tNmZyw: Ckvemanse kImXv F´v? F´n\v?

D: [\kw_Ôamtbm icockw_Ôamtbm {]tXyI cq]Żn sImSpˇs¸Sp¶ [\Żn\mWv kImXv F¶v ]dbp¶Xv (Xplv^ 3/208). a\pjysâ PohnX hfŔ¨ ˇmhiyamb FĂmhn[ hn`h§fpw AĂmlp Cu `qanbn Hcpˇnsh¨n«p­v. ]tŁ, AXnsâ e`yX FĂmhŔˇpw Htc t]msebĂ. NneŔˇXv A\mbmkw e`nˇptĽmÄ aäp NneŔˇv _p˛n]chpw ImbnI]chpamb ITn\{ia§ÄˇptijamWXv e`nˇp¶Xv. C\nbpw Hcp hn`mKw `mKyhpw tijnbpw CĂmŻhcmbp­v. AhŔˇpw `uXnI hn`h§Ä Bhiyambn«p­v. AXpt\Smł AhŔˇv tijnbnĂ. CŻcsamcp kmlNcyŻn hn`h§Ä A[nIambn e`n¨hŔ X§fpsS kĽŻn \n¶v \nÝnX hnlnXw AhŔˇv \ÂIWw. X§Ä t\Snb apgphł hn`h§fpw hn«psImSp tˇ­XnĂ. PohnXkÔmcWŻn\v Bhiyambhbnse Hcp \nÝnX hnlnXamWv hn«psImSptˇ­Xv. CXv a\pjy\n {]IrXn]cambnŻs¶ \ne\n¡p¶ klPohn kvt\lŻnsâ `mKamWv. {]IrXn kwhn[m\n¨ {kjvSmhmb AĂmlp, kImXv \ÂImł kĽ¶tcmSv I¸n¨Xv Cu Bhkyw \ndthäs¸Smł th­nbmWv.

IgnhpĹhŔ IgnhnĂmŻhsc klmbnˇp¶Xn\v AĂmlp Nne hyhŘIÄ \n Ýbn¨n«p­v. Zm\w \nŔhllnˇptĽmÄ Xsâ NpäpapĹ ]mh§sfbmWv ]cnKWntˇ­Xv. \_n(kz) ]dbp¶p: ""AhcnepĹ [\nI·mtcmSv hm§n AhcnÂXs¶bpĹ ]cm{inXcnteˇv Xncn¨phnSWw'' (_pJmcn).

Ckvemw I¸n¨ t]msebpĹ kImXv sIm­v Ahihn`mK§sf D˛cnˇmł km[nˇpsa¶Xn XŔˇanĂ. AXphgn ]«nWnbpw Zmcn{Zyhpw amämł Ignbpw. Cu kmĽŻnI hyhŘ {]Imcw apłIme apkvenwIÄ `cWw \SŻnbt¸mgpĹ AhŘ CXn\p kmŁnbmWv.

l. apBZv _nł P_en(d)s\ bał KhŔWdmbn DaŔ(d) \nban¨p. At±lw ba\n \n¶p ]ncnŞpIn«nb kImXnsâ aq¶n Hcp `mKw tI{µŻnteˇb¨psImSpŻp. CXv Jeo^ Dadn(d)\v CjvSs¸«nĂ. kwŘm\sŻ P\§fpsS Bhiy§Ä ]cnlcnˇp¶Xn\mhiyamb kwJy \oˇnsh¨v _mˇn tI{µŻnteˇv AbˇpIbmbncp¶p ]Xnhv. aq¶n Hcwiw Ab¨Xv I­t¸mÄ Jeo^ Xsâ KhŔWtdmSv hniZoIcWw Xncˇn.

ChnSpsŻ kImXn\ŔlcmbhcpsS Bhiy§Ä \ndthänb tijamWv At§m«v ]Wab¨sX¶v KhŔWŔ adp]Sn \ÂIn. ASpŻ hŔjw BsI ]ncnŞpIn«nbXnsâ ]IpXn tI{µŻnteˇv Ab¨p. kImXnsâ AhIminIfn ]ecpw At¸mtgˇpw kĽ¶cmbncp¶p. ]IpXn e`n¨t¸mÄ \oXn \S¸nemˇp¶Xn ImŔ ˇiyw ]peŔŻp¶ DaŔ(d) AkzŘ\mbn. KhŔWŔˇv ho­pw IsŻgpXn. ]gb]Sn KhŔWŔ ho­pw adp]Sn \ÂIn. aq¶mw sImĂw kwŘm\Żn \n¶p ]ncnŞpIn«nb kImXv apgph\pw tI{µŻnteˇb¨t¸mÄ Jeo^ KhŔWtdmSv hniZoIcWamhiys¸«p. kmĽŻnImhiX A\p`hnˇp¶ Hscmä a\pjy\pw ChnsSbnĂ. AXpsIm­mWv kImXv apgph\pw At§m«b¨Xv. KhŔWŔ adp]Sn \ÂIn. Jeo^ l. Dadn(d)sâ \oXn\ymb \njvTsbˇpdn¨dnbp¶hŔtˇ CXnsâ {]m[m \yw icnˇv a\ĘnemhpIbpĹq. kmĽŻnI klmbw AŔlnˇp¶ GsX¦nepw Hcp hyŕn kwŘm\Żnsâ hĂ aqebnepw Pohnˇp¶ps­¦n Cu adp]SnsbgpXmł B KhŔWŔ ss[cys¸SnĂmbncp¶p.

CuPn]vXnse KhŔWŔ taŻcw hkv{X§Ä [cnˇp¶ps­¶v dnt¸mŔ«v In«nbt¸mÄ Ipämt\zjW hIp¸nsâ ta[mhnsb At§m«b¨n«v KhŔWsd CuPn]vXn \n¶v aZo\bnteˇv sIm­phcmł Jeo^ I¸n¨p. DtZymKŘł CuPv ]vXn sN¶v KhŔWsd I¸\ Adnbn¨t¸mÄ "hkv{Xsam¶v amds«' F¶v KhŔ WŔ ]dŞp: "]mSnĂ. [cn¨ hkv{XtŻmsS sNĂWsa¶mWv Jeo^bpsS I ¸\' F¶v DtZymKŘł Adnbn¨p. hkv{Xw amämsX CuPn]vXn \n¶v aZo\ hsc bm{X sNbvXp. Jeo^bpsS apĽn KhŔWsdbpw sIm­v DtZymKŘł sN ¶t¸mÄ, HcpIq«w BSpIsf hcpŻn KhŔWdpsS ssIbn Hcp hSnbpw sImSpŻv Jeo^ I¸n¨p: "Cu BSpIsf tabv¨psImĹpI. a\pjysc `cnˇmł \ns¶ ]äpIbnĂ.' CXmbncp¶p DaŔ(d). At±lŻn\bˇp¶ dnt¸mŔ«pIÄ F{XI­v kqŁvahpw kXykÔhpambncntˇ­nhcpsa¶v DulnˇmatĂm. ba\n AŔlcp­mbn«pw KhŔWŔ kImXv apX tI{µŻnteˇbˇpIbmbncp¶psh¶v Nn´nˇmł t]mepw ]gpXnsöv CXn \n¶v {Klnˇmw.

[\nIcpsS hcpam\Żn\v Ckvemw NpaŻnb kImXv C§s\ hnhcnˇmw. sImĂŻn ap¶qdv kzmAv AYhm 960 enäŔ [m\yw hnfbp¶ IŔjIł AXnsâ ]ŻpiXam\w kImXv \ÂIWw. CuŻ¸gw, ap´ncn apXembhˇpw CtX cq]ŻnemWv kImXv \ÂtI­Xv. sXmenbn kqŁnˇp¶ s\Ăv t]mepĹhbn kImXv \nŔ_ÔamImł Adp\qdv kzmAv hnfbWw. CuŻ¸gw, ap´ncn apXembhˇpw CtX hnlnXamWv kImXv \ÂtI­Xv. PetkN\Żn\pw aäpw sNehv h¶n«ps­¦n ]IpXn AYhm A©v iXam\w \ÂInbm aXn. kImXnsâ IWˇmb 960 enäŔ Asæn 1920 enäŔ Hcp hnfbn Xs¶ XnIbWsa¶nĂ. Hcp hŔjsŻ samsŻ hnfshSp¸n C{Xbpw hnlnXw e`n¨mepw kImXv \ÂtI­XmWv.

]Ww kqŁn¨n«ps­¦n sImĂmhkm\w AXn\v c­ciXam\w kImXv \ÂIWw. 200 ZnŔlw (595 {Kmw) shĹnˇv XnIbp¶ kwJy Hcp hŔjw \ntŁ]ambps­¦n am{XamWv kImXv \nŔ_ÔamIp¶Xv. C{Xbpw XpI Iżnencn¸ps­¦n am{XaĂ, asämcmġv ISambn \ÂInbn«p­¦nepw AXn\v kImXv \ÂIWw.

I¨hSŻn\pw kImXp­v. I¨hSw XpS§nb tijw hŔjw ]qŔŻnbmIptĽmgmWv CXv \nŔ_ÔamIp¶Xv. hŔjmhkm\w ISbnse NcˇpIÄ 595 {Kmw shĹnˇpĹ XpIˇps­¦n c­c iXam\amWv kImXv \ÂtI­Xv. I¶pImenIġpw kImXp­v. BSv, amSv, H«Iw F¶nhˇv am{XamWv kImXv sImSptˇ­Xv. IpXnc, IgpX XpS§nbhsˇm¶pw kImXnĂ. BSn \m¸Xv, amSn ap¸Xv, H«IŻn A©v F¶n§s\bp­mIptĽmgmWv AXn\v kImXv \ÂtI­Xv.