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{]tXyI ^o

\_nZn\w

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BXnYy [aw

(1) {]hmNI injy\mb A_qlpssddx (d) Dcnpp: Amlphns XncpZqX {]kvXmhnp: ""Bscnepw Amlphnepw AyZn\nepw hnizknppshn Xs AXnYnsb _lpam\ns. hh\pw Amlphnepw Ay Zn\nepw hnizknppshn \Xv ]dbs. Asn Ah au\ambncns''(_pJmcn 6018 apkvenw 75).

(2) A_q iqssdln JpkmC (d) \_nXncpta\n (kz) bn \nv Dcnpp: ""B XnYyw aqp ZnhkamWv. AXnYnp km\w Hcp Znhkw am{Xhpw. Hcp apkvenamb hyn kplrnsbSpv Ahs\ IpneIsSppthmfw Xmaknm ]mSn.'' "Fs\bmWv kplrns\ Ipn AIsSppI {]hmNItc' Fv kzlm_nam tNmZnp. AhnSpv ]dp: Ahs\ hncpv kIcnphm\p Hpw kplrns In CmXncnt Ah AbmfpsS ASpv Xmaknpw (apkvenw 1726).

Ckvemanse {]_eamb ]pWyIafn HmWv AXnYn kmcw. AXn cmasXmcp A`n{]mban. AXp \n_amtWm kpmtWm F Imcyn am{Xta ]mcapq. Camw im^n, amenIv, A_q l\o^x (d) Fnhcpw ap _lp`qcn]w ]WvVnXmcpw AXp kpv am{XamsW ]mcmWv. Camw ssekv, Camw AlvaZv (d) Fnh ]W\nhmknIfmh Hcp Zn\cm{Xw AXnYnIp kmc kzoIcWw \I \namsW A`n{]mbmcmWv (ilp apkvenw).

AXnYn kmcw kXyhnizmkns {]Xy eWambmWvv D]cyp lZokn \_n (kz) ]cnNbsSppXv. "ssf^v' F ]ZamWv Xncpta\n D]tbmKnnpXv. AXnYnbpw hncppImc\pw kiI\pw A`ymKX\psamw ssf^v F ]Zns Bibn s]Spp. aqv Znhkw hsc kiI\p kuIcyw sNbvXp sImSpWw. AXnYnp {]tXyI B\pIqeyfpw ]cnKW\Ifpw Hcp Znhkw am{Xta sNtXpq. ap cp Znhkfn kmam\y ]cnKW\ aXn. aqv Znhkw Ignm ]noSv ]cnKW\sbmpan. aqv Znhkne[nIw AXnYn Xm\pw ]mSn. AXp AXnYnsbpdnv BXntYb\p Zpc`n{]mbtam ZpjvNntbm Dmhm ImcWamIpw. AXpasn Abmsf A\mZcnm CShcpw. BXntYbs In BXnYyn\p thXv CmsX hcptm {]tXyInpw, Atm A[nI Znhkw XmaknpI hgn AXnYn BXntYbs\ tZmjneIsSppIbmWv sNpXv.

AXnYn kmcw {]hmNImcpsS alZv NcyIfns]XmWv. AZm\nepw k mcnepw {]hmNIcn Gw {]ikvX\mWv lkvdv C_vdmlnw (A). Atlw Hbvp Blmcw Ignpambncpn. klt`mP\n\p Btcbpw InmsX hm Bsf Xncp ]pdndpw. Nnetm AXn\p thn Htm ctm ssa bm{X sNbvsXpw hcpw. AXnYnIfpsS ]nXmhv Fmbncpp Atlns A]c\maw. Camw Kmen (d) ]dbpp: Cmcynep Atlns BmYX \nanw Atlw Ayhn{iaw sImp (lnt{_m Kplbnse) hnip J_vdnSn Cphsc hncpv kmcw \nenn. aqv apX ]v hscbpw Nnetm \qdv htcbpw kiIcSp AXnYn kwLw AhnsS hp Blmcw Ignm Hcp cm{Xn t]mepw Ignnn. AhnSps ]cnNmcI Cmcyw kXnnpv.(Clvbm 2:14).

kiI ]cnNnXtcm A]cnNnXtcm F hnthN\w ImWnmsXbmbncpp C_v dmlnw (A) s hncpq. Hc]cnNnX thjn aepI htmgpw Atlw Xs ]Xnhv kmcn\p apXncpIbpmbn. hnip JpB AXn{]Imcw ]d bpp:""C_vdmloans am\ymcmb AXnYnIfpsS hm Xmp Fntbm? Ah Atlns ASpv ISp hnp kemw ]d k`w. Atlw ({]Xy`nhmZ\ambn) ]dp :"kemw! A]cnNnXcmb P\amWtm. Fntlw [rXnbn Xs `mcybpsS ASptv t]mbn. Xmakw hn\m (thhn) Hcp InSmhns\ sImphp. AXp AhcpsS kao]tp hp. Atlw tNmZnp. \n Xnpnt? Atm Ahsc kw_np Atlns a\n `bw ISp IqSn. Ah AtltmSv "Xm `bstS Fp ]dbpIbpw hnhc\mb HcmIpnsbpdnv Ah Atln\p ktmjhm AdnbnpIbpw sNbvXp.''(51:2428). BXnYynep AXy[nIamb HupIyhpw AXnYnItfmSp _lpam\hpamWv CXp ImWnpXv. Cu kw`hw hnip JpB asmcp ssienbn C{]ImcamWv ]dXv: ""Atm thhn Hcp InSmhns\ Atlw sImp hcm Hpw sshInbn'' (11:69).

kIe KpWfnepw k {]hmNIcpsSbpw ap\ncbnembncp aplZv (kz) BXnYynepw Gw henb amXrIbmbncpp. i{Xp an{X t`Zat\y Fm kiIpw BXnYyw \Ipambncpp. Inensn ISw hmnbpw AXp \nhlnpw. Xncpta\nbpsS tkhI\mbncp A_q dm^nAv (d) ]dbpp: ""Hcp Zn\w Xncpta\nbpsS kao]v Hcp Iqw AXnYnI hp. Atm kao]p Hcp PqXs ASpv sNv AXnYnI hXpsImv Ipdp tKmXps]mSn dP_v amkmh[np ISw Xcm ]dbWsav Xncpta\n FtmSv ]dp. PqX\mIs ]Wbw XcmsX ISw sImSpnsv BWbnp ]dp. hnhcw sNp ]dtm AhnSpv ]dp: "AmlphmWv kXyw, Rm BImiv hnizkvX\mWv, `qanbnepw hnizkvX Xs. Ah F\np ISw Xncpsn Rm B ISw hopambncpp. \o Cu ]Sbn sImpt]mbn Ah\p ]Wbw sImSppI''. Cu kw`hw Camw XpapZn Xs iamCen Dcnnpv.

Ckvemanse \n_ Zm\fn Gw {][m\sXpw, ]kvXw`fn HpamWtm kImXv. kImXns Fp hn`mKw AhIminIsf hnip JpB Xs {]Jym]nnpv. Ahcnsemcp hn`mKw IS_m[nXcmWv. hyn]camb Bhiyn\p hmp IShpw kmaqlnImhiyn\v hmp IShpw ChnsS ]cnKW\obamWv. ]ckv]cw hgnemb hynInSbntem kaqlnSbntem A\pcRvP\w DmpI. akvPnZv \namWw \SpI, _nsb tamNnnpI. ]mew \nanpI, XpSnb s]mXp Imcyv thn hmnb ISn\p Ah[nbmbm Ah kscnepw {]kvXpX ISw hopXn\p kImXv \ImhpXmWv. Cu C\nemWv AXnYn kmcn\p hmnb ISsbpw Iaimkv{X ]WvVnXm FnbnpXv. Atm AXnYn kmcn\p thn ISw hmnbm AXp Ah[np hopXn\p kImXp kzoIcnmhpXmWv. Ah kzw \nev sFizcyhms\nepw (Xplv^, ihm\n 7:159). hncpv kmcn\pw BXnYyn\pw Ckvemw \Inb {]m[m\yw CXn \np Xs {KlnmhpXmWv.

AZm\nsbpw hncpv kmcnsbpw {]m[m\yhpw alXzhpw hnhcnp lZokpI AkwJyamsWmWv Camw Kmen (d) Clvbm (2.14) bn ]dnpXv. AXnYn BXntYbs\bpw BXntYb AXnYntbbpw ktmjnnpp FXmWv CXnse Ghpw {][m\amb LSIw. \_n (kz) ]dbpp : Amlphnep hnizmkn\p tijw Ghpw t{ijvTIcamb Iaw P\fpambn kvt\l_w ]peemWv (Xz_vdm\n). Iafn Ghpw t{ijvTambXv kXyhnizmknbmb \ns kplrn\p ktmjapmpI,Asn AbmfpsS ISw honsmSppI, AXpasn Ah p (`Ww) \IpI FXmWv (ss_lJn, CXvlm^v 5:245). AXnYnI {]thinm hon aeIpI {]thinnsmWv {]hmNIcpsS tkhI\pw injy\pamb A\kv (d) ]dbpXv (Clvbm 2:14). kZym`Ww AXnYnI Ignp sImncnptmsgmw aeIpI BXntYb\p thn {]mYnp sImncnpsa {]hmNIcpsS {]kv Xmh\ Xz_vdm\n Dcnnpv (Clvbm 2:10).

BXnYyw ktmjIcamhWw. AXnYnpw BXntYb\pw. AXp sImv Xs AXn Ir{XnaXztam Akzm`mhnIXtbm Dmhm ]mSn. hopImsc ]nWnbmntbm Ffpw hom Ignbm ISw hcpntbm hncpp kmcw \ScpXv. {]bmksp aqeynepw KpWnepw sas Blmcw \Im {ianptmgmWv Akzm`mhnIX hcpXv. CXv BXnYyw Hcp `mcamnopw. alm\mb ^pssf (d) ]dbpp: P\ ]ckv]cap _w Apt]mIphm\p ImcWw Ir{XnaXzw am{XamWv. AXmbXv Xs kplrns\ Wnpw. Atm Abm hnjanp AXnYnp thn Akm[mcWXzw ImWnpw. AXmIs AbmfpsS Xncnp hchn\v XSw krjvSnpIbpw sNpp. asmcp ]WvVnXs {]kvXmh\ ImWpI: kvt\lnXm Bcp hmepw F\np {]iv\a. ImcWw Rm kiI\p thn Ir{XnaXzw ImWnmdn. FsbSppXv Rm Ah\p kanpw. Rm tisp Akm[mcWambn hXpw Ah\pthn Xm sNppshn Ahs ]p\cmKatmSv AXr]vXnbpw hnapJXbpapmIpw. aqmasXmcmfpsS {]kvXmh\ ImWpI: Rm Fs Hcp kplr ns\ kinmdpmbncpp. Abm hncpn FtmSv Akzm`mhnIX ImWnpw. Rm AtltmSv ]dp: Rm\pw \obpw Hbvp Cu hntij Blmcw Ignmdn. ]nssbn\p \mancphcpw IqSptm CXp Ignpp. HpIn Cu Ir{XnaXzw \npI, Asn Rm ki\w \npw. Atlw Akm[mcWXzw \nm Xbmdmbn. RfpsS IqSntc \ne\np''. kam (d) ]dbpp :""AXnYnp thn hnjanp \psS kao]nmXp Xbm sNcpsXpw e`yambXv AXnYnp ka]nWsapw Amlphns XncpZqX \tmSv I]np.'' (Xz_vdm\n). hntijmlmcanmXv sImv e`yambXv AXnYnp \Im encpXv. A\kv (d) ]dbpp :""\_nbpsS kzlm_nam e`yambXv AXnYnIp \Ipambncpp. DWnb sdmnjvWfpw ]gInb Imcbpw AqnepmIpw. Fnh ]dbpambncpp :X\np kansSp Blmcw \nmcambnmWp AXnYntbm A sn X\np e`yambXv \nmcambnp AXnYnp \ImXncnp BXntYbt\m Ghpw henb Ipmc Fp Rdnbn (Clvbm 2: 1213).

h hynbpw Amlphnepw AyZn\nepw hnizknppshn Xs AXnYnsb BZcnp sIms FmWtm \_n (kz) ]dnpXv. AXnYntbmSp Fm kao]\nepw Cu BZchv {]ISamhWw. apJ{]kXbpw ktmj ]qhap kwkmchpw AXns `mKamWv. hncppImc\p thn {]tXyI hncnv Xm sNWsamWv \nbaw. hon AXnYnIp thn {]tXyIamb i Hcpn hbv kpmIpp. \_n (kz) ]dbpp.""Hcp hncnv ]pcpj\pw asmcp hncnv kv{Xopw aqmasXmcp hncnv AXnYnpw \mematXv (A\mhiyambXv sImv) ]nimNn\papXmWv'' (apkvenw).

AXnYnbpsS A`ojvSw BcmbWw. thXp \Im Ignbpsan Ah\p th B lmcw Fsv At\zjnWw. A\njvSIcamb Blmcapmn \jvSw klnpXn\p ]Icw BKX\p A`ncpNnbp hn`h \IpXmWtm Daw. \_n (kz) ]dbpp: ""Bscnepw Xs kplrn\p CjvSs Blmcw `nnm Amlp Atln\p \cIw \njnampw''(ss_lJn, CXvlm^v 5:238). AXnYn, BXntYbs kuIcymkuIcy t\mmsX F\nnXv thWsav ]dbcpXv. kzmX{yw sImSpm hopImp FfpapXmWh XncsSptXv. BXntYb\p kuIcyapsn AXnYn X\nnjvSapXp BhiysSpXn\v hntcm[an. alm\mb Camw im^nCu (d) As\ sNbvXXmbn ImWmw. Atlw injy\mb "lk\p_v\p aplZppAv^dm\nbpsS hon Nnetm AXnYnbmbn t]mImdpmbncpp. ]nbntev t]mIptm X\npthn Xm sNt hn`hfpsS env kpAv^dm\n Zmknsb G]npw. Hcp Znhkw ]nIbn s]Sm ]pXnsbmcp hn`hw kZybn Itm kpAv^dm\n Zmknsb tNmZyw sNbvXp. AXp Camw im^nCu enn IqntXmsWp Ah ]dtm Atlw ]cntim[np. AsX, Camw im^nCu (d) s ssIS! Xs Kpcp\mY CjvSs hn`hw BhiysXnep ktmjm[nIym Atlw Xs Zmknsb ASnan \np tamNnnp kzX{bmn. (CXvlm^v 5: 237).

AXnYnp Xmakwhn\m Blmcw sImSpWw. AXp h\ns `mKamWv. A[nI kabw shdpsXbncppXv A\mZchmWv. Wns AXnYnIsfn Ahcn Htm ctm t] IrXy kabsnbnsn Ahpthn sshIncpXv. hh p kZy hnfWw. CXv hcm\p hynp a\xtiapmpsap Im (Ipdv) sshInpXne`wKnbn (Clvbm 2:18). hcm\p hyn alXztam _dItXm Dhs\n kZy ]nnpXn ]ntISn (CXvlm^v 5:21). lmXnap Akzv ]dbpp : "[rXn ss]imNnIamWv. ApImcyfnsemgnv; AXnYn hp Ignm Blmcw \IpI, acnm anv kwkvIcnpI. {]mbw XnIm I\yIsb hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSppI.Ah[nbmbm ISw hopI, Ipw sNbvXm Xu_ sNpI FnhbmWv [rXn Iqt Ap Imcy (lnbp Huenbm 8:78).

AXnYntbmSv Blmcw sImphct? Fp tNmZncpXv. alm\mb kp^vbm\pucn ]dbpp:""\ns kplrv \ns kinm `Ww Ignppthm? `Ww sImp hct? Fsmpw tNmZncpXv. Blmcw Ah\p ka]nWw. Xnppshn Xns, Asn FSppammw. sImSpm\ptinm Blmcspdnv AXnYntbmSv kwkmcncpXv (Clvbm 2:13). "s]nbn \ lhm Dmbncpp. ]t Xmtm ImWpn.' F {]kvXmh\ CXn\pZmlcWamWv.

kZymhn`hsfmw Hnp hbvp k{ZmbamWv ]qhnIpmbncpXv. kuIcyapsn AXmWv Daw. thhp thXp Ignmatm. ]e XhWbmbn hbvppshn Ffpw ZlnpXpw eLpXchpamb Blmc BZyw hbvpXmWv IqSpXepaw. BZyw ]g, ]ns amwkw, sdmn, Ahkm\w a[pc km[\ CXmWv Gw \{Iaw. Htm ctm C\w am{Xtabpqshn C\n IqSpX sasbn\w hcm\ps anYym[mcW AXnYnpmImXncnm hnhcw Ahsc AdnbnWw (Clvbm 2 : 1819).

hopImc BZyw ssI IgpInsbmcpWw; Ah Xnm XpSpXp sshInbmhWw; FgptpXpw sshIn; ssI IgpIpXpw Ahkm\amIWw. sshInsbphpw kmh[m\w Ignphpsamw ]cym]vXamb Afhn `Ww Ignm AXp IqSpX klmbIamIpw. kZybn anXXzw ]menWw. AanXamhcpXv. AXnanXhpamhcpXv. AanXXzw s]mhpw AXnanXXzw ]nippamWv. anXXzamWv \_nNcy.Xncpta\nbpsS apn \np injvSmlmcw s]mnsmp t]mIp Ah DmImdn. Bhiynt\ hnfmdpq. hbdp\ndp Ignp ]Xnhpw kzlm_namn.almmcmb AXnYnI Ign injvSw _dIXmbn KWnppshn Ahp IqSpX hnfmhpXmWv. injvSw hcpsapdnsn hncppImp hnfpw apv hopImpXv amnhWw. hopIm injvSw {]XonmXncnWw. injvSapmbnsn Ah AXnYnIsf ]gnmXncnm\pw AXp klmbIamIpw.

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