hoSpIÄ¡pÅn HXp§n¡qSp¶hcpw ]ÅnIfnte¡v ]pds¸Sm¯hcpambncp¶psh¶v [mcmfw lZokpIfn kzlolmbn h¶n«p­v (A aplÃm hm.4, t].196).

Camw im^nCu(d) Xs¶ ]dbs«. \nÝbw \_n(kz)bpsS Alvepss_Xn s]« kv{XoIÄ, s]¬a¡Ä, `mcyamÀ, ]cnNmcIÀ XpS§nbn«pÅ [mcmfw kv{XoIÄ \_n(kz)bpsS IqsSbp­mbncp¶p. Ahcn s]« Bcpw Xs¶ PpapAxt¡m PamAXnt¶m cm{Xntbm ]Item ]pds¸«Xmbn \mw Adnbp¶nÃ. akvPnZp Jp_mbntet¡m aäp ]Ånbntet¡m t]mbncp¶nÃ. \_n(kz)bmsW¦n \S¶pw hml\w Ibdnbpw AhnsS t]mImdp­mbncp¶p. A{]Imcw Xs¶ apkvenwIfn \n¶pÅ ke^pÊzmenlpIfn Bcpw Xs¶tbm PamAXns¶m PpapAxs¡m t]mIm³ BÚm]n¨Xmbpw \mw Adnbp¶nÃ. AhÀ¡v AXn hà t{ijvTXbpw D­mbncps¶¦n Ah IÂ]nt¡­Xpw A\paXn \ÂtI­Xpambncp¶p (CJvXnem^p lZokv hm.7, t].174).

Npcp¡¯n ]À±m\nbaw hcp¶Xn\v ap¼v t]mepw PpapAx PamAXpIÄ¡v kw_Ôn¡m³ \_n(kz) Hcp kv{Xo¡pw {]tNmZ\w \ÂInbn«nÃ. adn¨v Hc\paXn am{Xw \ÂIpIbmbncp¶p.

AXpsIm­p Xs¶ ]À±m \nba¯n\v ap¼v t]mepw Npcp¡w Nne kv{XoIfÃmsX PpapAx PamAXn\v ]pds¸«ncp¶nsöpw apkvenw h\nXItfmSv PpapAx¡pw PamA¯n¶pw ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xnep]cn t{ijvTX ho«n sh¨v \nkvIcn¡p¶XmsW¶v \_n(kz) ]dªpsh¶pw C_v\pssXan¿x Xsâ aPvaqD ^Xmh hm.6, t].458  {]kvXmhn¨n«p­v.

F¶m ]ns¶ kv{XoIÄ ]Ånbn t]mIp¶Xn¶v \n§Ä hne¡v IÂ]n¡cpsX¶pw AhÀ¡v A\paXn \ÂIWsa¶pw Ipdn¡p¶ lZokpIÄ¡v F´v adp]Sn ]dbpw F¶XmWv henb B\¡mcyambn tNmZn¡p¶Xv. \qäm­pIÄ¡p ap¼v Camw AemD±o³(d) CXn¶v adp]Sn ]dªn«p­v. AXn{]ImcamWv. Ckv emansâ BhnÀ`mh Ime¯v kv{XoIÄ PpapAx¡pw PamAXn¶pw kw_Ôn¨ncp¶Xns\ ]cmaÀin¨mWXv. ]n¶oSv ho«n HXp§nbncn¡m³ BÚ h¶t¸mÄ t]mImsa¶ \nba¯n¶v {]m_eyanÃmXmbn (_ZmCDÊz\mCAv, hm.1, t].125).

Npcp¡¯n ]c]pcpj·mÀ ]s¦Sp¡p¶ PpapAx PamAXpIÄ¡v kv{XoIÄ ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xn hà ]pWyhpw DÅXmbn Ckvemw ]dbp¶nÃ. CXv _nZvCu {]Øm\ t\Xm¡Ä Xs¶ k½Xn¨Xpw kv{XoIsf cwKt¯¡nd¡m\pÅ {iaw B[p\nI \ho\ hmZnIfpsS Xebn \n¶pSseSp¯XpamIp¶p.