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{]tXyI ^o

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A_vZpmln_n Da (d) Dcnpp :Amlphns dkq {]kvXmhnp: ""kXyw sN ewL\tam tJZtam am{XamWv'' (C_v\p amPx 2103, C_v\p lnm 1175).

""\n ]nXmsfsmp kXyw sNpXv Amlp \ntcm[npp. hh\pw kXyw sNphs\n Ah Amlpshsmp kXyw sNs'. Asn anmXncns'' (_pJmcn 6646, apkvenw 1646).

ncsnnm Hcp Imcyw m]npXn\pw DdnpXn\papXmWp kXyw. Amcyw Dmbncppshtm Dmbncpnstm Asn Ctm Dstm Cstm AXpasn `mhnbn DmIpsatm DmIpIbnstm m]npIbmWp Imbanp ]dbpXns eyw. ap Nnetm Hcp Imcyw ]menpsatm ]menpIbnstm D {]Xnbmbncnpw Dtiyw (Xplv^, ihm\n 10:2:3). Amlphns \maw sImtm KpWw sImtm am{Xta kXyw km[phpw AwKoIrXhpamhpIbpq. asmp sImpw kXyw sNm ]mSn. {]hmNI, IAv_x, aeIpI, BImiw, kqcy, N{ Chsbmpw D]tbmKnv BWbnSm ]mSn. hn{Ksf ap\nnbpw ]nXmmsc ap\nnbpw kXywsNp k{Zmbw Am\Imev Ad_nIpmbncpp. Cu k{Zmbs Ckvemw \ntcm[npIbmWpmbXv.

Amlpshtmse h\w \Insmp h krjvSnsbbpw ap\nn kXyw sNpXp aX]cnXymKamWv. Amlp Amhscsmv Bscnepw kXyw sNbvXm Ah Ahnizmknbmbn F lZokv Camw lmInw (d) Dcnnpv. h\n AmlpthmSp kZriampIsb DtiyanmsXbmWv {]kvXpX kXysan IpIcasnepw AXv A\`nImayamWv. IdmlmWv (Xplv^ 10:4). AXpsImv app\_n Xs kXyw, apds X Xs kXyw, APvao JmPm Xs kXyw Fnh Dt]nWw. Adnhnmh AXpsImv B alms\, Amlpsh hnpXp t]mse hnm\nShtmw. AXv A]ISw hcppw. {]kvXpX ]mXIw kw`hnnsn Xs AXp Idmlmbn `hnpw. Idmlv Dt]npXmWtm Daw.

Amlpshsmt kXyw sNmhq. AXpw AXymhiyn\p am{Xta \Smhq. thXn\pw thmXn\psams Amlphns Xncp\maw D]tbmKsSpmhX. sXmXns\ms kXyw sNbvXm AXp ewL\nt\m tJZnt\m CShcppw.

kXyw sNbvX Imcyw \ndth \namWv; ewLn IpIchpw. kXyw aqew HcpImcyw Zpjvcambnom tJZ]qw AXp sNtnhcpw. Csn ewL\w \Sn Ipw Gp hmtnhcpw. AXpsImmWp kXyw sN ewL\tam tJZtam am{XamsWp \_n (kz) ]dnpXv.

\Imcyn\p thntbm \bvp {]tNmZ\w \Im thntbm A\nhmcyLn kXyamb {]kvXmh\bvp {]m_eyw \Iphmt\m Hcp Imcyns Kuchw ]XoIcnmt\m tImSXnbn kXymh sXfnbnphmt\m Amlphns t]cn kXyw sNpXn hntcm[an. AXn\p \nch[n DZmlcW JpB\nepw Xncpkpnepw ImWmhpXmWv. Nne DZmlcW ImWpI: ""CXp kXyamtWm Fp XmtfmSv Ah tNmZnpp: ]dbpI: AtX; Fs cnXmhp Xs kXyw, \nbambpw AXpkXyw Xs. \nv ]cmPbsSpm Ignbn'' (bq\pkv:53). AhnizmknI ]dp: AyZn\w Rp hcn. ]dbpI. As\b, Fs cnXmhv Xs kXyw AXp \np hcnI Xs sNpw (k_Av 3). Xp ]p\Pw \IsSpIbnsv AhnizmknI Pnp. "]dbpI: As\b Fs cnXmhp Xs kXyw. \nv ]p\Pw \IsSpIbpw ]noSv \n {]hnXns\ ]n \nv hnhcadnbsSpIbpw sNpw. AXv Amlphn\v Ffpap ImcyamIpp (XKm_p 6). ]e AZriyImcyfpw `hnjy kwKXnIfpw KpcpXcamb hnhcfpw {]kvXmhnptm \_n (kz) kXyw sNmdpmbncpp.

kXyw sNbvXm AXp]menWw. ewL\w \Snbm AXn\p {]mbnhpw \IWw. km[mcW kwkmcfn kw`hntmhp Dtiy]qam anYymkXyv CXp _m[Ia. ]v AKXnIv Hmtcm app hoXw Blmcw \IpItbm Asn Ahv Hmtcm hkv{Xw hoXw \IpItbm AXpasn Hcp ASnasb tamNnnpItbm sNpI. AXp aqn\pw Ignnsn aqp Znhkw t\m\pjvTnpI. CXmWp kXy ewL\n\p {]mbnw. hnipJpB\ns {]kvXmh\ ImWpI.: "Dtiy]qam \nfpsS kXyfpsS t]cn Amlp \nsf ]nSnIqSpIbn. Fm \n Ddnp sNbvX i]YfpsS t]cn Ah \nsf ]nSnIqSpI Xs sNpw. Atm AXns {]mbnw \n \nfpsS hopImv \Imdp a[y\nebnep `Wn \np ]p km[pp `Ww \IpItbm Asn Ahp hkv{Xw \IpItbm Asn HcSnasb tamNnnpItbm sNpI FXmWv. C\n hh\pw Ahbnsempw e`yambnsn aqp Znhkw t\m\pjvTnpI. \n i]Yw sNbvXp ]dm \nfpsS kXyp {]mbnamWv CXv. \nfpsS kXysf \n kqnpI' (amCZ 89).

kXy ewL\w Nnetm \njnhpw ap Nnetm A\`nImayhpamWv. Fm Nne kmlNcyfn ewL\w \ntam kptm Bbnocpw. Hcm Hcp \n_ Imcyw \nlnpsatm \njnImcyw Dt]npsatm i]Yw sNbvXm AXp]men \n_hpw ewL\w ldmapamWv. Hcp kpp \nlnpsatm Idmlv Dt]npsatm kXyw sNbvXm AXp ]men kppw ewL\w IdmlpamWv. A\phZ\obamb Hcp Imcyw sNpsatm sNnstm kXyw sNbvXm Amlphns Xncp\matmSp h\w ]cnKWnp AXp ]menpXmWv Daw. ewLnpXv "Jnem^p Huem' BIpp. Hcp \n_ Imcyw hnpsatm \njn Imcyw sNpsatm Hcm kXyw sNbvXm Ah Ipmc\mIpw. ewL\w AhnsS \nhpamWv. ewL\w \Sp GXp kmlNcynepw {]mbnw \n_amIpw.

Hcp Imcyw sNnsv Amlphns t]cn i]Yw sNbvXp. ]noSv AXp sNpXmWv Dasap t_m[ysm kXyw AXn\v Hcp XSamIm ]mSn. B \ Imcyw sNpIbpw kXyewL\n\p {]mbnw \IpIbpamWp thXv. hnip JpB ]dbpp: "Amlphns t]cn \n kXyw sNbvXp F ImcWm \ sNpXnt\m `n ]pepXnt\m P\nSbn cRvPnpmpXnt\m Amlpsh \n Hcp XSamnshcpXv. Amlp Fmw tIph\pw Adnbph\pamIpp' (A_Jd 224).

Npcpn, Amlphns t]cnte kXyw sNmhq. AXpXs A\nhmcyImcy t ]mSpq. I kXyw alm]m]amWv. A\ymbambn AhImiw m]nmt\m hmZw Pbnmt\m \ndthWsav Dtiyanm DSSnv hcpmt\m NcpI hngnmt\m I kXyw sNpXp km[mcWamWv. CXmIs Amlphn\v Ghpw A\njvSIcamb Imcyfn s]XpamWv.""AmlpthmSp Icmdpw kzw kXyfpw Xp hnep hnphcmtcm Ahp ]ctemIp bmsXmcp hnlnXhpw CXs. ]p\cpm\\mfn Amlp AhtcmSp kwkmcnpItbm ImcpWy]qw Ahcntep t\mpItbm sNpX. Ah Ahsc kwkvcnpIbpan. Ahp thZ\mP\Iamb inbpv'' (Bep Cwdm 77). "Amlphn ]p tNpI, amXm]nXmmsc D]{ZhnpI, Hcp hynsb h[npI, hymPkXyw sNpI FnhbmWp alm]m]'(_pJmcn).""A\ymbambn Hcp apkvenans [\w ssIhisSpm thn Hcm kXyw sNbvXm Amlphns tIm]n\p ]m{Xambn Ahs\ Abm A`napJoIcnpw'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw).

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